Ubuchwepheshe Bokucindezela Amavidiyo Obungcono Kakhulu Bezinhlelo Ze-CCTV
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile sempilo yansuku zonke. Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokugcina ukuphepha ukusebenzisa i-Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV). Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, izinhlelo ze-CCTV nazo ziye zathuthuka kakhulu, enye yazo ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela ividiyo. Ukucindezela ividiyo inqubo yokunciphisa usayizi wamafayela evidiyo ngaphandle kokunciphisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yesithombe. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlelo ze-CCTV ukuthi zigcine izithombe eziningi endaweni yokugcina elinganiselwe futhi kwenza kube lula ukudlulisa ividiyo ngamanethiwekhi. Lesi sihloko sizobuyekeza obunye bobuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu bokucindezela ividiyo obusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-CCTV, njenge-H.264, i-H.265 (HEVC), kanye ne-AV1.
H.264 (Ukubhala Amakhodi Evidiyo Okuthuthukisiwe)
I-H.264, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Advanced Video Coding (AVC), ingenye yezindinganiso zokucindezelwa kwamavidiyo ezithandwa kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-CCTV. Yethulwe yi-ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) kanye ne-ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), i-H.264 inikeza ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwekhwalithi yevidiyo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokucindezelwa.
Izinzuzo ze-H.264
1. Ikhwalithi Yevidiyo Ephakeme: I-H.264 iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ikhwalithi yevidiyo enhle kakhulu ngama-bitrate aphansi kunezindinganiso zokucindezela zangaphambilini njenge-MPEG-2 noma i-MJPEG.
2. Ukusebenza Kahle Kokugcina: Ngokusebenzisa amasu okucindezela athuthukile njengokubikezela kwesikhala nesikhathi, i-H.264 inganciphisa kakhulu usayizi wefayela levidiyo ngaphandle kokwehlisa ikhwalithi yesithombe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-CCTV ezidinga isitoreji sesikhathi eside.
3. Ukutholakala Okubanzi: Njengoba isikhona iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, i-H.264 isekelwa cishe yizo zonke ihadiwe nesofthiwe ezitholakalayo njengamanje. Lokhu kuyenza ihambisane kakhulu nezinhlelo eziningi ze-CCTV.
4. Ukonga i-bandwidth: Ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela be-H.264 buyasiza ekunciphiseni izidingo ze-bandwidth zokudlulisa ividiyo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumele ukudluliswa kwevidiyo kwekhwalithi ephezulu kumanethiwekhi ahamba kancane noma angazinzile.
H.264 Izinkinga
1. Ubunzima Bokufaka Ikhodi: Inqubo yokufaka ikhodi ye-H.264 iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi idinga amandla amaningi okusebenzisa ikhompyutha kunobuchwepheshe obudala bokucindezela.
2. Ilayisensi: Nakuba isebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-H.264 kudinga ilayisensi engakhuphula izindleko zokusebenza kwezinhlangano ezithile.
I-H.265 (Ukubhala Ngekhodi Kwevidiyo Okusebenza Kakhulu)
I-H.265, noma i-High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), ilandela i-H.264. Yethulwe ukuze ibhekane nemikhawulo ye-H.264, i-HEVC inikeza ukucindezela okusebenzayo kakhudlwana, okuholela kuvidiyo yekhwalithi ephezulu enosayizi abancane bamafayela.
Izinzuzo ze-H.265
1. Ukusebenza Kahle Kokucindezela Okuphezulu: I-H.265 inganciphisa osayizi bamafayela evidiyo ngo-50% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-H.264 ngenkathi igcina ikhwalithi yevidiyo efanayo. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekongeni isikhala sesitoreji kanye nomkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi.
2. Ikhwalithi Yevidiyo Ephakeme: Ngokusebenzisa amasu okucindezela athuthukile njengokuhlukanisa izihlahla ezine, i-HEVC iyakwazi ukugcina imininingwane yesithombe engcono ikakhulukazi ngezinqumo eziphezulu njenge-4K kanye ne-8K.
3. Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo: I-HEVC isekela ububanzi bezixazululo zamavidiyo, kusukela kumaselula kuya kuzikrini ezinkulu, okwenza ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nezidingo eziningi.
H.265 Izinkinga
1. Ubuchwepheshe Obusha: Nakuba busebenza kahle kakhulu, i-HEVC iseyintsha kakhulu ngakho ukuhambisana nehadiwe nesofthiwe endala kungaba yinkinga.
2. Ugesi kanye Namandla Okusebenzisa Ikhompyutha: Inqubo yokufaka ikhodi ye-H.265 iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi idinga amandla amaningi okusebenzisa ikhompyutha kanye nogesi, okungaba yisithiyo ezinhlelweni ze-CCTV okumele zisebenze amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto.
3. Imali Yelayisensi: Njengo-H.264, i-HEVC idinga nemali yelayisensi engavimbela ukwamukelwa kabanzi yizinhlangano ezincane noma eziphakathi nendawo.
I-AV1 (Ividiyo ye-AOMedia 1)
I-AV1 ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela ividiyo obuthuthukiswe yi-Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia). Njengendinganiso yokucindezela evulekile nengenazo izinkokhelo, i-AV1 yenzelwe ukunikeza ukusebenza kahle kokucindezela okungcono kune-H.265, ngenkathi isusa izimali zelayisense.
Izinzuzo ze-AV1
1. Ukusebenza Kahle Kokucindezela Okuphezulu: Ngokusho kwezinye izifundo, i-AV1 ingacindezela amavidiyo afinyelela ku-30% kangcono kune-H.265, okusho ukuthi kungagcinwa isikhala esiningi sokugcina.
2. Akukho Malimboleko: Enye yezinzuzo ze-AV1 ukuthi ayinamalimboleko. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zelayisensi, okungaba yinzuzo kakhulu ezinkampanini eziningi.
3. Ikhwalithi Yevidiyo Ephakeme: I-AV1 isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokucindezela ezithuthukisiwe ezikwazi ukugcina ikhwalithi yevidiyo ephezulu kakhulu ngisho noma iphansi kakhulu.
4. Ukusekelwa Kwemboni: I-AV1 isekelwa yizinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Google, i-Netflix, ne-Microsoft, okwenza kube yindinganiso ethembeke kakhulu futhi eyamukelwa ngokushesha embonini.
Izinkinga ze-AV1
1. Ubunzima bokufaka ikhodi nokubhala ikhodi: Ubuchwepheshe be-AV1 budinga amandla aphezulu okusebenzisa ikhompyutha kune-H.264 ne-H.265. Lokhu kungathinta ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehadiwe ye-CCTV.
2. Ukuntuleka Kokusekelwa Kwehadiwe: Nakuba izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zisekela i-AV1, ukwesekwa kwehadiwe kokukhipha ikhodi ye-AV1 kusesencane futhi akuphelele njenge-H.264 ne-H.265.
Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela ividiyo budlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-CCTV zanamuhla. I-H.264, yize indala, isasebenza kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle ezinhlelweni eziningi. I-H.265 ithatha ukusebenza kahle kokucindezela iye ezingeni elisha, kodwa ngobunzima obandayo kanye nezindleko zelayisensi. I-AV1, umdlali omusha, inikeza ukusebenza kahle kokucindezela okuphezulu futhi ayinayo imali yokukhokha, yize ukwesekwa kwehadiwe kusathuthuka.
Uma ukhetha ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela ividiyo obuhle kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lwe-CCTV, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo ezithile njengendawo yokugcina, ikhwalithi yevidiyo oyifunayo, ukuhambisana kwedivayisi, kanye nezindleko. Ngokuqonda izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kobuchwepheshe ngabunye, ungenza isinqumo esinolwazi kakhulu sokuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lwakho lwe-CCTV.
