Isihloko: Indima kaPlankton Ochungechungeni Lokudla Kwasolwandle
Izindawo zemvelo zasolwandle ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ziyashintshashintsha, kanti izinkulungwane zezinhlobo ziyasebenzisana ohlelweni lokuphila olusekela ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kanye nomnotho wabantu. Phakathi kwabadlali ababaluleke kakhulu kulolu hlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kukhona i-plankton, izinto ezincane ezintanta ngokukhululeka olwandle lomhlaba. Naphezu kobukhulu bazo obuncane, i-plankton ibalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla lwasolwandle, isebenza njengesisekelo esisekela izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphila kwasolwandle. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ye-plankton ochungechungeni lokudla lwasolwandle, sibonisa ukubaluleka kwazo futhi sembula ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi ezibugcina nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Ziyini iPlankton?
I-Plankton ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngamaqembu amabili: i-phytoplankton kanye ne-zooplankton.
– I-Phytoplankton: Lezi yizitshalo ezincane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-algae eneseli elilodwa njenge-diatoms nama-dinoflagellates. Zenza i-photosynthesis, zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga kanye ne-carbon dioxide ukudala izinto eziphilayo kanye nomoya-mpilo. I-Phytoplankton yizona ezikhiqiza kakhulu olwandle, ezakha isisekelo sewebhu yokudla kwasolwandle.
– I-Zooplankton: Lezi yizilwane ezincane, ngokuvamile ezincane kakhulu ezizulazula emanzini. Zisukela kuma-protozoan amancane kuya ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu njenge-jellyfish larvae nama-copepod. I-Zooplankton idla kakhulu i-phytoplankton futhi, nayo, idliwa yizinto eziphilayo ezinkulu.
I-Phytoplankton: Abakhiqizi Abayinhloko
I-Phytoplankton idlala indima ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla kwasolwandle njengabakhiqizi abayinhloko. Nge-photosynthesis, iguqula ikhabhoni engaphili (ngendlela yekhabhoni dioksijini) ibe yizakhi eziphilayo, empeleni yakha isisekelo senethiwekhi yokudla kwasolwandle. I-oxygen ekhiqizwa ngale nqubo nayo ibalulekile, inegalelo elikhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwe-oxygen emhlabeni.
Izinto eziningana zithonya umkhiqizo we-phytoplankton okuhlanganisa ukutholakala kokukhanya, ukugcwala kwezakhamzimba, kanye nokushisa kwamanzi. Ubuningi be-phytoplankton bungahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezindawo kanye nesizini ngesizini, okuholela ekushintsheni okuguquguqukayo ekukhiqizweni okuyinhloko. Isibonelo, izindawo eziphakeme ezicebile ngezakhamzimba zivame ukuba yizindawo ezishisayo zokukhiqiza i-phytoplankton, zisekela izilwane eziningi zasolwandle.
I-Zooplankton: Abathengi Besibili
I-Zooplankton ihlala esigabeni esilandelayo sochungechunge lokudla kwasolwandle njengabathengi besibili. Zidla i-phytoplankton kanye nezinye izilwane ezincane ze-zooplankton. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ezifana nama-copepod, ama-krill, izibungu ze-jellyfish, kanye nama-crustacean amancane.
Isibonelo, ama-Copepod abhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zezilwane eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni futhi angumthombo wokudla obalulekile wezinhlobo eziningi ezinkulu zasolwandle, okuhlanganisa izinhlanzi, imikhomo, nezinyoni zasolwandle. I-Krill, elinye ilungu elivelele lomphakathi we-zooplankton, idliwa kakhulu yimikhomo ye-baleen, izimvu zamanzi, nezinyoni zasolwandle, okwakha isixhumanisi esibalulekile phakathi kwamazinga aphansi naphezulu e-trophic.
I-Trophic Relay: Kusukela ku-Plankton kuya ku-Apex Predators
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-plankton nezilwane zasolwandle ezinkulu buyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlanzi ezincane, njenge-sardine kanye ne-anchovies, zidla i-zooplankton. Lezi zinhlanzi ezincane zibe sezidliwa yizinhlanzi ezinkulu, njenge-tuna noma i-cod. Lokhu kudluliselwa kwe-trophic kuyaqhubeka nochungechunge lokudla, kugcine ngezilwane ezidla ezinye njenge-sharks, dolphin, kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle.
Ngisho nezinye zezilwane zasolwandle ezinkulu kakhulu, njengemikhomo ye-baleen, zithembele ngqo ku-plankton. Imikhomo ye-Baleen isebenzisa izinhlelo zayo zokuhlunga ezihlukile ukuze idle inani elikhulu le-krill kanye ne-copepods, okubonisa ukuthi lezi zilwane ezincane zibaluleke kangakanani ngisho nasezikhulwini ezinkulu zolwandle.
Ngale Kochungechunge Lokudla: Ukulawulwa Kweplankton Nesimo Sezulu
Ngaphandle kwendima yazo kuwebhu yokudla, i-plankton idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu soMhlaba. Ngokusebenzisa i-photosynthesis, i-phytoplankton imunca inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide, igesi enkulu yokushisa. Lapho i-phytoplankton ifa, ingxenye yekhabhoni abayigcinayo iyacwila phansi kolwandle, iyisuse ngempumelelo emoyeni isikhathi eside - inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi iphampu yezinto eziphilayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo ze-phytoplankton zikhiqiza i-dimethyl sulfide (DMS), inhlanganisela engathonya ukwakheka kwamafu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, isimo sezulu soMhlaba.
Abantu kanye nePlankton
Abantu baxhumene kakhulu ne-plankton ngochungechunge lokudla lwasolwandle. Ukudoba, okunikeza umthombo obalulekile wamaprotheni ezigidigidini zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, kuncike ngqo noma ngokungaqondile emananini e-plankton anempilo. Noma yikuphi ukwehla kwenani le-plankton kungaba nemiphumela eqhubekayo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokudla lwasolwandle, ekugcineni kuthinte ukuvikeleka kokudla kwabantu kanye nokuthembela kwezomnotho ekudobeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plankton isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimboni, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli we-biofuel, imithi, kanye nezimonyo, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwazo kwezomnotho.
Izinsongo kuPlankton
Naphezu kwendima yazo ebalulekile, imiphakathi ye-plankton ibhekene nezinsongo eziningi. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezinselelo ezibaluleke kakhulu, okuthinta amazinga okushisa kwamanzi kanye nokushintsha kwemisinga yolwandle, okungaphazamisa imiphakathi ye-plankton. Ukwanda kwe-asidi yolwandle, okubangelwa ukwanda kokumuncwa kwe-carbon dioxide, kubeka olunye usongo, ikakhulukazi ekukhuleni kwezinhlobo ze-plankton njenge-coccolithophores.
Ukungcola, njengokuchitheka kukawoyela kanye nemfucuza yepulasitiki, nakho kusongela izindawo zokuhlala ze-plankton. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sokuqhakaza kwe-algal okuyingozi, okuvame ukusheshiswa ukugeleza kwezakhamzimba ezivela kwezolimo kanye namanzi angcolile, kungadala izindawo ezifile lapho amazinga omoya-mpilo ehla khona, okuthinta ukusinda kwe-plankton kanye nezinhlobo ezithembele kuzo.
Isiphetho
Ama-plankton ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zochungechunge lokudla kwasolwandle, asekela ukusinda kanye nempilo yezindawo zemvelo zasolwandle. Indima yawo isukela ekukhiqizweni okuyinhloko kuya ekusekeleni izinhlanzi kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-plankton ayingxenye ebalulekile ekulawulweni kwesimo sezulu kanye nomnotho wabantu.
Ukuqinisekisa impilo eqhubekayo yezindawo zemvelo zasolwandle kanye nezinsizakalo ezizinikezayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokunciphisa izinsongo ezibhekene nezinhlobo ze-plankton. Imikhuba eqhubekayo, isenzo sezulu, kanye nokulawula ukungcola kuyadingeka ukuvikela lezi zidalwa ezincane kodwa ezinamandla, kuqinisekiswe ikusasa lezilwandle zethu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zazo eziningi.
