Indlela Izinhlelo Zokupholisa Injini Ezisebenza Ngayo
Uhambo lomgwaqo, ukushayela edolobheni okumatasa, kanye nokuhamba ngesikebhe emigwaqweni emide konke kuncike eqhaweni elilodwa elingakadunyiswa—uhlelo lokupholisa injini. Le ngxenye ebalulekile yemoto yakho iqinisekisa ukuthi injini isebenza ezingeni lokushisa elifanele, igweme izingozi zokushisa ngokweqile. Kodwa lolu hlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lusebenza kanjani ngempela? Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlolisisa izisekelo, izingxenye, kanye nendlela yokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokupholisa injini, okuhlinzeka ngokuqonda okuphelele kwendima yazo kanye nokusebenza kwazo.
Isidingo Sezinhlelo Zokupholisa Injini
Izinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi zikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngenxa yokusha kukaphethiloli nomoya. Nakuba okunye kwalokhu kushisa kukhishwa ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya, ingxenye enkulu isala ngaphakathi kwenjini. Ngaphandle kwendlela yokususa lokhu kushisa okweqile, izingxenye zenjini—kufaka phakathi ama-piston, amasilinda, nama-valve—zingafinyelela ngokushesha amazinga okushisa angabangela ukugoba, ukuncibilika, noma ngisho nokwehluleka kwenjini. Inhloso eyinhloko yesistimu yokupholisa ukuphatha lokhu kushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zesistimu Yokupholisa Injini
Ukuqonda ukuthi uhlelo lokupholisa injini lusebenza kanjani kuqala ngokujwayelana nezingxenye zalo eziyinhloko:
Radiator
I-radiator cishe iyingxenye eqashelwa kakhulu yesistimu yokupholisa. Isebenza njengesishintshi sokushisa esiyinhloko, ivumela i-coolant (uketshezi) olumunce ukushisa kwenjini ukuthi lukukhiphele emkhathini. Yakhiwe nge-aluminium noma ngethusi, i-radiator inamapayipi namaphiko akhulisa indawo engaphezulu yokushisa.
Iphampu Yamanzi
Iphampu yamanzi iyisici esiyinhloko esinomthwalo wokujikeleza i-coolant ngenjini, i-radiator, kanye nezinye izindlela zokupholisa. Ngokuvamile iqhutshwa yibhande elixhunywe ku-crankshaft yenjini, iphampu yamanzi iqinisekisa ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwe-coolant, igcina ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okufanayo kuyo yonke injini.
thermostat
I-thermostat isebenza njengomlawuli wokushisa ngaphakathi kohlelo lokupholisa. Ihlala ivaliwe lapho injini ibanda ukuze yandise isikhathi sokufudumeza futhi ivuleke uma injini isifinyelele izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusebenza, okuvumela i-coolant ukuthi igeleze iye ku-radiator. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi injini igcina izinga lokushisa elihambisanayo, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Okupholisayo
I-coolant, noma i-antifreeze, uketshezi olujikeleza enjinini kanye nohlelo lokupholisa. Ngokuvamile ingxube yamanzi kanye ne-ethylene glycol noma i-propylene glycol, i-coolant inezinga lokubila eliphezulu kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuqandisa. Ivimbela injini ekuqandeni emazingeni okushisa abandayo kanye nokubila emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ihlinzeka ngesivikelo unyaka wonke.
Ukuphola Abathandi
Uma zixhunywe ngqo enjinini noma zisebenza ngogesi, amafeni okupholisa anikeza umoya owengeziwe ku-radiator, ikakhulukazi uma imoto imile noma ihamba kancane. Ngokudonsa umoya emaphinini e-radiator, athuthukisa ukushabalaliswa kokushisa, avimbele ukushisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngesivinini esiphansi.
Uhlelo Lokupholisa Olusebenzayo
Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zingxenye zisebenza kanjani ndawonye kuhilela ukulandelela uhambo lwe-coolant ngenjini kanye nohlelo lokupholisa:
Ukugeleza Okupholile
1. Indawo Yokuqala: Uhambo luqala kurediyetha, lapho i-coolant, ngemva kokukhipha ukushisa kwayo, iba semazingeni okushisa aphansi.
2. Iphampu Yamanzi: Iphampu yamanzi ihambisa i-coolant iye ebhulokini lenjini kanye nasekhanda lesilinda ngochungechunge lwamapayipi kanye nezindlela zokuhamba.
3. Ukumuncwa Kokushisa: Njengoba i-coolant igeleza nge-injini block, imunca ukushisa okuvela enkambisweni yokusha. I-coolant efudumele bese iya ku-thermostat.
4. Ukulawulwa kwe-Thermostat: Uma i-coolant ingaphansi komkhawulo we-thermostat, izophinde ijikelezwe ngaphakathi kwenjini ukuze igcine ukushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa le-coolant selidlule umkhawulo, i-thermostat iyavuleka, ivumela i-coolant eshisayo ukuthi igeleze iye ku-radiator.
5. Ukusabalala Kokushisa: Ku-radiator, i-hot coolant igeleza ngamapayipi nasemaphinini, ikhiphe ukushisa emoyeni ozungezile. Amafeni angasiza kule nqubo ngokwandisa ukuhamba komoya uma kudingeka.
6. Ukuqhubeka Komjikelezo: Uketshezi olupholile manje lubuyela ku-radiator, lulungele ukuphinda umjikelezo.
Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokupholisa
Nakuba izimiso ezibanzi zezinhlelo zokupholisa zihlala zifana, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokubhekana nemiklamo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zezinjini:
Izinhlelo Ezipholile Ngoketshezi
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ezimotweni zesimanje, izinhlelo ezipholiswe ngoketshezi, zisebenzisa i-coolant ukudlulisa ukushisa kusuka enjinini kuya ku-radiator. Zingaba izinhlelo ezivaliwe noma ezivulekile:
– Izinhlelo Ezivaliwe: Lezi zigcina i-coolant ngaphakathi kwendawo evaliwe, zinciphisa ukulahleka ngenxa yokuhwamuka futhi zinciphise ukungcola.
– Izinhlelo Ezivulekile: Lezi zinedamu elivumela ukwandiswa nokufinyela kwesibandisi, kodwa zithambekele kakhulu ekuvuzeni nasekungcoleni.
Amasistimu Okupholisa umoya
Njengoba zingavamile kakhulu ezimotweni zesimanje kodwa zitholakala kwezinye izinjini ezindala noma ezikhethekile (njengezithuthuthu noma izindiza ezincane), izinhlelo ezipholiswe umoya zithembele ngokuphelele ekugelezeni komoya okuzungeze injini ukuze zisuse ukushisa. Amaphiko nezindwangu kusiza ukuqondisa ukuhamba komoya ezindaweni ezibalulekile, kodwa lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile azisebenzi kahle ekugcineni amazinga okushisa enjini afanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezipholiswe uketshezi.
Isondlo kanye Nezinkinga Ezivamile
Ukugcinwa kahle kohlelo lokupholisa kubalulekile empilweni yenjini. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kufanele kufake:
– Izinga kanye Nesimo Se-coolant: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-coolant isezingeni elifanele futhi ayinakho ukungcola.
– Amapayipi namabhande: Hlola izimpawu zokuguguleka noma ukuvuza.
– Irediyetha: Ukuhlola izithiyo noma umonakalo ongaphazamisa ukuhamba komoya.
– I-Thermostat: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza kahle ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukufudumala okungaphansi.
Izinkinga ezivamile ezingase ziphakame zifaka phakathi ukuvuza kwe-coolant, i-thermostat engasebenzi kahle, iphampu yamanzi engasebenzi kahle, noma ukuvaleka kwe-radiator. Ukubhekana nalokhu ngempumelelo kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo omkhulu wenjini.
Isiphetho
Uhlelo lokupholisa injini luyisici esiyinkimbinkimbi nesibalulekile, esilinganisela ukusebenza kahle kanye nobude besikhathi senjini ngokugcina amazinga okushisa afanele okusebenza. Kusukela ekujikelezeni kwe-coolant nge-block yenjini kuya ekushabalaleni kokushisa ku-radiator, ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ukusebenza kwemoto. Ngokulungiswa njalo nokuqonda ukusebenza kwesistimu, abashayeli bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izinjini zabo zihlala zisesimweni esihle kakhulu, zilungele noma yiluphi uhambo oluzayo.
