Ukusetyenziswa kweePhenol Compounds njenge-Antiseptics
Iikhompawundi zephenolic liqela leekhemikhali eziphilayo ezaziwa ngokuba ne-antimicrobial activity. Kwinkonzo yezempilo, i-phenol kunye ne-derivatives yayo yayikade idlala indima ephambili ekulawuleni usulelo, ingakumbi kwimihla yokuqala yeendlela zanamhlanje zokubulala iintsholongwane. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuthatyathelwe indawo kakhulu yi-antiseptics ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo kwizicubu, ukuqonda i-phenol kusabalulekile—ngokuphathelele imbali yayo, indlela esebenza ngayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye ne-antiseptic.
Zithini iiPhenol Compounds?
I-Phenol yi-compound enuka kamnandi eneqela le-hydroxyl (-OH) edityaniswe ngqo kwiringi ye-benzene. Olu lwakhiwo lunika i-phenol iipropati zayo ezikhethekileyo: kwelinye icala, ineempawu ezifana notywala (ngenxa yeqela le--OH), kodwa kwelinye icala, ichaphazeleka kukuzinza kweringi enuka kamnandi, okwandisa ukuphinda isebenze. Ngokwenyani, igama elithi "phenol compound" alibhekiseli kuphela kwi-phenol ecocekileyo (i-carbolic acid), kodwa nakwizinto eziphuma kuyo ezifana ne-cresol, i-chlorophenol, i-thymol, i-hexachlorophene, kunye nezinye ii-phenolics ezininzi ezenzelwe ukwandisa ukusebenza okanye ukunciphisa ukucaphuka.
Imbali yePhenol kwi-Antiseptics
I-Phenol yafumana udumo kwimbali yezonyango ngoJoseph Lister kwinkulungwane ye-19. ULister wasebenzisa i-phenol ukubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zotyando nokucoca amanxeba, nto leyo eyanciphisa kakhulu usulelo emva kotyando. Ngeli xesha, ukuqonda iintsholongwane njengesizathu sosulelo kwakusaqala ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi. Indlela kaLister yabeka isiseko sengcamango yanamhlanje yokulwa nosulelo: ukuthintela usulelo ngokubulala okanye ukuthintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane kwizicubu eziphilayo kunye nomphezulu wezixhobo.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwe-phenol ecocekileyo ekunyamekeleni amanxeba ngoku kunqabile ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokubola kunye netyhefu, igalelo layo kuphuhliso lolawulo losulelo libe likhulu. I-Phenol ikwaye "ngumgangatho wokuthelekisa" wokuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antiseptics ezintsha ngokusebenzisa ingcamango ye-phenol coefficient, umlinganiselo wokusebenza kakuhle kwesibulali-ntsholongwane xa kuthelekiswa ne-phenol ngokuchasene neebhaktheriya ezithile.
Indlela yokusebenza kwePhenol njenge-Antiseptic
Umsebenzi we-phenol wokubulala iintsholongwane uvela ikakhulu kubuchule bayo bokuphazamisa izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo kwiiseli ze-microbial. Indlela esebenza ngayo ingachazwa ngeenkqubo ezininzi eziphambili:
1. Ukuguquka kweproteni
I-Phenol inokubangela ukuba iiproteni ze-microbial zilahlekelwe bubume bazo obunemilinganiselo emithathu (denaturation). Xa iiproteni—kuquka ii-enzyme—zonakele, iiseli azikwazi ukwenza iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ze-metabolic, nto leyo ebangela ukuyeka ukukhula okanye ukufa kweeseli.
2. Ukonakala kwee-membrane zeseli
I-Phenol idla ngokubangela ukuba ingasebenzi kakuhle, nto leyo evumela ukuba idibane nezinto ezikwi-lipid ze-cell membranes. Olu nxibelelwano luyandisa ukungena kwe-membrane kwaye lubangela ukuvuza komxholo weseli, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni kweentsholongwane.
3. Ukungasebenzi kwee-enzyme
Ngaphandle kokuba yingozi isakhiwo seprotheyini, i-phenol inokuphazamisana nomsebenzi wee-enzyme ezithile ezibalulekileyo ekuzaleni nasekusindeni kweebhaktheriya kunye neefungi.
Ngenxa yendlela esebenza ngayo "ngokubanzi" malunga nolwakhiwo lweseli, i-phenol kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo zinokusebenza kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kukugxila, ixesha lokudibana, uhlobo lweentsholongwane, kunye nokubakho kwezinto eziphilayo ezifana negazi okanye i-pus.
I-Spectrum yeMisebenzi ye-Antimicrobial
Ngokubanzi, i-phenol iyasebenza ngokuchasene:
– Iibhaktheriya ezinegram, ezidla ngokuba nobuthathaka ngakumbi.
– Iintsholongwane ezingenayo igram, nangona ezinye iintlobo zinokumelana ngakumbi.
– Iifungi, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezithile.
– Iintsholongwane ezigqunyiweyo, kuba umonakalo kwi-lipid membrane unokubangela ukuba intsholongwane ingasebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, i-phenol ayisebenzi kakuhle kwiintsholongwane. Iintsholongwane zinophawu olukhuselayo oluzenza zikwazi ukumelana nezibulali-ntsholongwane ezininzi. Ke ngoko, i-phenol ayilokhetho olukhethwayo kwiimfuno zokubulala iintsholongwane ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Iifom kunye nokusetyenziswa kwePhenol kunye neZinto eziphuma kuyo
Kwiimeko zanamhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kwe-phenol njenge-antiseptic ethe ngqo eluswini okanye emanxebeni kuncinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, izinto eziphuma kwi-phenol zisafumaneka kakhulu kwiimveliso zokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane.
1. Umxube weCresol kunye ne-phenolic
IiCresols (o-, m-, p-cresol) zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezibulali-ntsholongwane eziphezu komhlaba, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezingezizo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ii-phenolic compounds zikwasetyenziswa kumgangatho, eludongeni, nakwiindawo zangasese kuba zizinzile kwaye zisebenza kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
2. I-Chloroxylenol (PCMX)
Esinye isithako se-phenol esidumileyo kwiimveliso ze-antiseptic yi-chloroxylenol, okanye i-PCMX. Esi sithako sifumaneka kwezinye izinto ze-antiseptic liquids kunye neesepha kuba sikhuselekile kune-phenol ecocekileyo, nangona sinokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa kubantu abanobuthathaka.
3. I-Thymol
I-Thymol yi-terpenoid phenol efumaneka kwioyile ye-thyme. I-Thymol inomsebenzi wokulwa neentsholongwane kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindlela zokuhlamba umlomo, kwiindlela zokubulala iintsholongwane ezithambileyo, nakwezinye iindlela zesikhumba.
4. I-Hexachlorophene
Yayikhe yasetyenziswa kwiisepha zokubulala iintsholongwane, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulinganiselwe ngenxa yomngcipheko wetyhefu, ingakumbi kwiintsana, kunye nethuba lokufunxwa lusu.
Kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba uninzi lwee-phenol derivatives zibizwa ngokuchanekileyo njengezibulali-ntsholongwane kwiindawo ezingaphiliyo kunezibulali-ntsholongwane kwizicubu eziphilayo, kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo kunye nokwakheka kwemveliso.
Iingenelo zeePhenol Compounds
Iikhompawundi zephenolic zinezibonelelo ezininzi ezenza ukuba ziqwalaselwe kwicandelo lococeko lokusingqongileyo:
– Isebenza kakuhle kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo xa zinomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo.
– Izinzile kwaye ingasebenza kuluhlu oluthile lwe-pH.
– Umsebenzi uhlala uhleli nokuba akukho zinto zininzi eziphilayo, nangona ukusebenza kwawo kusenokuncipha ukuba kukho ukungcola okuninzi.
– Iindleko ezifikelelekayo kakhulu kwezinye iintlobo ze-phenolic disinfectants.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, izibulali-ntsholongwane ze-phenolic zisasetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke okanye kwiindawo zococeko, nangona ukhetho lwezixhobo ngokubanzi lulandela imigangatho nemigaqo yendawo.
Imida kunye neengozi zokusetyenziswa
Nangona isebenza kakuhle, i-phenol kunye nezinye zezinto eziphuma kuyo zinemida emininzi ebalulekileyo:
1. Iyacaphukisa kwaye iyakonakalisa
I-Phenol inokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa lusu, amehlo kunye nokuphefumla, kwanokutsha kweekhemikhali xa zinomlinganiselo ophezulu.
2. Ubuthi obusemzimbeni
I-Phenol inokufunxwa lusu kwaye ibangele iziphumo ezinobuthi ezifana nesiyezi, ukuphefumla okunzima, kunye nomonakalo wamalungu omzimba xa uchaphazeleka kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kolusu kufuneka kuncitshiswe kakhulu kwaye imiyalelo yokhuseleko kufuneka ilandelwe.
3. Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo
Ukusela Iikhompawundi zephenolic zinokuba yingozi kwaye zingapheli kwizidalwa zasemanzini ukuba zilahlwa ngokungakhathali. Ulawulo lwenkunkuma kufuneka luqwalaselwe.
4. Ayisebenzi ekubulaleni iintsholongwane kwiispores
Kwiimfuno zokubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zonyango ezikumgangatho ophezulu, i-phenol ayilokhetho oluphambili xa ithelekiswa neearhente ezifana ne-autoclaving, i-glutaraldehyde, okanye i-hydrogen peroxide eneendlela ezithile.
Imigaqo Yokusetyenziswa Ngokukhuselekileyo
Ukuba usebenzisa iimveliso zokubulala iintsholongwane okanye izibulali-ntsholongwane ezine-phenol okanye izinto eziphuma kuyo, eminye imigaqo eqhelekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yile:
– Sebenzisa ngokwelebheli kunye noxinzelelo olucetyiswayo.
– Qinisekisa ukuba umoya ungena kakuhle, ingakumbi xa usetyenziswa kwigumbi elivaliweyo.
– Kuphephe ukudibana namehlo namanxeba avulekileyo ngaphandle kokuba imveliso yenzelwe loo njongo ngokukodwa.
– Nxiba iiglavu xa kuyimfuneko, ingakumbi xa kususwa iintsholongwane kumphezulu.
– Gcina kude nabantwana kwaye ungaxubi nezinye iikhemikhali ngaphandle kwesikhokelo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-phenol compounds njenge-antiseptics kunentsingiselo yembali neyenzululwazi, inegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kolawulo losulelo. I-Phenol isebenza ngokuphazamisa iiproteni kunye nee-membrane zeeseli zee-microorganisms, ngaloo ndlela ithintela okanye ibulale iibhaktheriya kunye nefungi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomngcipheko wokucaphuka kunye nobutyhefu, i-phenol ecocekileyo ayisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizicwili eziphilayo. Endaweni yoko, ezinye ii-phenol derivatives zisasetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezithile ze-antiseptic kwaye ngokubanzi njengezibulali-ntsholongwane ezingaphezulu komhlaba. Ukuqonda iindlela zazo, iingenelo kunye nemingcipheko kusinceda sikhethe kwaye sisebenzise ii-antiseptics ngokufanelekileyo, ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye njengoko kufuneka.
Ukuba unqwenela, ndingongeza necandelo elithi "uthelekiso lwe-phenol notywala, i-chlorhexidine, kunye ne-povidone-iodine" okanye ndenze inguqulelo yesifundo senqaku epheleleyo kunye neengcaphuno.
