Ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kweIndonesia namanye amazwe
I-Indonesia, njengelizwe elikhulu kwihlabathi elinobuqhophololo obuphakathi koLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya nolwePasifiki, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindlela zobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko inabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-270, i-Indonesia lilizwe lesine elinabemi abaninzi emhlabeni kwaye lelesithathu ngobukhulu kwintando yesininzi. Ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe e-Indonesia buphuhlile ngokukhawuleza ukusukela oko yabhengezwa inkululeko yayo ngo-1945. Ngezivumelwano ezahlukeneyo, izivumelwano, kunye nentsebenziswano, i-Indonesia iphumelele ekusekeni ubudlelwane obuzuzisayo namanye amazwe amaninzi. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola nzulu indlela ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe e-Indonesia namanye amazwe obuphuhliswe ngayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Imbali yoBudlelwane baMazwe ngaMazwe baseIndonesia
Uphuhliso lobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe e-Indonesia lwaqala emva kokuba ilizwe libhengeze inkululeko yalo nge-17 ka-Agasti 1945. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, i-Indonesia yayigxile kakhulu ekufumaneni ukuqatshelwa kwamanye amazwe nge-diplomacy. Ukuqatshelwa kokuqala kwavela e-Egypt ngo-1947. Oku kwalandelwa luthotho lokuqatshelwa kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ekugqibeleni, iNetherlands yanikezela kulawulo lwase-Indonesia nge-27 kaDisemba 1949.
Imbali yezopolitiko yase-Indonesia ikwaphawulwa ngendima yayo ebalulekileyo kwi-Non-Aligned Movement, eyayijolise ekugcineni isikhundla esingathathi cala phakathi kwengxwabangxwaba yeMfazwe ebandayo phakathi kwe-Western bloc eyayikhokelwa yi-United States kunye ne-Eastern bloc eyayikhokelwa yi-Soviet Union. KwiNgqungquthela yase-Asia-Afrika ngo-1955 eBandung, e-Indonesia, kunye ne-India, i-Egypt, iGhana, kunye namanye amazwe, bakhokela iziseko ze-Non-Aligned Movement.
I-ASEAN: Intsika Ephambili Yentsebenziswano Yesithili
Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ekugxilwe kuzo kwidiplomacy yase-Indonesia ngummandla waseMzantsi-mpuma Asia . Ngo-1967, i-Indonesia, kunye neThailand, iMalaysia, iSingapore, kunye nePhilippines, zaseka i-ASEAN (i-Association of Southeast Asian Nations). I-ASEAN isebenza njengeqonga eliphambili lase-Indonesia lentsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho , kwezopolitiko, nakwezokhuseleko kulo mmandla.
Njengomnye wamalungu aseka i-ASEAN, i-Indonesia idlala indima ebonakalayo kulo mbutho. I-Indonesia izama ukuseka i-ASEAN njengeNdawo yoXolo, iNkululeko, kunye nokungathathi cala (i-ZOPFAN). Impumelelo yezopolitiko yase-Indonesia kwi-ASEAN ibonakala kwindima yayo njengomlamli kwiingxabano ezibandakanya amazwe angamalungu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa koqoqosho nge-ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).
Ubudlelwane naMazwe amakhulu
eMelika Serikat
Ubudlelwane be-Indonesia ne-United States I-Indonesia iphuhle kakuhle ukusukela oko yafumana inkululeko. I-United States yenye yamaqabane aphambili ezorhwebo e-Indonesia kunye nemithombo yotyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwala mazwe mabini buqiniswe yintsebenziswano kumacandelo omkhosi, ezemfundo, kunye nezempilo. Iinkqubo ezifana neFulbright Scholarship kunye ne-USAID zimizekelo ebonakalayo yale ntsebenziswano.
iTshayina
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-Indonesia ne-China buye baba nempumelelo naphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela oko kwasekwa ubudlelwane bezonxibelelwano ngo-1990, intsebenziswano phakathi kwala mazwe mabini iye yaqina ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwicandelo lezoqoqosho. I-China iye yaba liqabane elikhulu lezorhwebo e-Indonesia kwaye ityale imali eninzi kwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso nge-Belt and Road Initiative yayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imingeni kubudlelwane oku, ingakumbi malunga namabango endawo kuLwandle lwaseSouth China.
Japhan
IJapan ibisoloko ingomnye wamaqabane abalulekileyo e-Indonesia. Utyalo-mali lwaseJapan kumacandelo eemoto, emveliso, nakwiziseko zophuhliso lube negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwase-Indonesia. Ngaphezu koko, uncedo lobuchwephesha kunye nentsebenziswano kwimfundo noqeqesho kuncede ekuphuculeni amandla abasebenzi base-Indonesia.
Intsebenziswano Yamazwe Ngamazwe
Ngaphandle kwe-ASEAN, i-Indonesia ikwasebenza kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe efana neZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN), i-World Trade Organisation (WTO), i-Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), kunye ne-G20. Ubulungu be-Indonesia kwi-G20, umzekelo, bunika ilizwe ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba ekwenzeni izigqibo zehlabathi kwimiba yezoqoqosho neyezemali.
Njengelungu leZizwe eziManyeneyo, i-Indonesia ithumele amajoni amaninzi okugcina uxolo kwiindawo ze-UN kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Oku kuyinxalenye yokuzibophelela kwe-Indonesia ekugcineni uxolo nokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Imingeni kunye namathemba exesha elizayo
Nangona iphumelele kakhulu, i-Indonesia isajongene nemingeni emininzi kubudlelwane bayo bamazwe ngamazwe. Imiba efana notshintsho lwemozulu, ubugrogrisi, ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu, kunye nokufuduka kwabantu kufuna ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kwidiplomacy yase-Indonesia. Ngaphezu koko, ukhuphiswano lwezopolitiko kummandla we-Asia-Pacific, ngakumbi phakathi kwe-United States ne-China, lufuna ukulumka kunye nokuqonda kwisenzo sediplomacy.
Amathemba ekamva lobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe e-Indonesia aqaqambile ukuba eli lizwe lingasebenzisa isikhundla salo njengelizwe elinamandla amakhulu kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo. Ukwahlukahluka kwezoqoqosho, ukwanda kwamandla ezobuchwepheshe, kunye nemfundo zibalulekile ekubeni i-Indonesia ibe ngumdlali olawulayo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukuqukumbela
Ubudlelwane be-Indonesia namanye amazwe bubonakalisa ukuzinikela kwayo ekudlaleni indima ebonakalayo ekugcineni uxolo, ukhuseleko kunye nempumelelo yehlabathi. Ukusukela oko yafumana inkululeko, i-Indonesia iseke ubudlelwane obahlukeneyo bezobudlelwane obuzuzisayo namazwe amaninzi, kuwo omabini amazwe nakwihlabathi liphela. Ngokuthatha kwayo inxaxheba kwi-ASEAN nakwezinye imibutho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe, i-Indonesia iyaqhubeka nokuzama ukwakha intsebenziswano esondeleyo neyakhayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokujongana nemingeni ekhoyo kunye nokusebenzisa onke amathuba avelayo, i-Indonesia inamandla amakhulu okuphucula indima yayo kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Imizamo yozakuzo eqhubekayo kunye nomgaqo -nkqubo wezangaphandle oguquguqukayo zibalulekile kwi-Indonesia ukugcina nokuphucula ubudlelwane bayo namanye amazwe. Olu luhambo kunye nokuguquguquka kobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe i-Indonesia eqalise kulo, olubonisa kungekuphela nje ixabiso lesizwe kodwa kunye negalelo elibalulekileyo kuxolo lwehlabathi kunye nokuchuma.
