Impembelelo Yemisebenzi Yabantu Kwi-Rock Cycle
Umjikelo welitye yinkqubo yendalo etshintsha iintlobo zelitye ngokuhamba kwexesha emhlabeni. Iqulathe iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zelitye: igneous, sedimentary, kunye ne-metamorphic, ezisebenzisana kwaye zitshintsha ngothotho lweenkqubo zomzimba, zekhemikhali, nezebhayoloji. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yabantu ichaphazele kakhulu lo mjikelo, itshintsha isantya, ubunzulu, kunye necala lokutshintsha kwelitye.
Ukuhlola kunye nokumbiwa kweMithombo yeziMbiwa
Ukwemba nokuhlola izimbiwa yimisebenzi emikhulu yabantu etshintsha ngokuthe ngqo umphezulu woMhlaba kwaye ichaphazele umjikelo welitye. Iimigodi ezinkulu ezivulekileyo, ezifana nezo zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha amalahle, i-iron ore, kunye nezinye izinyithi, zinokutshabalalisa iileya zelitye le -sedimentary kunye ne-metamorphic, nto leyo ebangela ukusasazwa kwakhona okukhulu kweziqwenga zamatye ngexesha elifutshane. Ngaphezu koko, ukwemba phantsi komhlaba kukwachaphazela isakhiwo se-geological phantsi komphezulu woMhlaba, nto leyo enokubangela ukungazinzi kwe-geological njengokudilika komhlaba kunye neenyikima ezenziweyo.
Ubukho bemigodi buhlala buhamba neenkqubo zokucocwa kwezimbiwa kunye nokulungiswa kwazo, nto leyo ekwanegalelo kungcoliseko lweekhemikhali olunokungena kumjikelo welitye . Ukuphuma kwemigodi ye-asidi (i-AMD) yingxaki enkulu yokusingqongileyo ebangelwa yi-oxidation yezimbiwa ze-sulfide kwimigodi, nto leyo ebangela amanzi ane-asidi eninzi egcwele izinyithi ezinzima. Ezi zingcolisi azitshintshi nje kuphela umhlaba ongaphezulu kodwa zinokungena emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba, zichaphazele amatye kunye nomhlaba kwiindawo ezinkulu.
Ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye neziseko zophuhliso
Ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye nophuhliso olukhulu lweziseko zophuhliso nako kuchaphazela umjikelo wamatye . Le misebenzi ifuna ukususwa komhlaba omninzi kunye namatye okwakhiwa kweendlela, izakhiwo, kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Ukumba iziseko zezakhiwo, iitonela, kunye neebhulorho kunokuphazamisa iileya zamatye, kukhawulezise iinkqubo zeekhemikhali kunye nokuguquka kwemozulu, kwaye kukhawulezise ukukhukuliseka kwendawo engqongileyo.
Iindawo eziqinileyo ezifana neendlela nezakhiwo zinciphisa ukungena kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwaye zinokutshintsha ukuhamba komphezulu kunye neepatheni zokukhukuliseka komhlaba. Ngaphezu koko, le misebenzi itshintsha uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kuqweqwe loMhlaba, olunokubangela iinyikima ezincinci okanye lubangele ukudilika komhlaba. Imisebenzi yokugrumba, kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-geothermal kunye neoyile, ikwabangela ukuncitshiswa kwamatye angaphantsi komhlaba, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ze-geotechnical kunye neentlekele zemvelo.
Utshintsho lweMozulu kunye nokukhutshwa kweKhabhoni
Imisebenzi yabantu efana nokutshiswa kwamafutha efosili kunye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kukhokelele ekwandeni kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside (CO2), nto leyo enegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela. Utshintsho lwemozulu luchaphazela umjikelo wamatye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
1. Ukuhla kweMozulu okuKhawulezayo kwaMatye: Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye notshintsho kwiipateni zemvula kunokukhawulezisa ukuhla kweMozulu kwamatye. Umzekelo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nemvula ene-asidi ebangelwa kukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-CO2 kunye ne-sulfur dioxide (SO2) emoyeni kunegalelo ekuhla kweMozulu okukhawulezileyo kwamakhemikhali.
2. Ukunyibilika kweqhwa: Ukunyibilika komkhenkce kwiindawo ezisemantla nakwiintaba kubangela ukwehla komthwalo kumphezulu womhlaba, nto leyo enokutshintsha uxinzelelo kumaleko welitye elingaphantsi komhlaba, nto leyo enokubangela umsebenzi wokunyikima kunye notshintsho kwindlela amanzi ahamba ngayo kunye neepatheni zedaka.
3. Ukunyuka koMgangatho woLwandle: Ukunyuka koMgangatho woLwandle ngenxa yokunyibilika komkhenkce kubangela ukukhukuliseka konxweme kunye nokusasazwa kwakhona kwenkunkuma enkulu yonxweme, nto leyo echaphazela inkqubo yokwakheka kwenkunkuma kunye nokwenziwa kwamatye enkunkuma.
4. Utshintsho kwiZityalo: Utshintsho kwimozulu lunokutshintsha izityalo ezikhula kwiindawo ezithile, lutshintshe izinga lokukhukuliseka komhlaba kunye neenkqubo ze-bio-geomorphological ezichaphazela amatye aphezu komhlaba.
Impembelelo yoShishino
Amashishini ahlukeneyo abangela utshintsho lweekhemikhali kunye nolwezinto ezibonakalayo kumjikelo wamatye. Umzekelo, ishishini lesamente lifuna ilimestone, enciphisa amatye e-carbonate axhasa izakhiwo ezininzi zejoloji. Ukulungiswa kwelimestone kukwavelisa i-CO2, igesi yegreenhouse.
Ishishini lezitena lisebenzisa udongwe nezinye izixhobo zejoloji, nto leyo echaphazela umjikelo wamatye angaphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukwembiwa kwesanti, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikunxweme, kusongela uzinzo lwejoloji kwezi ndawo kwaye kuphazamisa umjikelo oqhelekileyo wokwenziwa kwesanti.
Ukuvuselelwa kunye nokunciphisa imeko
Iimpendulo zabantu ekonakaleni kwendalo zibandakanye imizamo yokuvuselela ejolise ekubuyiseleni iindawo zemigodi nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zophuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso. Ukulungiswa komhlaba ombiweyo, ukuhlaziywa kwamahlathi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zobunjineli be-geotechnical ezifana nokufaka imijelo kunye neziseko ezikhuselekileyo ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iimpembelelo ezimbi.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kusebenza kudla ngokuthintelwa bubunzima beenkqubo zejoloji kunye nexesha elifunekayo ukuze iinkqubo zendalo zibuyisele ulungelelwano. Ukunciphisa imisebenzi yabantu ngemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo, ukukhuthaza iindlela zokumba ezizinzileyo, kunye nokuphakamisa ulwazi lwehlabathi ngokubaluleka kokugcina ulungelelwano lwejoloji kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza komjikelo wamatye.
Ukuqukumbela
Imisebenzi yabantu inempembelelo enkulu kumjikelo wamatye oMhlaba. Ukwembiwa kwemithombo, ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye namashishini zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela kakubi isantya kunye nendlela yokutshintsha kwamatye. Ukuze kugcinwe ulungelelwano kunye nokuzinza komjikelo wamatye, kufuneka imizamo edibeneyo yokunciphisa iimpembelelo ezimbi zemisebenzi yabantu ngemithetho engqongqo, iindlela ezizinzileyo, kunye nemizamo yokuvuselela okusingqongileyo. Ukwazisa kunye nenyathelo lokuthintela kwinqanaba lehlabathi kubalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo lweplanethi yethu kunye nomjikelo wayo wamatye.
