Kamano Pakeng tsa Bolumeli le Thuto ea Sechaba
Thuto ea bolumeli le thuto ea kahisano e kopana ka botebo, e ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea sechaba sa batho. Makala ka bobeli a teba likarolong tsa bohlokoa tsa bophelo ba motho, leha ho le joalo ka maikutlo a fapaneng. Bolumeli, boo hangata bo nkoang e le tumelo ea motho ka mong kapa tsamaiso ea tumelo e kopaneng, bo boholo ebile boa fapana. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, thuto ea kahisano e shebane le ho ithuta sechaba le boitšoaro ba sechaba. Tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa libaka tsena tse peli e fana ka lesela le letle la ho hlahloba hore na litumelo li bopa meaho ea sechaba joang le hore na lichaba li susumetsa mekhoa ea bolumeli joang.
Ho Utloisisa Bolumeli ka Kahisano
Bolumeli, maemong a kahisano, bo fetela ka nqane ho bomoea ba motho ka mong mme bo ama kamano ya tshebedisano-mmoho pakeng tsa ditsamaiso tsa tumelo le mekgwa ya kahisano. Emile Durkheim, pula-maliboho thutong ya kahisano, o ile a bolela hore bodumedi ke moemedi wa motheo wa kutlwano setjhabeng. Mosebetsing wa hae wa bohlokwa, "The Elementary Forms of Religious Life," Durkheim o pheha kgang ya hore bodumedi bo sebetsa ho boloka mekgwa le mekgwa ya kahisano, ka hona bo kgothaletsa kutlwano ya kahisano.
Bolumeli bo susumetsa dibopeho tsa kahisano ka ho fana ka moralo wa boitshwaro le tlhaloso ya diphiri tsa boteng ba motho. Bo fana ka meetlo le dipale tse tshedisang tse thusang batho ho sebetsana le ho se tsitse le diphephetso tsa bophelo. Ditlhahlobo tsa kahisano tsa bodumedi di batla ho phutholla dibopeho tsena le mesebetsi ya tsona, ho utlwisisa kamoo di amang matla a kahisano, kutlwano le phetoho kateng.
Mesebetsi ea Sechaba ea Bolumeli
Bolumeli bo sebeletsa mesebetsi e 'maloa ea bohlokoa ea sechaba, bo sebetsa e le mohloli oa moelelo le morero, mokhoa oa taolo ea sechaba, le motšehetsi oa kopanyo ea sechaba le sechaba. Bo fana ka likarabo tsa lipotso tsa boteng ba bophelo, bo thusa batho ka bomong ho utloisisa liphihlelo tsa bona lefatšeng leo hangata le tletseng lintho tse sa reroang le mathata. Meetlo, lithuto le melao ea boitšoaro e kentsoeng ka har'a meetlo ea bolumeli li thusa ho laola boitšoaro, ho bopa mekhoa le litebello tsa sechaba.
Mohlala, thibelo ea bolumeli khahlanong le bosholu e bonts'a litlhoko tse pharaletseng tsa sechaba bakeng sa ts'ireletso le taolo. Ka ho kenya litaelo tsa boitšoaro ka har'a moralo oa bomolimo, bolumeli bo thusa ho tiisa ho lumellana le ho thibela boitšoaro bo khelohileng ka katleho ho feta melao ea lefatše feela e ka etsang joalo. Karolo ena ea mosebetsi oa sechaba oa bolumeli e totobatsa kamoo e kopanang le likarolo tsa kahisano ho susumetsa boitšoaro ba motho ka mong le ba sehlopha.
Bolumeli le Phetoho ea Sechaba
Leha bolumeli hangata bo khothalletsa botsitso sechabeng, bo ka boela ba ba sesosa sa phetoho sechabeng. Ho tloha khale e bile matla a maholo mekhatlong ea sechaba, e fanang ka motheo oa khopolo-taba le sebopeho sa mokhatlo se hlokahalang ho phephetsa litaelo tse renang sechabeng. Mokhatlo oa litokelo tsa botho United States, o etelletsoeng pele ke baetapele ba kang Martin Luther King Jr., o bontša kamoo likhopolo le litsi tsa bolumeli li ka susumetsang phetoho sechabeng.
Max Weber, setsebi se seng sa kahisano, o ile a hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa bolumeli le phetoho ea sechaba bukeng ea "Boitšoaro ba Boprostanta le Moea oa Bokapitalise." Weber o hlahloba kamoo Boprostanta, haholo-holo Bokalvini, bo thusitseng ho susumetsa nts'etsopele ea bokapitalise ka ho khothaletsa litekanyetso tse kang mosebetsi o boima, ho beha litholoana le katleho ea moruo e le matšoao a kamohelo ea bomolimo. Tlhahlobo ena e totobatsa litsela tse rarahaneng tseo litumelo tsa bolumeli li ka bopang litsamaiso tsa moruo le tsa kahisano.
Mekhatlo ea Bolumeli le Maemo a Sechaba
Mekhatlo ea bolumeli ha se feela bathusi ba mekhoa ea sechaba; hangata ba bonahatsa le ho matlafatsa karohano ea sechaba. Li ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntšetseng pele le ho phephetsa ho se lekane ha sechaba. Tsamaiso ea maemo a sechaba India, e kopaneng ka botebo le lithuto tsa bolumeli tsa Mahindu, e bontša kamoo litumelo tsa bolumeli li ka tšehetsang tsamaiso e thata ea sechaba. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithuto tse fapaneng tsa tokoloho, tse ileng tsa hlaha Latin America, li hlalosa lithuto tsa Bokreste e le pitso ea ho loantša khatello le ho hloka toka, li totobatsa bokhoni ba bolumeli ba ho phephetsa karohano ea sechaba.
Likamano le mekhoa ea bolumeli le tsona li kopana le likarohano tse ling tsa sechaba, tse kang morabe, maemo le bong. Mohlala, malumeli a mangata a bolumeli a na le mesebetsi ea boetapele e lekanyelitsoeng ho banna, e leng se matlafatsang ho se lekane ha bong. Leha ho le joalo, mekhatlo ea mehleng ena ka har'a meetlo e fapaneng ea bolumeli e ntse e buella tekano ea bong ka ho eketsehileng, e bonts'a liphetoho tse pharaletseng tsa sechaba tse lebisang ho kenyeletsoa le tekano.
Ho se be le Bolumeli le Tšusumetso ea Bona
Khopolo ea ho se lumele bolumeling — mokhoa oo ka oona bolumeli bo lahleheloang ke tšusumetso ea bona holim'a likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ba sechaba — e bile ntlha ea bohlokoa thutong ea kahisano. Khopolo ea ho se lumele bolumeling e bolela hore ha lichaba li ntse li fetoha tsa sejoale-joale le tse utloahalang, tšusumetso ea bolumeli ea fokotseha. Khopolo-taba ena e tsamaisana le lintho tse hlokometsoeng tsa ho khomarela bolumeli ho ntseng ho hola lichabeng tse ngata tsa Bophirimela ha saense, theknoloji le likhopolo-taba tsa bolumeli li ntse li ata haholo.
Leha ho le jwalo, ho se rate bodumedi ha se ntho e etsahalang lefatsheng lohle. Dikarolong tse ngata tsa lefatshe, bodumedi bo ntse bo le karolo e matla le ya bohlokwa bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho feta moo, esita le metseng e sa rateng bodumedi, mefuta e metjha ya bomoya le bodumedi e a hlahella, e ikamahanya le maemo a sejwalejwale. Phetoho ena e bontsha kamano e rarahaneng pakeng tsa tumelo ya bodumedi le phetoho ya kahisano, e phephetsa kgopolo ya hore ho se rate bodumedi ho lebisa ho putlameng ha bodumedi.
Thuto ea Sechaba ea Bolumeli Kajeno
Thuto ea bolumeli ea mehleng ena e ntse e tsoela pele ho hlahloba likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ba bolumeli. Litaba tse kang bongata ba bolumeli, puisano ea malumeli a fapaneng, le ho phahama ha mekhatlo e mecha ea bolumeli ke libaka tsa lipatlisiso tse mafolofolo. Tšusumetso ea ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše le ho falla mekhoeng le litumelong tsa bolumeli le eona e hlahisa mobu o nonneng oa lipatlisiso tsa kahisano.
Litsebi tsa kahisano li hlahloba kamoo ho hokahana ha lefats'e ho khothalletsang phapanyetsano ea bolumeli le ho kopanngoa ha mekhoa ea bolumeli. Hangata lichaba tsa bafalli li tlisa meetlo ea bona ea bolumeli maemong a macha a setso, li susumetsa mekhoa ea bona le tikoloho ea bolumeli ea sechaba se amohelang. Tšebelisano ena e totobatsa ho phalla ha bolumeli le bokhoni ba bona ba ho ikamahanya le maemo le ho fetoha ho arabela liphetoho tsa kahisano le setso.
fihlela qeto e
Kamano pakeng tsa bolumeli le sosioloji e na le mahlakore a mangata ebile e fetoha. Bolumeli bo bopa bophelo ba kahisano ka tsela e kgolo, bo susumetsa mekgwa, ditekanyetso le boitshwaro ha ka nako e ts'oanang bo bopjwa ke maemo a kahisano le moruo le setso ao bo leng ho ona. Sosioloji e fana ka disebediswa tsa bohlokwa ho utlwisisa diketsahalo tsa bodumedi, e fana ka temohisiso ya hore na ditumelo le ditheo tsa bodumedi di sebetsa jwang ka hara ditsamaiso tse pharaletseng tsa kahisano.
Ho utloisisa kamano ena ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea liketsahalo tsa bolumeli le tsa sechaba, ho senola litsela tse tebileng tseo li hokahaneng ka tsona. Ebang ke ho boloka botsitso ba sechaba, ho susumetsa phetoho, kapa ho bonahatsa maemo a sechaba, bolumeli bo ntse bo le matla a sechaba. Ha lichaba li ntse li tsoela pele ho fetoha, motjeko o rarahaneng pakeng tsa bolumeli le matla a sechaba ntle ho pelaelo o tla lula e le sehlooho se seholo lipatlisisong tsa kahisano le lipuisanong.
