Bolelele ba Khoele, Boima ba Khoele, Maqhubu, le Mekhoa ea Khatello ea Khoele
Pengatar
Likhoele ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea liletsa tse ngata tsa 'mino, ho tloha ho likatara ho ea ho li-violin. Bolelele, boima, maqhubu le tsitsipano ea khoele li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho khetholleng molumo le boleng ba molumo oo e o hlahisang. Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka hore na liparamente tsena li amana joang ka fisiks le hore na li sebetsa joang ts'ebetsong, haholo-holo moelelong oa liletsa tsa 'mino.
Bolelele ba Khoele
Bolelele ba khoele (\(L\)) ke sebaka se pakeng tsa dintlha tse pedi moo khoele e hoketsweng kapa e tshwerweng teng. Diletswaneng tsa mmino, bolelele bona hangata bo lekanngwa ho tloha moo khoele e qalang ho thothomela ho fihlela moo e emisang ho thothomela.
Bolelele ba khoele bo ama maqhubu a eona a motheo. Ka kakaretso, ha khoele e le telele, maqhubu ao e a hlahisang a tlaase. Kamano pakeng tsa bolelele ba khoele le maqhubu a ka bonoa ho equation ea motheo bakeng sa leqhubu le emeng khoeleng:
\[ f = \frac{n}{2L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}} \]
Di mana:
– \( f \) ke maqhubu (Hz),
– \( n \) ke nomoro ya harmonic (1 bakeng sa maqhubu a motheo, 2 bakeng sa harmonic ya bobedi, jj.),
– \( L \) ke bolelele ba khoele (limithara),
– \( T \) ke kgatello ya thapo (Newton),
– \( \mu \) ke boima ka yuniti bolelele ba khoele (kg/m).
Khoele ea Khoele
Boima ba khoele (\(m\)) ke boima bohle ba khoele. Boima ka yuniti bolelele (\(\mu\)) ke boima ba khoele ka mithara e le 'ngoe ea bolelele ba khoele 'me bo hlalosoa ka tsela e latelang:
\[ \mu = \frac{m}{L} \]
Di mana:
– \( m \) ke boima bohle ba khoele (kg),
– \( L \) ke bolelele ba khoele (limithara).
Boima bona ka bolelele ba yuniti bo bohlokoa ho fumana hore na thothomelo ea khoele e thothomela hakae. Ha e le kholoanyane, thothomelo e hlahisoang ke khoele e ba tlase. Lebaka ke hobane likhoele tse boima li hloka matla a mangata ho thothomela ka thothomelo e fanoeng.
Maqhubu a Khoele
Maqhubu (\(f\)) ke palo ea ho thothomela ka motsotsoana e hlahisoang ke khoele. Maqhubu a motheo (\(f_1\)) a khoele e thothomelang ke maqhubu a tlase ka ho fetisisa 'me a ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ f_1 = \frac{1}{2L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}} \]
Maqhubu a harmonic a ka balwa ho sebediswa foromo ena, ka ho kenya nomoro ya harmonic sebakeng sa \(n\) ho equation:
\[ f_n = \frac{n}{2L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}} \]
Di mana:
– \( f_n \) ke maqhubu a harmonic ea nth (Hz),
– \( n \) ke nomoro e lumellanang.
Khatello ea Khoele
Kgatelelo (\(T\)) ke matla a sebediswang hodima thapo ho etsa hore e be thata. Kgatelelo ena e lekanngwa ho Newtons (N) mme ke ntlha ya bohlokwa e etsang qeto ya kgato ya ho thothomela ha thapo.
Haeba kgatello ya thapo e eketseha, kgafetsa ya ho thothomela le yona e tla eketseha. Kamano ena e ka hlaloswa ka ho sebedisa foromo ya motheo ya kgafetsa e boletsweng ka hodimo:
\[ f = \frac{1}{2L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}} \]
Ho tsoa foromong ena, re ka bona hore maqhubu a lekana ka ho toba le motso o sekoere oa motlakase. Sena se bolela hore haeba motlakase o imena habeli, maqhubu a tla eketseha ka ntlha ea motso o sekoere oa tse peli.
Mohlala oa Palo
A re shebeng mehlala e meng ea lipalo ho utloisisa kamano e pakeng tsa bolelele ba khoele, boima, maqhubu le tsitsipano hamolemo.
Mohlala oa 1: Ho Fumana Makhetlo a Khoele
A re re re na le khoele e bolelele ba mithara e le 'ngoe, boima bohle ba 0.01 kg, le tsitsipano ea 100 N. Re batla ho fumana hore na khoele ena e na le maqhubu a makae.
1. Bala boima ka bolelele ba yuniti:
\[ \mu = \frac{m}{L} = \frac{0.01}{1} = 0.01 \, \text{kg/m} \]
2. Sebelisa foromo ea motheo ea maqhubu:
\[ f_1 = \frac{1}{2L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}} \]
\[ f_1 = \frac{1}{2 \times 1} \sqrt{\frac{100}{0.01}} \]
\[ f_1 = \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{10000} \]
\[ f_1 = \frac{1}{2} \makgetlo a 100 \]
\[ f_1 = 50 \, \mongolo{Hz} \]
Kahoo, maqhubu a motheo a khoele ena ke 50 Hz.
Mohlala oa 2: Ho Fumana Motlakase o Hlokahalang
A re re re batla ho fumana kgatello e hlokahalang bakeng sa thapo e bolelele ba dimithara tse 0.5 le boima bohle ba 0.02 kg ho hlahisa maqhubu a motheo a 440 Hz (maqhubu a tloaelehileng a noto A).
1. Bala boima ka bolelele ba yuniti:
\[ \mu = \frac{m}{L} = \frac{0.02}{0.5} = 0.04 \, \text{kg/m} \]
2. Sebelisa foromo ea motheo ea maqhubu 'me u rarolle bakeng sa \(T\):
\[ f_1 = \frac{1}{2L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}} \]
\[ 440 = \frac{1}{2 \makgetlo a 0.5} \sqrt{\frac{T}{0.04}} \]
\[ 440 = \frac{1}{1} \sqrt{\frac{T}{0.04}} \]
\[ 440 = \sqrt{\frac{T}{0.04}} \]
\[ 440^2 = \frac{T}{0.04} \]
\[ 193600 = \frac{T}{0.04} \]
\[ T = 193600 \makhetlo a 0.04 \]
\[ T = 7744 \, \mongolo{N} \]
Kahoo, motlakase o hlokahalang ho hlahisa maqhubu a motheo a 440 Hz ke 7744 N.
Litšebeliso tse Sebetsang
1. Liletsa tsa 'Mino
Likhoele li sebelisoa liletsa tse fapaneng tsa 'mino, ho kenyeletsoa likatara, liviolin le lipiano. Ho utloisisa kamano pakeng tsa bolelele ba khoele, boima, maqhubu le tsitsipano ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lokisa seletsa hantle le ho hlahisa molumo o lakatsehang.
2. Theknoloji
Likhoele li boetse li sebelisoa theknolojing ea sejoale-joale, joalo ka li-sensor le lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya. Mohlala, sekala sa khatello se sebelisa liphetoho tsa khatello khoeleng ho lekanya phetoho le khatello thepa.
3. Lipatlisiso le Thuto
Thutong le lipatlisisong tsa fisiks, liteko tse nang le likhoele li sebelisoa ho ithuta maqhubu le ho thothomela. Sena se thusa baithuti ho utloisisa likhopolo tsa motheo fisiks ea maqhubu le molumo.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa mekhoa le likamano pakeng tsa bolelele ba khoele, boima, maqhubu le tsitsipano ho bohlokoa haholo-holo masimong a mangata, haholo-holo 'mino le theknoloji. Re sebelisa mekhoa ea motheo ea fisiks, re ka bala le ho bolela esale pele boitšoaro ba likhoele tlas'a maemo a fapaneng, ho re thusa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tse sebetsang, ho tloha ho lokiseng liletsa tsa 'mino ho ea ho litekanyo tse nepahetseng theknolojing ea sejoale-joale.
