Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Radio e Thehiloeng ho Raspberry Pi
Radio e ka utloahala e le theknoloji ea "khale", empa ke eona ntho e khahlang haholo: e bonolo, e ka tšeptjoang, 'me e ntse e le ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa merero ea boithabiso le ea thuto. Ka Raspberry Pi, u ka theha radio ea sejoale-joale, e tenyetsehang—e ka ba radio ea ho phallela inthaneteng, sebapali sa 'mino sa lehae, kapa esita le (ka module e eketsehileng) radio ea FM. Sengoloa sena se akaretsa mokhoa oa ho haha radio e thehiloeng ho Raspberry Pi ka tsela e sebetsang, ho tloha ho seta ha hardware ho ea ho tlhophiso ea software.
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1. Khopolo-taba ea Radio e Thehiloeng ho Raspberry Pi
Ka kakaretso, ho na le mekhoa e 'meli e meholo:
1. Radio ea Inthanete (E phallela)
Raspberry Pi e bapala dikgaso tsa seea-le-moea ho tsoa inthaneteng ka Wi-Fi/Ethernet. Ena ke mokhoa o bonolo le o tloaelehileng haholo, kaha ha o hloke lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa RF.
2. Radio ea FM/AM (ka sesebelisoa sa boikhethelo)
E hloka module ya tuner (mohlala, moamoheli wa FM ka I2C/SPI) kapa sesebediswa sa Software Defined Radio (SDR). Tlhophiso e rarahane haholo mme hangata e itshetlehile ka sesebediswa se sebediswang.
Sehloohong sena, sepheo se seholo ke Radio ea Inthanete hobane ke eona e bonolo ho ba qalang 'me e loketse ho qaptjoa ka nako e khutšoanyane.
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2. Lisebelisoa tse Hlokahalang
Mona ke lethathamo la likarolo tse khothaletsoang:
– Raspberry Pi (Pi 3/4/Zero 2 W e kgothaletswa)
– MicroSD bonyane 8–16 GB
– Phepelo ea motlakase e tsitsitseng (5V, motlakase ho latela mohlala oa Pi)
– Khokahano ea Inthanete (thapo ea Wi-Fi kapa LAN)
– Sephetho sa molumo:
– Libui tse sebetsang ka jeke ea 3.5mm (ho mehlala e tšehetsoeng), kapa
– Sepikara/amp ea USB, kapa
– DAC audio HAT (ha ho hlokahale, boleng bo betere)
– Mohlokomedi le keyboard (bakeng sa ho seta ha pele) kapa phihlello ya SSH
– Lebokose/lebokose la projeke (ha ho hlokahale, bakeng sa bohloeki)
Haeba o batla radio e nang le ditaolo tsa mmele, o ka eketsa:
– Konopo ea konopo, encoder e potolohang, kapa skrine ea OLED/LCD.
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3. Ho kenya Sistimi e Sebetsang ea Raspberry Pi
1. Khoasolla le ho kenya Raspberry Pi Imager ho PC/laptop ea hau.
2. Kenya microSD, ebe o benya Raspberry Pi OS Lite (ntle le komporo) bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e bolokang mehloli, kapa mofuta oa Desktop haeba u batla sebopeho sa litšoantšo.
3. Pele o ngola setshwantsho, o ka seta:
– Wi-Fi (SSID le phasewete)
– Lebitso la mosebedisi le phasewete
– Ts'ebetso ea SSH
4. Bula Raspberry Pi 'me u netefatse hore inthanete ea sebetsa.
Kamora ho kena tsamaisong, ntjhafatsa liphutheloana:
“`bash
sudo apt update
ho rata ho ntlafatsa -y
``
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4. Ho Beha Audio ho Raspberry Pi
Hlahloba lisebelisoa tsa molumo tse fumanoeng:
“`bash
bapala -l
``
Haeba o sebedisa modumo ka HDMI kapa jeke (ho itshetlehile ka mohlala), o ka kgetha tlhahiso ya kamehla. Diphetolelo tse ding tsa Raspberry Pi OS di tla hlophisa di-setting tsa modumo ka boiketsetso, empa o ka leka tlhahiso ka:
“`bash
teko ea sebui -t wav -c 2
``
Haeba o sebedisa karete ya modumo ya USB kapa DAC HAT, hangata e tla hlaha e le sesebediswa se setjha. Etsa bonnete ba hore tlhahiso ya hao e nepahetse ho utlwa radio.
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5. Ho kenya Sebapali sa Radio sa Inthanete (MPD + MPC)
E 'ngoe ea litsela tse tsitsitseng ka ho fetisisa ke ho sebelisa MPD (Music Player Daemon) ho bapala molumo le MPC e le molaoli ho tsoa ho terminal.
Kenya sephutheloana:
“`bash
sudo e loketse ho kenya -y mpd mpc
``
Etsa bonnete ba hore MPD e sebetsa:
“`bash
sudo systemctl e nolofalletsa mpd
sudo systemctl qala mpd
``
Boemo ba tlhahlobo:
“`bash
boemo ba systemctl mpd
``
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6. Ho eketsa Lenane la Liteishene tsa Radio
MPD e ka bapala melapo ea URL. O ka eketsa liteishene tsa seea-le-moea mananeng a MPD.
Mohlala oa ho eketsa molapo o le mong oa seea-le-moea:
“`bash
mpc eketsa http://streamurl-radio-anda:8000/stream
``
Ebe u bapala:
“`bash
mpc play
``
Ho sheba lenane:
“`bash
lenane la lipina la mpc
``
Theha Lenane la Lipapali la Seteishene leo u le Ratang
O ka theha faele ea lenane la lipina la `.m3u`:
1. Theha foldara ea lenane la lipina (haeba le le sieo):
“`bash
mkdir -p ~/manane a lipina
``
2. Theha faele:
“`bash
nano ~/manane a dipina/radio.m3u
``
3. Tlatsa li-URL tse ling tsa ho phallela, mohlala:
``
http://example.com/stream1
http://example.com/stream2
http://example.com/stream3
``
Li kenye ho MPD ka ho li kenya ka bonngoe kapa ka ho seta bukana ea hau ea 'mino/lenane la lipina tsa MPD. Tsela e potlakileng: li kenye ka kotloloho ho tsoa faeleng (ha ho hlokahala ho latela tlhophiso ea hau ea MPD), kapa kopitsa lenane la lipina ho foldara ea hau ea lenane la lipina tsa MPD (hangata `/var/lib/mpd/lenane la lipina tsa lipina/`).
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7. Tlhophiso ea MPD ho e Etsa Hore e Lokele Radio Haholoanyane
Fetola tlhophiso ea MPD:
“`bash
sudo nano /etc/mpd.conf
``
Likarolo tse ling tsa bohlokoa:
– Etsa bonnete ba hore molumo o ntshitsweng o nepahetse. Mehlala e tloaelehileng:
“`conf
tlhahiso_ea molumo {
mofuta oa "alsa"
lebitso "Sehlahisoa sa ALSA"
“software” ea mofuta oa mixer
}
``
– O ka seta buffer ho etsa hore phallo e tsitse haholoanyane (ha ho hlokahale, ho latela maemo a marang-rang).
Hang ha o qetile, qala MPD hape:
“`bash
sudo systemctl qala hape mpd
``
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8. Etsa hore Radio e Bulehe ka Bo eona ha e Buloa
Ho etsa hore Raspberry Pi e bapale radio hang ha e qala ho buloa:
1. Etsa sengoloa se bonolo, mohlala:
“`bash
nano ~/start-radio.sh
``
Dikahare:
“`bash
!/bin/bash
robala 5
mpc e hlakileng
mpc eketsa http://streamurl-radio-anda:8000/stream
bophahamo ba mpc 70
mpc play
``
Boloka ebe o fana ka tumello ea ho phethahatsa:
“`bash
chmod +x ~/start-radio.sh
``
2. Theha tšebeletso ea systemd:
“`bash
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/radio.service
``
Dikahare:
"Sena
[Sehlopha]
Tlhaloso=Radio e Iketsang
Kamora = netweke-online.target mpd.service
O batla = netweke-inthaneteng.target
[Tšebeletso]
Mosebelisi=pi
ExecStart=/home/pi/start-radio.sh
Qala bocha=ha e hlolehe
[Kenya]
WantedBy = multi -user.target
``
Nolofatsa:
“`bash
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl e nolofalletsa radio.service
sudo systemctl qala radio.service
``
Hlokomela: haeba lebitso la mosebelisi e se `pi`, lokisa tsela le `User=`.
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9. Ho eketsa Litaolo (Ha ho hlokahale)
Ho etsa hore e ikutloe eka ke radio ea 'nete, o ka eketsa li-control tsa 'mele:
– Konopo e latelang/E fetileng ho fetola liteishene:
– `mpc e latelang`
– `mpc e fetileng`
– Konopo ea ho bapala/ho emisa:
– `toggle ea mpc`
– `mpc stop`
– Sekhoutu sa rotary bakeng sa bophahamo ba modumo:
– `mpc volume +5`
– `mpc volume -5`
Ho kenya tshebetsong dikonopo, o ka sebedisa Python (GPIO) mme wa bitsa taelo ya `mpc`. Motswako ona o tumme haholo hobane o bonolo ebile o bonolo ho o ntshetsa pele.
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10. Malebela a Nts'etsopele le Tharollo ea Mathata
Mathata a mang a tloaelehileng le litharollo tsa 'ona:
1. Ha ho modumo
– Etsa bonnete ba hore molumo o ntshitsweng o nepahetse (sesebelisoa sa ALSA).
– Leka ho fetola sebui/karete ya modumo ya USB.
– Etsa bonnete ba hore bophahamo ha bo 0: `mpc bophahamo 80`
2. Phallo e etsahala nako le nako
– Sebelisa khokahano ea LAN haeba ho khoneha.
– Kenya tieho pele o bapala hodima boot (`robala 5` kapa `robala 10`).
– Khetha molapo o nang le bitrate e tlase.
3. MPD e ke ke ea bapala URL
– Leka ho netefatsa hore URL e nepahetse mme e ka buloa ho tsoa marang-rang a tšoanang.
– Etsa bonnete ba hore liphutheloana tsa tšehetso lia fumaneha (hangata li lekane ho Raspberry Pi OS ea morao-rao).
4. O batla sebopeho sa "radio" se eketsehileng
– Kenya karolo e ka pele e kang ncmpcpp (terminal UI), kapa u thehe UI e bonolo ea webo.
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Ho koala
Ho aha seea-le-moea se thehiloeng ho Raspberry Pi ke projeke e monate le e putsang. Ka ho kopanya MPD le MPC, o ka theha seea-le-moea se tsitsitseng sa inthanete se qalang ka bohona ha o qala, 'me se ka atolosoa habonolo ho kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse nang le likonopo tsa' mele, skrine e nyane, esita le mokotla o ikhethileng. Hang ha o se o fumane mofuta oa motheo, o ka nka bohato bo bong hape: eketsa skrine ea OLED ho bonts'a mabitso a liteishene, ho theha lenane la lisebelisoa tse behiloeng esale pele, kapa esita le ho eketsa module ea tuner bakeng sa seea-le-moea sa FM.
Haeba o batla, nka tswela pele ka mefuta e itseng haholoanyane: mohlala, lethathamo la diteishene tsa seea-le-moea tsa Indonesia (URL) tse seng di loketse ho sebediswa, mohlala wa khoutu ya Python bakeng sa switjha ya GPIO, kapa tataiso ya ho sebedisa DAC HAT bakeng sa boleng bo betere ba modumo.
