Ho fapoha ha lekhalo le le leng - mathata le litharollo
1. Leseli le nang le bolelele ba maqhubu ba 500 nm le feta ka hara lesoba la bophara ba 0.2 mm. Paterone ea diffraction skrineng e bohōle ba 60 cm. Fumana sebaka se pakeng tsa boholo bo bohareng le bonyane ba bobeli.
Tse tsejoang:
λ = 500 nm = 500 x 10 -9 m = 5 x 10 -7 m
d = 0.2 mm = 0.2 x 10 -3 m = 2 x 10 -4 m
l = 60 cm = 0.6 m
n = 2
O ne a batla : y?
Tharollo:
Bophara ba sekoti bo bonyenyane haholo ha bo bapisoa le sebaka se pakeng tsa sekoti le skrine e le hore sekhutlo se be senyenyane haholo (bophara ba sekoti setšoantšong se kaholimo bo atolositsoe). Sekhutlo se senyenyane hoo sin θ ≈ tan θ.
sebe θ ≈ tan θ = y / l = y / 0.6
Tekanyo ea d iffraction ka karohano e le 'ngoe (min ima ):
d sin θ = n λ
(2 x 10 -4 )(y/0,6) = (2)(5 x 10 -7 )
(2 x 10 -4 ) y = (0.6)(10 x 10 -7 )
(2 x 10 -4 ) y = 6 x 10 -7
y = (6 x 10 -7 ) / (2 x 10 -4 )
y = 3 x 10 -3
y = 0.003 m
y = 3 mm m
2. Leseli le le leng le nang le bolelele ba maqhubu ba 5000 Å (1 Å = 10 −10 m) le feta ka hara lesoba le le leng, le hlahisa paterone ea diffraction e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea pele joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong. Fumana bophara ba lesoba.
Tse tsejoang:
λ = 5000 Å = 5000 x 10 -10 m = 5 x 10 -7 m
sebe 30 o = 0,5
n = 1
Ho batloa: bophara ba lesoba (d)?
Tharollo:
d sin θ = n λ
d (0.5) = (1)(5 x 10 -7 )
d = (5 x 10 -7 ) / (0.5)
d = 10 x 10 -7 m
d = 1 x 10 -6 m
d = 1 x 10 -3 mm
d = 0.001 mm
Phapang e bolela ketsahalo eo maqhubu a hasanang ho yona ha a kopana le tshitiso kapa a feta ka hara lesoba. Ha lesedi le le leng (lesedi la bolelele bo le bong ba leqhubu) le feta ka hara lesoba le le leng, ha le tsamaye feela ka mola o otlolohileng; ho ena le hoo, le a hasana mme le bopa paterone ya phapang skrineng e behilweng ka mora lesoba.
Bakeng sa sekoti se le seng, tšobotsi ea mantlha ea paterone ea diffraction ke bophahamo bo boholo bo bohareng bo khanyang, bo pota-potiloeng ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli ke letoto la mafito a lefifi le a khanyang a fapanyetsanang (minima le maxima). Mona ke mokhoa oa ho utloisisa le ho hlalosa paterone ea diffraction ho tsoa sekoti se le seng:
- Bohareng bo Holimo: Moeli o khanyang o bohareng ke o matla le o pharaletseng ka ho fetisisa. Matla a fokotseha ha motho a tloha hole le boholo bo bohareng.
- Bonyane: Meeli e lefifi kapa minima li hlaha ka likhutlo e le hore: �sebe(�)=�� moo:
- ke bophara ba sekoti.
- ke bolelele ba leqhubu la lesedi.
- ke palo e felletseng, ntle le lefela (ke hore, ±1, ±2, ±3, …).
- Boholo: Pakeng tsa bonyane bona, ho na le maxima ea bobeli, empa ha e khanya haholo ho feta maxima ea bohareng 'me e fokotseha ka matla hole le bohareng.
- Sekoti se Sephara khahlanong le Sekoti se Sesesaane: Bophara ba boholo bo bohareng bo lekana ka tsela e fapaneng le bophara ba sekoti. Ke hore, sekoti se sesesaane se tla hlahisa boholo bo boholo bo bohareng le ka tsela e fapaneng.
- Bolelele ba Maqhubu a Malelele Khahlanong le Bolelele ba Maqhubu a Malelele Bolelele ba Maqhubu a Malelele: Maemo a hukung a minima le maxima a itshetlehile ka bolelele ba leqhubu. Maqhubu a malelele a tla hlahisa dipaterone tse hasaneng haholo ha di bapiswa le maqhubu a makgutshwane.
- Papiso le Double Slit: Paterone ea diffraction ea sekoti se le seng e fapane le paterone ea tšitiso ea sekoti se le seng, leha e le liketsahalo tse amanang. Haeba u na le sekoti se le seng, u ne u tla bona paterone ea tšitiso ea likhutlo tse 'maloa tse khanyang le tse lefifi. Leha ho le joalo, haeba likhutlo li ne li pharaletse ka ho lekaneng, sekoti se seng le se seng se ne se tla boela se hlahise paterone ea sona ea diffraction, e leng se lebisang phellong ea "enfelopo" moo matla a likhutlo tsa tšitiso a fetohang ka lebaka la diffraction ea sekoti se le seng.
Kutloisiso ea lipalo ea diffraction ea lesoba le le leng e sebelisa molao-motheo oa Huygens, o bolelang hore ntlha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ka pele ho leqhubu e ka nkoa e le mohloli oa maqhubu a chitja a bobeli a hasaneng ka lehlakoreng le ka pele. Ka ho kopanya phello ea maqhubu ana 'ohle, motho a ka fumana mokhoa oa diffraction.
Litšebelisong tse sebetsang le lilaboratoring, ho shebella mekhoa ea diffraction ea sekhechana se le seng ho ka sebelisoa ho fumana bolelele ba leqhubu la khanya kapa boholo ba sekhechana, ho latela liparamente tse ling.
