Karolo ea Tšepe ho Matla a Nchafatsoang
Bohlale ba tšepe, saense le theknoloji ea litšepe, bo bapetse karolo ea bohlokoa haholo tsoelo-peleng ea batho ho tloha ha ho qala Mehla ea Boronse. Mehleng ea kajeno, bohlokoa ba eona bo ntse bo totobatsoa ka matla a nchafatsoang. Ha tlhokomelo ea lefats'e ka bophara e ntse e eketseha nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng le ho fokotsa metsamao ea khabone, boqapi ba tšepe bo fetoha lintho tsa bohlokoa tse thusang theknoloji ea matla a nchafatsoang joalo ka matla a letsatsi, moea, metsi le geothermal. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba karolo e fapaneng ea bohlale ba tšepe sebakeng sa matla a nchafatsoang, ho hlakisa kamoo tsoelo-pele tšimong ena e susumetsang katleho, botsitso le ho phela hantle moruong.
Matla a letsatsi
Matla a letsatsi a eme ka pele ho phetoho ea matla a nchafatsoang, 'me metallurgy ke ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng katleho ea eona le botsitso ba eona. Liphanele tse ngata tsa letsatsi li entsoe ka silicon, e leng metalloid e hlokang lits'ebetso tse kholo tsa metallurgical bakeng sa ho hloekisa le ho etsa. Metallurgy e netefatsa tlhahiso ea silicon e hloekileng haholo, e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho eketsa katleho ea ho monya leseli le phetoho ea lisele tsa letsatsi.
Ka ntle ho silicon, litsebi tsa metallurg li ntse li batlisisa theknoloji ea filimi e tšesaane e sebelisang litšepe tse kang cadmium, tellurium, koporo, indium, gallium le selenium. Lisebelisoa tsena li fana ka melemo e ka bang teng ho kenyeletsoa litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso le ho tenyetseha ha ho kenngoa tšebetsong. Lintho tse ncha tse kang nts'etsopele ea lisele tsa letsatsi tsa perovskite le tsona li itšetlehile haholo ka ts'ebetso e tsoetseng pele ea metallurgical ho ntlafatsa botsitso le ts'ebetso.
Ho feta moo, bolelele ba nako le ho kgona ho sebediswa hape ha diphanele tsa letsatsi di itshetlehile haholo hodima thepa ya ditshipi tse sebediswang diforeiming le dikgokelong. Aluminium, ka lebaka la boima ba yona bo bobebe le ho hanyetsa mafome, e sebediswa hangata. Ntjhafatso ya dikobo le di-alloy e atolosa nako ya ho kenya di-solar mme e ntlafatsa ho sebediswa hape, ka hona e kenya letsoho ho tshwarelleng ha ditharollo tsa matla a letsatsi.
Energy Energy
Matla a moea a sebelisa matla a moea ka liturbine, tseo boholo ba tsona li hahiloeng ka litšepe tse khethehileng le metsoako ea tšepe. Bokhoni le ho tšoarella ha liturbine tsa moea li itšetlehile ka ho toba ka thepa ea thepa ena. Hangata litora li entsoe ka tšepe, e leng se fanang ka matla le mamello e hlokahalang ho mamella maemo a fapaneng a tikoloho.
Mahare a diturbine tsa moya, e leng karolo e nngwe ya bohlokwa, hangata a etswa ka dikomporo tsa faeba ya khabone le fiberglass. Leha ho le jwalo, tshebediso ya ditshipi tse tswetseng pele le dialloy tsa tsona e ntse e ata haholo ho fokotsa boima ha ho ntse ho bolokwa matla le ho tenyetseha. Dialloy tse bobebe tse kang titanium le magnesium di ka eketsa bokgoni ba diturbine tsa moya ka ho fokotsa mokhathala wa thepa le matla a hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso le ho kenya.
Ho feta moo, tshebetso ya diturbine tsa moya e itshetlehile hodima bokgoni ba dijenereithara, tse fetolelang matla a mechini hore e be matla a motlakase. Dijenereithara tsena di itshetlehile haholo hodima dielemente tsa lefatshe tse sa tlwaelehang jwalo ka neodymium, dysprosium, le praseodymium bakeng sa tlhahiso ya makenete a matla a sa feleng. Ho ntsha le ho sebetsana le dielemente tsena ho kenyeletsa mekgwa e rarahaneng ya metallurgical e netefatsang hore makenete a fana ka tshebetso e phahameng le bophelo bo bolelele tlasa kgatello ya tshebetso.
Matla a Hydro
Matla a metsi, e leng e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea matla a nchafatsoang, e itšetlehile ka matamo le liturbine ho fetola matla a kinetic a metsi a phallang hore e be motlakase. Kaho le tlhokomelo ea lifeme tsa matla a metsi li hokahane haholo le tšepe. Likarolo tsa sebopeho, ho kenyeletsoa meralo ea motheo ea letamo le mahare a turbine, li entsoe ka li-alloy tse matla haholo ho mamella ho kopana khafetsa le metsi le likhatello tse fapaneng.
Tšepe e sa ruseng le metsoako e khethehileng e sebelisoa hangata ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha eona mafome le ho tsofala ha mechini. Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso tse ncha tsa metallurgy li shebane le ho nts'etsapele lipente le mekhoa ea phekolo e ntlafatsang ho tšoarella le katleho ea likarolo tsena, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo le ho eketsa nako ea ts'ebetso.
Litsamaisong tsa motlakase oa metsi tse pompeloang, tšepe e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong e se nang sekoli ea liturbine tse ka fetoloang le lipompo, tse hlokang thepa e nang le mokhathala o motle le khanyetso ea ho thekesela ho laola khatello ea mojaro oa potoloho.
Matla a futhumatsang Moea
Matla a geothermal, a nkiloeng mochesong o ka hare oa Lefatše, a hlahisa liphephetso le menyetla e ikhethang bakeng sa boqapi ba tšepe. Mekhoa ea ho ntša le ho fetola e kenyelletsa maemo a thata, ho kenyeletsoa le mocheso o phahameng le maro a senyang. Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang limela tsa geothermal li hloka ho bontša botsitso bo ikhethang ba mocheso le ho hanyetsa mafome.
Li-superalloy tse entsoeng ka nickel le litšepe tse sa hloekang hangata li sebelisoa kahong ea lifeme tsa motlakase tsa geothermal. Lisebelisoa tsena li mamella maemo a feteletseng a ts'ebetso 'me li kenya letsoho katlehong le polokehong ea lifeme. Tsoelo-pele ea metallurgy e ikemiselitse ho nts'etsapele lisebelisoa le lipente tse tšoarellang le ho feta ho fokotsa ho senyeha le ho eketsa nako ea ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso tsa geothermal.
Polokelo ea Matla
Polokelo ea matla ke karolo ea bohlokoa ho kopanyeng mehloli ea matla a nchafatsoang, ho netefatsa phepelo e tšepahalang le e tsitsitseng ea matla. Tšepe ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho nts'etsapele libeteri tse tsoetseng pele le mahlale a mang a polokelo. Libeteri tsa lithium-ion, mohlala, li itšetlehile ka ntlafatso ea tšepe ea lithium, cobalt, nickel le manganese ho hlahisa lisele tse nang le matla a mangata.
Phuputso e ntse e tswela pele lefapheng la dibetri tsa boemo bo tiileng, tse tshepisang matla a mangata le polokeho ha di bapiswa le dibetri tse tlwaelehileng. Dikgatelopele tsena di itshetlehile hodima ho sibollwa le ntlafatso ya thepa e ntjha e thehilweng tshepeng bakeng sa dielektrode le dielektrode. Ho feta moo, dibetri tsa phallo, tse sebedisang di-ion tsa tshepe tharollong, di bontsha ho tenyetseha ha ditshebediso tsa metallurgical polokelong ya matla.
Recycling le Moshoelella
Ho tšoarella ke lejoe la motheo la matla a ntjhafatswang, mme tshepe e kenya letsoho haholo ka ho sebediswa hape le tshebediso e sebetsang hantle ya mehlodi. Ho sebediswa hape ha tshepe ho tswa ho di-installation tsa eneji e ntjhafatswang tse sa sebetseng, tse kang di-blades tsa turbine ya moya le diphanele tsa letsatsi, ho fokotsa ho itshetleha hodima thepa e sa tswa qalwa mme ho fokotsa tshusumetso tikolohong.
Mekhoa e mecha ea ho sebelisa tšepe e ntlafatsa katleho ea lits'ebetso tsa ho sebelisa tšepe hape, e leng se netefatsang hore thepa ea bohlokoa e ka sebelisoa hape le ho sebelisoa hape ntle le tahlehelo e kholo ea ts'ebetso. Sena ha se tšehetse moruo o chitja feela empa se boetse se boloka mehloli ea tlhaho le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea mahlale a matla a nchafatsoang.
fihlela qeto e
Karolo ea metallurgy ho eneji e nchafatsoang e kholo ebile ha e bohlokoa. Ho tloha tlhahisong le ntlafatsong ea thepa e sebelisoang liphanele tsa letsatsi, liturbine tsa moea le lifeme tsa motlakase oa metsi ho isa nts'etsopele ea libeteri tse tsoetseng pele, saense ea metallurgy e tšehetsa katleho, ho tšoarella le botsitso ba mahlale a eneji e nchafatsoang. Ha letšolo la mehloli ea eneji e hloekileng le e tsitsitseng haholoanyane le ntse le tsoela pele, tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ho metallurgy e tla lula e le ea bohlokoa ho hlōleng liphephetso le ho notlolla menyetla e mecha ea eneji e nchafatsoang. Tšebelisano-'moho pakeng tsa boqapi ba metallurgy le eneji e nchafatsoang e tšepisa bokamoso moo tšebeliso ea eneji e tsitsitseng e bang e sebetsang haholoanyane, e theko e tlaase, le e mosa tikolohong.
