Mokhoa oa ho Hlahisa Likhoele bakeng sa Mekhoa ea Matla a Letsatsi
Mekhoa ea PV ea letsatsi e ntse e sebelisoa haholo hobane e ka fana ka motlakase o hloekileng, oa nako e telele le o tenyetsehang bakeng sa litekanyo tse fapaneng—ho tloha malapeng a bolulo ho ea ho lifeme tse kholo tsa motlakase. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso le polokeho ea sistimi ea PV ea letsatsi ha li laoloe feela ke liphanele, li-inverter le libeteri, empa hape le ke karolo eo hangata e nkoang e le ea bohlokoa: likhoele. Likhoele tse kentsoeng li-PV li tlameha ho khona ho fetisa motlakase o tobileng (DC) le motlakase o mong (AC), li hanele mocheso le mahlaseli a UV, 'me li be le insulation e matla ho thibela ho lutla ha motlakase le kotsi ea mollo. Ka hona, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea likhoele bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa PV tsa letsatsi e na le maemo a thata a tekheniki ho feta likhoele tse tloaelehileng tsa motlakase. Sengoloa sena se bua ka mekhahlelo ea tlhahiso ea likhoele tsa PV tsa letsatsi, ho tloha khethong ea thepa ho ea litekong tsa boleng.
1. Karolo ea Likhoele Mekhoeng ea Matla a Letsatsi
Sistimi ea PV, likhoele li hokahanya likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa: ho tloha ho li-module tsa letsatsi ho ea lebokoseng la li-combiner, ho tloha lebokoseng la li-combiner ho ea ho inverter, ho tloha ho inverter ho ea phanele ea kabo ea AC, 'me qetellong ho ea ho grid ea mojaro kapa ea motlakase. Ho feta moo, litsamaisong tsa hybrid, likhoele li boetse li hokahanya betri le molaoli oa tjhaja. Likhoele tse sebelisoang li tlameha ho khona ho mamella li-voltage tse phahameng (hangata 600–1500 V DC litsamaisong tsa sejoale-joale), li sebetse ka botsitso holim'a mocheso o pharaletseng, 'me li mamelle maemo a leholimo a feteletseng ha li kentsoe kantle. Ke ka lebaka leo likhoele tsa PV—hangata tse tsejoang e le likhoele tsa letsatsi—ka kakaretso li sebelisang insulation e khethehileng le li-conductor tsa boleng bo holimo.
2. Khetho ea Lisebelisoa tsa Mokhanni
Mohato wa pele tlhahisong ya dikheibole ke ho kgetha thepa ya conductor, karolo ya mantlha e tsamaisang motlakase. Disebediswa tse pedi tse tlwaelehileng haholo ke koporo le aluminium. Koporo hangata e sebediswa bakeng sa ditsamaiso tsa matla a letsatsi ka lebaka la ho tsamaisa ha yona motlakase ho hoholo, ho hanyetsa mafome, le matla a matle a mechini. Koporo e boetse e tsitsitse haholoanyane dikgokelong, haholoholo bakeng sa dihokelo tsa MC4 le di-terminal tse ding tse hlokang ho kopana ho matla le ho hanyetsa mocheso.
Koporo e sebediswang hangata e hlwekile haholo (mohlala, 99,9%) ho fokotsa tahlehelo ya motlakase. Ntle le mofuta wa thepa, bahlahisi ba boetse ba fumana sebopeho sa kondaktara: e ka ba e tiileng kapa e tsielehileng. Dithapo tsa letsatsi hangata di sebedisa dikondaktara tse tsielehileng hobane di tenyetseha habonolo, di bonolo ho di kenya, mme di hanela ho thothomela le ho kobeha kgafetsa.
3. Ts'ebetso ea ho taka terata
Hang ha thepa ea mokhanni e khethiloe, koporo hangata e ntse e le ka mokhoa oa molamu o bophara bo boholo. Molamu ona o sebetsoa ka mochini oa ho hula terata ho huloa ka har'a terata e nyane e hlokahalang. Ts'ebetsong ena, molamu o fetisoa ka har'a letoto la li-dies tse fokotsang bophara butle-butle. Ts'ebetso ea ho hula e etsoa tlas'a taolo e tiileng ho netefatsa bokaholimo ba terata bo boreleli, bophara bo tsitsitseng, le ho se be le liphoso tse kang mapetso a manyane.
Lifekthering tse ling, kamora ho hula, terata e boetse e annealed (ho futhumatsa ho laolwang) ho tsosolosa ho tenyetseha ha thepa. Ho anneal ho bohlokwa ho thibela terata hore e se ke ya thatafala haholo mme ya robeha habonolo, e leng se etsang hore e lokele ho sebediswa e le mokhanni ya lahlehileng ya tenyetsehang.
4. Ts'ebetso ea ho Qhoma Mokhanni
Lithapo tse huloang li kopanngoa ho ba kondakta e le 'ngoe e qabeletsoeng ho sebelisoa mochini o qabeletsoeng. Sepheo ke ho theha khubu ea thapo e nang le sebaka se itseng se tšekaletseng (mohlala, 4 mm², 6 mm², kapa 10 mm²) ho latela motlakase o lokelang ho jaroa. Paterone ea ho sotha le palo ea likhoele li khethoa ho netefatsa hore kondakta e leka-lekanya ho tenyetseha le matla a mechini.
Litsamaisong tsa matla a letsatsi, ho tenyetseha ke molemo hobane hangata likhoele li kenngoa marulelong, ka har'a liphaephe, kapa litseleng tse kobehileng. Likhoele tse thata haholo li thatafatsa ho kenngoa 'me li eketsa kotsi ea tšenyo ea insulation e bakoang ke ho kobeha ho bohale.
5. Ho kenya Insulation le Jacketing
Mohato o latelang ke ho kenya mocheso. Likhoeleng tsa motlakase tsa letsatsi, ho kenya mocheso ka kakaretso ho sebelisa thepa e khethehileng ea polymer joalo ka XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) kapa metsoako e thibelang malakabe e se nang halogen. Lisebelisoa tsena li khethoa hobane li ka mamella mocheso o phahameng oa ts'ebetso (hangata ho fihlela ho 90°C, esita le 120°C maemong a itseng), li hanela UV, li hanela ozone, 'me li hanela mongobo.
Ts'ebetso ea ho kenya insulation e etsoa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa extrusion. Kontaktara e fepeloa ka har'a extruder, moo thepa ea insulation e futhumetseng e qhibilihang 'me e koahetsoe ka ho lekana ho potoloha kontaktara. Botenya ba insulation bo laoloa ka thata hobane bo ama bokhoni ba eona ba ho jara motlakase le polokeho. Kamora ho tsoa ho extruder, thapo e pholile butle-butle ho sebelisoa metsi kapa moea ho netefatsa hore insulation e thatafala ka botlalo ntle le ho petsoha.
Bakeng sa dithapo tsa letsatsi, moralo o nang le insulation e habeli (mealo e mmedi ya insulation) kapa motswako wa insulation le jekete ya kantle e matla ka ho lekana hangata ho sebediswa. Jekete ya kantle e sebetsa e le tshireletso kgahlanong le kgohlano, boemo ba lehodimo, oli tse itseng, le ho pepesehela tikoloho.
6. Ho daea, ho tšoaea le ho tsebahatsa
Hangata dithapo tsa PV di fumaneha ka botsho le bofubedu (bakeng sa DC), ha dithapo tsa ho thella di ka ba tala le bosehla. Mmala o etswa nakong ya tshebetso ya ho ntsha ka ho eketsa di-pigment tse hanelang UV ho thibela ho fela. Ntle le mmala, dithapo di boetse di tshwailwe ka mongolo hodima bokahodimo ba tsona, ho kenyeletswa boholo ba thapo, maemo a fihlelletsweng, motlakase o sebetsang, lebitso la moetsi, selemo sa tlhahiso, le matshwao a mithara (matshwao a bolelele ka mithara). Matshwao ana a thusa nakong ya ho kenya le ho hlahloba, mme a thusa ho netefatsa hore thapo e fihlela ditlhoko tsa PV.
7. Taolo ea Boleng
Lithapo tsa motlakase oa letsatsi li tlameha ho feta litekong tse 'maloa tsa boleng pele li rekisoa. Liteko tsena li etsoa ho netefatsa hore lithapo li bolokehile, lia tšoarella, 'me li fihlela maemo a naha le a machaba. Liteko tse ling tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
1. Teko ea ho tsamaisa motlakase le ho hanyetsa: netefatsa tahlehelo e tlase ea matla ho latela sebaka se tšekaletseng.
2. Teko ea botenya ba ho thibela ho ruruha: etsa bonnete ba hore sekoahelo se lekana ebile se fihlela meeli e fokolang.
3. Teko ea ho mamella motlakase: e leka bokhoni ba insulation ba ho mamella motlakase o phahameng ntle le ho senyeha.
4. Teko ea ho hanyetsa mocheso le botsofali ba mocheso: etsisa tšebeliso ea nako e telele mochesong o phahameng.
5. Teko ea ho hanyetsa mahlaseli a kotsi a UV le boemo ba leholimo: ea bohlokoa bakeng sa likhoele tse pepesetsoeng ke khanya ea letsatsi e tobileng.
6. Teko ea ho hanyetsa malakabe le mosi (e thibelang malakabe): e netefatsa hore thapo ha e chesoe habonolo ebile ha e hlahise likhase tse kotsi tsa halogen ho latela maemo a 'maloa.
7. Tekanyo ea ho tenyetseha le ho kobeha khafetsa: etsa bonnete ba hore sehatsetsi ha se petsohe ha se kentsoe kapa se tsamaisoa.
Teko e ka ipapisa le maemo a kang IEC 62930 (bakeng sa dikheibole tsa PV), EN 50618, kapa maemo a mang a sebetsang mebarakeng e itseng. Dikheibole tse fetang diteko hangata di netefatswa mme di tshwailwe ka khoutu e ikgethang.
8. Ts'ebetso ea ho Metha, ho Paka le ho aba
Kamora ho feta tlhahlobo, thapo e tlangwa hodima spool kapa teramo ka bolelele bo itseng, joalo ka limithara tse 100 kapa limithara tse 500. Ho kobeha ho lokela ho ba makhethe ho thibela ho kobeha ho bohale ho ka senyang sehatsetsi. Thapo e ntan'o pakoa ka tšireletso e eketsehileng ho thibela tšenyo nakong ea thomello: polasetiki e phuthetsoeng, khateboto, kapa meropa ea lehong bakeng sa boholo bo boholo. Bahlahisi ba boetse ba kenyelletsa mabitso a nang le tlhahisoleseling e kang nomoro ea sehlopha, letsatsi la tlhahiso, mofuta oa thapo le setifikeiti. Nomoro ea sehlopha e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sala morao, kahoo haeba mathata a fumanoa tšimong, bahlahisi ba ka sala morao mokhoa oa tlhahiso le thepa e sebelisitsoeng.
9. Liphephetso Tlhahisong ea Likheibole tsa Matla a Letsatsi
Tlhahiso ea cable ea PV e tobane le liphephetso tse ikhethang, haholo-holo tse amanang le litlhoko tsa ho tšoarella ho feteletseng kantle. Ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso motšehare bosiu, lilemo tsa ho pepesehela UV, le kotsi ea ho longoa ke liphoofolo kapa ho hohlana le mehaho ea marulelo ho ka potlakisa ho senyeha. Ka hona, bahlahisi ba tlameha ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho thibela ho ruruha le ho boloka botsitso ba tlhahiso. Bothata bo bong ke tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea litsamaiso tse nang le li-voltage tse phahameng (ho fihlela ho 1500 V DC), e leng se hlokang ho thibela ho ruruha ho matla le liteko tse thata haholoanyane.
Qetello
Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea lithapo bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa matla a letsatsi e kenyelletsa letoto le rarahaneng la mehato ea tekheniki, ho tloha ho khetheng koporo ea boleng bo holimo, ho hula terata, ho theha li-conductor tse lahlehileng, ho ntša insulation e thibelang UV le mocheso, le ho feta litekong tse matla tsa boleng. Lithapo tsa PV ha li sebeletse feela e le li-conductor tsa motlakase empa hape e le likarolo tsa polokeho tse khethollang ts'epo ea sistimi ea nako e telele. Ka ho khetha lithapo tse entsoeng ho latela maemo le tse entsoeng tlas'a taolo e matla ea boleng, ho kenya matla a letsatsi ho ka sebetsa ka katleho e kholo, ka polokeho, le ho nka nako e telele.
