Metamorphism ke Eng le Mehlala ea Eona

Metamorphism ke Eng le Mehlala ea Eona

Metamorphism ke ts'ebetso e khahlisang ea jeoloji e akaretsang phetoho ea mafika ka mocheso, khatello le maro a sebetsang ka lik'hemik'hale. Ho fapana le lits'ebetso tse ling tse kang ho putlama ha metsi le khoholeho ea mobu, tse qhaqhang mafika, metamorphism e fetola mineralology ea lefika, sebopeho, 'me ka linako tse ling esita le sebopeho sa lona sa lik'hemik'hale ha le ntse le le boemong bo tiileng. Ts'ebetso ena e rarahaneng e hlahisa mafika a metamorphic, e eketsa lera le ruileng historing ea jeoloji e kentsoeng karolong e ka holimo ea polanete ea rona. Sehlooho sena se ikemiselitse ho teba ka khopolo ea metamorphism, mefuta ea eona, le mehlala e meng ea khale.

Metamorphism ke eng?

Polelwana “metamorphism” e nkilwe ho Segerike, moo ‘meta’ e bolelang ‘phetoho’ mme ‘morphe’ e bolelang ‘sebopeho.’ Ha e le hantle, e hlalosa mokhoa oo mafika a teng (mafika a igneous, sedimentary, kapa esita le a kgale a metamorphic) a fetohang ka wona ka lebaka la diphetoho tikolohong ya ona ya mmele kapa ya dikhemikhale.

Hangata metamorphism e etsahala botebong moo mocheso o pakeng tsa 200°C le 800°C mme kgatello e tloha ho makgolo a mmalwa ho isa ho dikete tse mmalwa. Diphetoho tsena ke tsa ka ho sa feleng mme di etsahala ntle le hore lefika le fihle ntlheng ya lona ya ho qhibiliha. Majwe a metamorphic a hlahang hangata a bontsha dibopeho tse ntjha le diminerale tse kopaneng ha di bapiswa le majwe a tswalang wona, a tsejwang e le diprotolith.

Mefuta ea Metamorphism

Metamorphism e ka aroloa ka mefuta e fapaneng ka bophara ho latela baemeli ba amehang le tikoloho ea metamorphism. Mefuta e tloaelehileng haholo e kenyelletsa:

1. Metamorphism ea ho kopana: Mofuta ona o hlaha ha mafika a futhumatsoa ke ho kenella ha magma e chesang. Sebaka se angoang ke mocheso hangata se theha "sebaka se besitsoeng" kapa aureole ho potoloha ho kenella. Litlamorao tsa metamorphic lia fokotseha ha sebaka se le hole le mohloli oa mocheso.

2. Metamorphism ea Libaka: Ena ke mofuta o pharaletseng ka ho fetisisa 'me o bakoa ke likhatello tse phahameng le mocheso libakeng tse kholo. Hangata e etsahala nakong ea lits'ebetso tsa ho haha ​​​​lithaba moo lipoleiti tsa tectonic li thulanang. Majoe aa senyeha 'me a etsoa kristale hape tlas'a khatello e lebisang lehlakoreng, e leng se lebisang ho makhasi le ho thella.

3. Metamorphism ea Hydrothermal: Mona, liphetoho li tlisoa haholo-holo ke tšebelisano-'moho le maro a hydrothermal. Maro ana a sebetsang ka lik'hemik'hale a ka lebisa liphetohong tse kholo tsa mineral, hangata a etsa methapo ea liminerale.

4. Phetoho ea Lepato: Mofuta ona o hlaha ka lebaka la khatello le keketseho e nyane ea mocheso ha majoe a patoa ka botebo tlas'a mealo ea seretse.

5. Phetoho ea Sebaka se Fetohang kapa se Fosahetseng: Mofuta ona oa phetoho ea lintho o hlaha libakeng tse nang le liphoso moo majoe a nang le khatello e fapaneng. Majoe a hlahang hangata a fetoha sebopeho se senyehileng haholo 'me a etsoa hore a sebelisoe hape.

Mehlala ea Mafika a Metamorphic le Sebopeho sa 'Ona

1. Letlapa:
– Protolith: Shale
– Mofuta oa Metamorphism: Metamorphism ea libaka tsa maemo a tlase
– Litšobotsi: Lefika le nang le metso e menyenyane, le nang le makhasi le arohanang habonolo ka likarolo tse tšesaane. Le thehoa tlas'a khatello e tlase le maemo a mocheso.
– Tšebeliso: E sebelisoa hangata ho lithaele tsa marulelo, fatše, le joalo ka sebaka sa ho ngolla (mapolanka a letlapa).

2. Schist:
– Protolith: Lejoe la seretse kapa shale
– Mofuta oa Metamorphism: Metamorphism ea libaka e pakeng tsa maemo a holimo le a mahareng
– Litšobotsi: E mahareng ho isa ho e mahoashe e nang le makhasi a hlakileng; e na le mica e ngata e fanang ka ponahalo e benyang.
– Tšebeliso: Lejoe le khabisitsoeng 'me ka linako tse ling le liemahaleng.

3. Gneiss:
– Protolith: Lejoe la granite kapa la sedimentary joaloka lehlabathe
– Mofuta oa Metamorphism: Metamorphism ea libaka ea boemo bo holimo
– Litšobotsi: E nang le mahoashe a maholo a nang le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kopanya ka lebaka la karohano ea mefuta ea liminerale.
– Tšebeliso: E tloaelehile kahong, haholo-holo e le lejoe la tekanyo.

4. 'Mabole:
– Protolith: Lejoe la mokoetla kapa lejoe la dolo
– Mofuta oa Metamorphism: Metamorphism ea libaka le ea ho kopana
– Litšobotsi: Kristale 'me hangata e na le bokaholimo bo boreleli, bo nang le li-granular. E entsoe haholo-holo ka calcite kapa dolomite.
– Tšebeliso: E sebelisoa haholo litšoantšong tse betliloeng le e le thepa ea kaho.

5. Quartzite:
– Protolith: Lejoe la lehlabathe
– Mofuta oa Metamorphism: Metamorphism ea libaka le ea ho kopana
– Litšobotsi: Lefika le thata haholo le le teteaneng le entsoeng haholo-holo ka quartz.
– Tšebeliso: E loketse li-countertop, fatše, le joaloka lejoe le khabisitsoeng.

6. Amphibolite:
– Protolith: Basalt kapa gabbro
– Mofuta oa Metamorphism: Metamorphism ea libaka
– Litšobotsi: Lefika le lefifi, le teteaneng le entsoeng haholo-holo ka liminerale tsa amphibole.
– Tšebeliso: E sitsitsoe bakeng sa merero ea kaho 'me hape e sebelisoa e le lejoe le khabisitsoeng.

Mabaka a Susumetsang Metamorphism

Mabaka a 'maloa a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea metamorphic:

1. Mocheso: Mocheso o phahameng o thusa ho etsa hore diminerale di boele di be le kristale. Diminerale tse fapaneng di tsitsitse maemong a fapaneng a mocheso, di susumetsa mofuta wa lefika le fetotsweng.

2. Kgatelelo: Kgatelelo ya lithostatic (ka lebaka la boima ba mafika a fetang) le kgatelelo e lebisitsweng (ka lebaka la matla a tectonic) di kenya letsoho haholo. Kgatelelo e phahameng e ka lebisa ntshetsopeleng ya makhasi.

3. Metsi a Sebetsang ka Lik'hemik'hale: Metsi ana a ka potlakisa liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale 'me a lebisa ho thehoeng ha liminerale tse ncha tse seng teng lefikeng la pele.

4. Nako: Ditshebetso tsa metamorphic di etsahala nakong e telele ya jeoloji, ka dinako tse ding di nka dilemo tse dimilione ho fetola lefika ka botlalo.

fihlela qeto e

Metamorphism ke ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea jeoloji e fetolang mafika ka mocheso, khatello le ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, e leng se etsang hore ho be le mafika a mangata a metamorphic a nang le litšobotsi le ts'ebeliso e ikhethang. Ho utloisisa ts'ebetso ena ho fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le tlhaho e fetohang ea polanete ea rona. Ka ho ithuta mafika a metamorphic a kang slate, schist, gneiss, marble, quartzite, le amphibolite, litsebi tsa jeoloji li ka kopanya maemo le lits'ebetso tse bopileng bokaholimo ba Lefatše ka lilemo tse limilione. Tsebo ena ha e phethe feela kutloisiso ea rona ea lits'ebetso tsa jeoloji empa hape e thusa lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang ho tloha kahong ho ea bononong.