Likarolo tsa Potoloho ea Elektronike
Dipotoloho tsa elektroniki ke motheo wa theknoloji ya sejwalejwale, di matlafatsa ntho e nngwe le e nngwe ho tloha ho di-smartphone ho isa ho mechini ya indasteri. Bokgoni le tshebetso ya dipotoloho tsena di itshetlehile ka dikarolo tse ikgethang tse kopanang ho theha sistimi e kopaneng. Ho utlwisisa dikarolo tse fapaneng le mesebetsi ya tsona ho bohlokwa ho mang kapa mang ya amehang disebedisweng tsa elektroniki, ebang o motho ya ratang ho itlosa bodutu, moenjiniere wa profeshenale, kapa setsebi sa thuto. Sengolwa sena se hlahloba dikarolo tsa bohlokwa tse atisang ho fumanwa dipotolohong tsa elektroniki, se hlalosa mesebetsi ya tsona, mefuta le bohlokwa.
1. Lihanyetsi
mosebetsi
Li-resistor ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse bonolo le tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa potolohong efe kapa efe ea elektroniki. Mosebetsi oa tsona o ka sehloohong ke ho fokotsa phallo ea motlakase le ho fetola maemo a lets'oao. Ka ho etsa joalo, li sireletsa likarolo tse bonolo ho tsoa tšenyo e bakoang ke motlakase o feteletseng.
Types
– Li-Resistor tse Tsitsitseng: Tsena li na le boleng bo behiloeng ba khanyetso bo khethoang nakong ea tlhahiso.
– Li-Resistor tse Fetohang (Li-Potentiometer): Tsena li lumella ho fetola maemo a khanyetso.
– Li-Thermistors: Li-resistor tsena li fetola khanyetso ea tsona ka liphetoho tsa mocheso, ebang lia eketseha (Positive Temperature Coefficient) kapa lia fokotseha (Negative Temperature Coefficient).
Bohlokoa
Li-resistor li bohlokoa haholo ho lokiseng lipotoloho le ho netefatsa hore likarolo tse ling li sebetsa ka har'a meeli ea tsona e sireletsehileng. Li boetse li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho theha likarolo tsa motlakase le matšoao a ho sefa.
2. Li-capacitor
mosebetsi
Li-capacitor li boloka le ho lokolla matla ka mokhoa oa tšimo ea motlakase. Li sebelisetsoa merero e fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa ho sefa, ho boloka matla, le ho kopanya kapa ho arola matšoao.
Types
– Li-capacitor tsa Ceramic: Li tsebahala ka boholo ba tsona bo bonyenyane le botsitso, hangata li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse sebelisoang khafetsa.
– Li-Capacitor tsa Electrolytic: Tsena li ka boloka tefiso e ngata 'me li sebelisoa hangata litsamaisong tsa phepelo ea motlakase.
– Li-Capacitor tsa Filimi: Li tsebahala ka ho tšepahala le botsitso ba tsona, li sebelisoa hangata lipotolohong tsa molumo le tsa RF.
Bohlokoa
Li-capacitor li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho laola le ho tsitsisa motlakase le hona joale lipotolohong. Li fokotsa ho feto-fetoha ha motlakase le ho sefa lerata, ka hona li sireletsa le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.
3. Bakhanni ba ho kenya tšebetsong
mosebetsi
Di-inductor di boloka matla tshimong ya makenete ha motlakase o feta ho tsona. Di sebediswa haholoholo disebedisweng tsa ho sefa, ho lokisa dipotoloho, le bakeng sa polokelo ya matla ditshebedisong tsa phepelo ya motlakase.
Types
– Li-Inductor tsa Air-Core: Tsena ha li na motheo oa ferromagnetic, e leng se etsang hore li be ntle bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa maqhubu a phahameng.
– Di-Inductor tsa Tshepe-Bohare: Tsena di na le inductance e phahameng mme di sebediswa hangata ditshebedisong tsa maqhubu a tlase.
– Li-Inductor tsa Toroidal: Li-inductor tsena tse bōpehileng joaloka lesale li fana ka katleho e phahameng le tšitiso e tlase ea motlakase.
Bohlokoa
Li-inductor li bohlokoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa AC, joalo ka li-transformer le li-filter. Li laola phallo ea motlakase oa AC 'me li thusa polokelong ea matla, taolong ea motlakase, le ts'ebetsong ea matšoao.
4. Diode
mosebetsi
Diode di dumella motlakase ho phalla ka lehlakoreng le le leng feela, di sebetsa jwalo ka valve ya tsela e le nngwe dipotolohong tsa elektroniki. Thepa ena e etsa hore e be ya bohlokwa bakeng sa ditshebetso tsa tokiso, moo AC e fetolelwang ho DC.
Types
– Diode tse Tloaelehileng: Tsena di sebediswa hangata bakeng sa ho lokisa le ho fokotsa matshwao.
– Zener Diode: Diode tsena di dumella motlakase ho phalla ho tloha anode ho ya cathode ho fihlela motlakase o kgaotsweng o fihlellwa, ka mora moo di dumella motlakase ho phalla ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng, ka hona di fana ka taolo ya motlakase.
– Diode tse ntšang lesedi (LED): Tsena di ntsha lesedi ha motlakase o phalla ka hara tsona mme di sebediswa dipontshong le ditshebedisong tsa mabone.
Bohlokoa
Diode di bohlokwa bakeng sa ho laola tsela eo phallo ya motlakase e tsamayang ka yona, ho thibela phallo e kgutlelang morao, le ho sireletsa dipotoloho ho tloha ho di-spikes tsa motlakase. Di boetse di bohlokwa taolong ya motlakase le ho kgaolwa ha matshwao.
5. Litransistara
mosebetsi
Li-transistors ke litene tsa kaho tsa lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale tsa elektroniki, tse sebetsang e le li-switch kapa li-amplifier. Li laola phallo ea motlakase lipakeng tsa li-terminal tse peli ho latela motlakase kapa motlakase o sebelisoang ho terminal ea boraro.
Types
– Li-Transistors tsa Bipolar Junction (BJTs): Li-transistors tsena li na le mekhahlelo e meraro (emitter, base, collector) 'me li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa ho holisa le ho fetola.
– Li-transistors tsa Tšusumetso ea Tšimo (FET): Tsena li laoloa ke motlakase ho fapana le motlakase oa hona joale, e leng se etsang hore li sebetse hantle haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse nang le matla a tlase.
Bohlokoa
Li-transistors ke tsa bohlokoa lipotolohong tsa dijithale, li sebetsa e le karolo ea mantlha lihekeng tsa logic, li-switch le li-amplifier. Li bohlokoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea matšoao, ho atoloseng le k'homphieutha ea dijithale.
6. Dipotoloho tse Kopantsweng (di-IC)
mosebetsi
Dipotoloho tse Kopantsweng di kopanya dikarolo tse ngata tsa elektroniki ho etsa chip e le nngwe, e leng se thusang tshebetso e rarahaneng ka sebopeho se kopaneng. Di ka etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng, ho tloha mesebetsing e bonolo ya logic ho isa tshebetsong e rarahaneng ya matshwao.
Types
– Li-IC tsa Analog: Tsena li sebetsana le matšoao a tsoelang pele, ho kenyeletsoa li-amplifier tse sebetsang le balaoli ba motlakase.
– Di-IC tsa dijithale: Tsena di sebetsana le matshwao a arohaneng mme di kenyeletsa di-microprocessor, di-memory chip le diheke tsa logic.
Bohlokoa
Li-IC li fetotse indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ka ho fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng ka mokhoa o monyane. Ke pelo ea lisebelisoa tsohle tsa sejoale-joale tsa dijithale, tse nolofalletsang litsamaiso tse rarahaneng tsa k'homphieutha, puisano le taolo.
7. Li-Relays
mosebetsi
Li-relay ke li-switch tsa motlakase tse sebelisang tšimo ea motlakase ho bula kapa ho koala potoloho. Li lumella potoloho ea motlakase o fokolang ho laola potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng.
Types
– Li-Relays tsa Electromechanical: Tsena li sebelisa mokhoa oa 'mele ho bula le ho koala likhokahano.
– Li-Relays tsa Maemo a Tiileng (SSR): Tsena li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor ho fetola lipotoloho ntle le likarolo tse tsamaeang.
Bohlokoa
Li-relay li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho iketsetsa lits'ebetso tsa taolo lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri le tsa bareki. Li fana ka karohano lipakeng tsa taolo le lipotoloho tse nang le matla a maholo, ho netefatsa polokeho le ts'epo.
8. Li-sensor
mosebetsi
Li-sensor li lemoha liparamente tsa 'mele (tse kang mocheso, khanya, kapa khatello) ebe li li fetola matšoao a motlakase a ka sebetsoang ke lipotoloho tsa elektroniki.
Types
– Disensor tsa Mocheso: Jwalo ka di-thermocouple le di-thermistors.
– Li-sensor tsa Leseli: Ho kenyeletsoa li-photodiode le lisele tsa photovoltaic.
– Disensara tsa Kgatelelo: Jwalo ka disensara tsa piezoelectric.
Bohlokoa
Li-sensor li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho theha litsamaiso tsa elektroniki tse arabelang le tse feto-fetohang. Li nolofalletsa boiketsetso, tlhokomelo ea tikoloho le ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse bohlale.
fihlela qeto e
Lefatše la lipotoloho tsa elektroniki ke le rarahaneng le le khahlang, le entsoeng ka likarolo tse ngata tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa. Ho tloha ho resistor e ikokobelitseng ho ea ho potoloho e rarahaneng e kopaneng, karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea elektroniki. Ho utloisisa likarolo tsena le ts'ebeliso ea tsona ha ho ruise tsebo ea motho feela empa hape ho bula menyetla e sa feleng ea boqapi le nts'etsopele lefapheng la lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Hore na u rala sesebelisoa se bonolo kapa mochini o rarahaneng, ho utloisisa likarolo tsena hantle ho tla sebetsa e le lejoe la motheo la katleho ea hau.
