Mokhoa oa ho Bala Elasticity: Tataiso e Felletseng
Ho tenyetseha ke mohopolo oa bohlokoa moruong o lekanyang karabelo ea phetoho e 'ngoe ho e 'ngoe. Lentsoe lena le atisa ho sebelisoa maemong a fapaneng a moruo, joalo ka ho tenyetseha ha tlhoko, ho tenyetseha ha phepelo, le ho tenyetseha ha chelete e kenang. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa mokhoa oa ho bala ho tenyetseha le ts'ebeliso ea eona maemong a fapaneng a moruo.
Ho Utloisisa ho Tiea ha 'Mele
Ho tenyetseha ke tekanyo ea hore na phetoho ea moruo e tenyetseha hakae liphetohong tse feto-fetohang tse ling. Ka lipalo, ho tenyetseha ho hlalosoa e le phetoho ea peresente ho phetoho e le 'ngoe e bakoang ke phetoho ea peresente ho phetoho e 'ngoe. Ho tenyetseha ho ka ba ntle kapa ha ho be mpe ho latela kamano pakeng tsa liphetoho tse peli.
Mefuta ea Elasticity
Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea ho tenyetseha eo hangata e tšohloang moruong :
1. Ho Tenyetseha ha Tlhokeho ya Theko (PED) – E lekanya karabelo ya bongata ba thepa e batlwang diphetohong tsa theko ya thepa eo.
2. Ho Tiea ha Theko ea Phepelo (PES) – E lekanya karabelo ea bongata ba thepa e fanoang liphetohong tsa theko.
3. Ho sekama ha Tlhokeho ya Lekeno (YED) – Ho lekanya karabelo ya tlhokeho diphetohong tsa lekeno la bareki.
4. Ho tenyetseha ha tlhokeho (CED) – Ho lekanya karabelo ya tlhokeho ya thepa diphetohong tsa theko ya thepa e nngwe.
Foromo e Akaretsang ea ho Bala ho Tiea ha Elasticity
Bakeng sa mofuta o mong le o mong oa elasticity, foromo e akaretsang ke:
\[ E = \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Phetoho e Bakang}} \]
Moo:
– \( E \) ke ho tenyetseha.
– \% Phetoho Bongateng ke phetoho ea peresente ea chelete e batloang kapa e fanoeng.
– \% Phetoho ho Phetoho ya Sesosa e ka ba theko, lekeno, kapa theko ya thepa e nngwe.
Mokhoa oa ho Bala ho Tiea ha Tlhokahalo ea Theko
Ho tenyetseha ha theko ea tlhoko ho baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ PED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} }{ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Theko}} \right| \]
Mehato ke ena:
1. Bala Phetoho ea Bongata: Tlosa bongata ba pele ho bongata bo bocha, ebe u arola phapang ka bongata ba pele. Ebe u atisa ka 100 ho fumana peresente.
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} = \frac{\text{Bongata bo Botjha} – \text{Bongata ba Pele}}{\text{Bongata ba Pele}} \times 100 \]
2. Bala Phetoho ea Theko: Tlosa theko ea pele ho theko e ncha, arola phapang ka theko ea pele, 'me u atise ka 100.
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ea Theko} = \frac{\text{Theko e Ncha} – \text{Theko ea Pele}}{\text{Theko ea Pele}} \times 100 \]
3. Kena ho Foromo ea PED:
\[ PED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} }{ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Theko}} \right| \]
Contoh:
Haeba theko ea thepa e nyoloha ho tloha ho Rp. 100.000 ho isa ho Rp. 120.000 'me bongata bo batloang bo fokotseha ho tloha ho li-unit tse 50 ho isa ho li-unit tse 40, joale:
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} = \frac{40 – 50}{50} \makgetlo a 100 = -20\% \]
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ea Theko} = \frac{120.000 – 100.000}{100.000} \makhetlo a 100 = 20\% \]
\[ PED = \left| \frac{-20}{20} \right| = 1 \]
Mokhoa oa ho Bala ho tenyetseha ha theko ea phepelo
Ho tenyetseha ha theko ea phepelo ho baloa ho sebelisoa foromo e batlang e tšoana le ea PED:
\[ PES = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata bo Fanweng}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Theko}} \right| \]
Langkah-langkah:
1. Bala phetoho ea bongata bo fanoeng joalo ka pele.
2. Bala phetoho ea theko joalo ka pele.
3. E kenye ka hara foromo ya PES.
Mokhoa oa ho Bala ho Elasticity ea Lekeno la Tlhokahalo
Ho tenyetseha ha lekeno la tlhokeho ho balwa ho sebediswa foromo:
\[ YED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata e Batloang}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Chelete e Kenoang}} \right| \]
Mehato:
1. Bala Phetoho ea Bongata ho latela mehato ea PED.
2. Bala Phetoho ea Lekeno: Tlosa chelete ea pele ho chelete e ncha, arola phapang ka chelete ea pele, 'me u atise ka 100.
\[ \%\ \text{Income Phetoho} = \frac{\text{New Income} – \text{Initial Income}}{\text{Initial Income}} \times 100 \]
3. Kena ho Foromo ea YED:
\[ YED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} }{ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Moputso}} \right| \]
Contoh:
Haeba chelete e kenang bareki ba eketsehile ho tloha ho Rp. 10.000.000 ho ea ho Rp. 12.000.000 le Palo e batloang bakeng sa ntho e eketseha ho tloha ho diyuniti tse 40 ho isa ho diyuniti tse 50, ebe:
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} = \frac{50 – 40}{40} \makgetlo a 100 = 25\% \]
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ea Chelete} = \frac{12.000.000 – 10.000.000}{10.000.000} \makhetlo a 100 = 20\% \]
\[ YED = \left| \frac{25}{20} \right| = 1,25 \]
Mokhoa oa ho Bala ho Elasticity ea Sefapano sa Tlhokahalo
Ho tenyetseha ha tlhoko ho balwa ho sebediswa foromo:
\[ CED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho Bongateng bo Batloang ba Molemo X}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho Thekong ea Molemo Y}} \right| \]
Mehato:
1. Bala Phetoho ka Bongata (ea ntho X) ho latela mehato e ho PED.
2. Bala Phetoho ea Theko (thepa Y) ho latela mehato e ho PED.
3. Kena ho Foromo ea CED:
\[ CED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata ba Molemo X}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Theko ea Molemo Y}} \right| \]
Contoh:
Haeba theko ea Y e ntle e nyoloha ho tloha ho Rp. 50.000 ho isa ho Rp. 60.000 'me bongata bo batloang bakeng sa X e ntle bo eketseha ho tloha ho li-unit tse 30 ho isa ho li-unit tse 35, joale:
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ho Bongata ba Molemo X} = \frac{35 – 30}{30} \makgetlo a 100 = 16,67\% \]
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ho Theko ea Molemo Y} = \frac{60.000 – 50.000}{50.000} \makhetlo a 100 = 20\% \]
\[ CED = \left| \frac{16,67}{20} \right| = 0,83 \]
Tlhaloso ea Elasticity
Elasticity e baloa e le boleng bo felletseng, empa liphetho li ka hlalosoa ka litsela tse 'maloa:
1. Elastic (>1): Phetoho e kgolo ya peresente ho phetoho e batlwang kapa e fanweng ho arabela phetoho ho phetoho ya sesosa. Mohlala, haeba PED = 2, phetoho ya 10% thekong e tla fetola bongata bo batlwang ka 20%.
2. Inelastic (<1): Karabelo e nyane haholo, e bolelang phetoho e nyane ea peresente ho phetoho e batloang kapa e fanoeng ho sa tsotelehe phetoho e kholo ho phetoho ea sesosa. Mohlala, haeba PED = 0,5, phetoho ea 10% thekong e tla fetola bongata bo batloang ka 5%.
3. Yuniti e tenyetsehang (1): Liphetoho thekong li ama bongata bo batloang kapa bo fanoeng ka tekanyo e tšoanang. Mohlala, PED = 1 e bolela hore phetoho ea 10% thekong e baka phetoho ea 10% bongata bo batloang.
Qetello
Ho tenyetseha ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sekaseka maemo a fapaneng a moruo . Ka ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho bala mefuta e fapaneng ea ho tenyetseha, ho kenyeletsoa ho tenyetseha ha theko ea tlhoko, ho tenyetseha ha theko ea phepelo, ho tenyetseha ha chelete ea tlhoko, le ho tenyetseha ha sefapano, re ka hlahloba ka nepo likarabo tsa 'maraka liphetohong tse itseng. Tsebo ena e bohlokoa haholo ho etseng liqeto tsa moruo , maemong a motho ka mong le a mokhatlo, 'me e ka fana ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le hore na limmaraka li sebetsa joang.
