Mokhoa oa ho Bala Elasticity: Tataiso e Felletseng
Ho tenyetseha ke mohopolo oa bohlokoa moruong o lekanyang karabelo ea phetoho e 'ngoe ho e 'ngoe. Lentsoe lena le atisa ho sebelisoa maemong a fapaneng a moruo, joalo ka ho tenyetseha ha tlhoko, ho tenyetseha ha phepelo, le ho tenyetseha ha chelete e kenang. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa mokhoa oa ho bala ho tenyetseha le ts'ebeliso ea eona maemong a fapaneng a moruo.
Ho Utloisisa ho Tiea ha 'Mele
Ho tenyetseha ke tekanyo ea hore na phetoho ea moruo e tenyetseha hakae liphetohong tse feto-fetohang tse ling. Ka lipalo, ho tenyetseha ho hlalosoa e le phetoho ea peresente ho phetoho e le 'ngoe e bakoang ke phetoho ea peresente ho phetoho e 'ngoe. Ho tenyetseha ho ka ba ntle kapa ha ho be mpe ho latela kamano pakeng tsa liphetoho tse peli.
Mefuta ea Elasticity
Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea ho tenyetseha eo hangata e tšohloang moruong:
1. Ho Tenyetseha ha Tlhokeho ya Theko (PED) – E lekanya karabelo ya bongata ba thepa e batlwang diphetohong tsa theko ya thepa eo.
2. Ho Tiea ha Theko ea Phepelo (PES) – E lekanya karabelo ea bongata ba thepa e fanoang liphetohong tsa theko.
3. Ho Tenyetseha ha Tlhokeho ea Lekeno (YED) – E lekanya karabelo ea tlhoko liphetohong tsa chelete e kenang ea bareki.
4. Ho tenyetseha ha tlhokeho (CED) – Ho lekanya karabelo ya tlhokeho ya thepa diphetohong tsa theko ya thepa e nngwe.
Foromo e Akaretsang ea ho Bala ho Tiea ha Elasticity
Bakeng sa mofuta o mong le o mong oa elasticity, foromo e akaretsang ke:
\[ E = \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Phetoho e Bakang}} \]
Moo:
– \( E \) ke ho tenyetseha.
– \% Phetoho Bongateng ke phetoho ea peresente ea chelete e batloang kapa e fanoeng.
– \% Phetoho ho Phetoho ya Sesosa e ka ba theko, lekeno, kapa theko ya thepa e nngwe.
Mokhoa oa ho Bala ho Tiea ha Tlhokahalo ea Theko
Ho tenyetseha ha theko ea tlhoko ho baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ PED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} }{ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Theko}} \right| \]
Mehato ke ena:
1. Bala Phetoho ea Bongata: Tlosa bongata ba pele ho bongata bo bocha, ebe u arola phapang ka bongata ba pele. Ebe u atisa ka 100 ho fumana peresente.
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} = \frac{\text{Bongata bo Botjha} – \text{Bongata ba Pele}}{\text{Bongata ba Pele}} \times 100 \]
2. Bala Phetoho ea Theko: Tlosa theko ea pele ho theko e ncha, arola phapang ka theko ea pele, 'me u atise ka 100.
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ea Theko} = \frac{\text{Theko e Ncha} – \text{Theko ea Pele}}{\text{Theko ea Pele}} \times 100 \]
3. Kena ho Foromo ea PED:
\[ PED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} }{ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Theko}} \right| \]
Contoh:
Haeba theko ea thepa e nyoloha ho tloha ho Rp. 100.000 ho isa ho Rp. 120.000 'me bongata bo batloang bo fokotseha ho tloha ho li-unit tse 50 ho isa ho li-unit tse 40, joale:
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} = \frac{40 – 50}{50} \makgetlo a 100 = -20\% \]
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ea Theko} = \frac{120.000 – 100.000}{100.000} \makhetlo a 100 = 20\% \]
\[ PED = \left| \frac{-20}{20} \right| = 1 \]
Mokhoa oa ho Bala ho tenyetseha ha theko ea phepelo
Ho tenyetseha ha theko ea phepelo ho baloa ho sebelisoa foromo e batlang e tšoana le ea PED:
\[ PES = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata bo Fanweng}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Theko}} \right| \]
Langkah-langkah:
1. Bala phetoho ea bongata bo fanoeng joalo ka pele.
2. Bala phetoho ea theko joalo ka pele.
3. E kenye ka hara foromo ya PES.
Mokhoa oa ho Bala ho Elasticity ea Lekeno la Tlhokahalo
Ho tenyetseha ha lekeno la tlhokeho ho balwa ho sebediswa foromo:
\[ YED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata e Batloang}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Chelete e Kenoang}} \right| \]
Mehato:
1. Bala Phetoho ea Bongata ho latela mehato ea PED.
2. Bala Phetoho ea Lekeno: Tlosa chelete ea pele ho chelete e ncha, arola phapang ka chelete ea pele, 'me u atise ka 100.
\[ \%\ \text{Income Phetoho} = \frac{\text{New Income} – \text{Initial Income}}{\text{Initial Income}} \times 100 \]
3. Kena ho Foromo ea YED:
\[ YED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} }{ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Moputso}} \right| \]
Contoh:
Haeba chelete e kenang ea bareki e nyoloha ho tloha ho Rp. 10.000.000 ho ea ho Rp. 12.000.000 'me bongata bo batloang bakeng sa keketseho e ntle ho tloha ho li-unit tse 40 ho ea ho li-unit tse 50, joale:
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata} = \frac{50 – 40}{40} \makgetlo a 100 = 25\% \]
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ea Chelete} = \frac{12.000.000 – 10.000.000}{10.000.000} \makhetlo a 100 = 20\% \]
\[ YED = \left| \frac{25}{20} \right| = 1,25 \]
Mokhoa oa ho Bala ho Elasticity ea Sefapano sa Tlhokahalo
Ho tenyetseha ha tlhoko ho balwa ho sebediswa foromo:
\[ CED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho Bongateng bo Batloang ba Molemo X}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho Thekong ea Molemo Y}} \right| \]
Mehato:
1. Bala Phetoho ka Bongata (ea ntho X) ho latela mehato e ho PED.
2. Bala Phetoho ea Theko (thepa Y) ho latela mehato e ho PED.
3. Kena ho Foromo ea CED:
\[ CED = \left| \frac{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Bongata ba Molemo X}}{\%\ \text{Phetoho ka Theko ea Molemo Y}} \right| \]
Contoh:
Haeba theko ea Y e ntle e nyoloha ho tloha ho Rp. 50.000 ho isa ho Rp. 60.000 'me bongata bo batloang bakeng sa X e ntle bo eketseha ho tloha ho li-unit tse 30 ho isa ho li-unit tse 35, joale:
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ho Bongata ba Molemo X} = \frac{35 – 30}{30} \makgetlo a 100 = 16,67\% \]
\[ \%\ \text{Phetoho ho Theko ea Molemo Y} = \frac{60.000 – 50.000}{50.000} \makhetlo a 100 = 20\% \]
\[ CED = \left| \frac{16,67}{20} \right| = 0,83 \]
Tlhaloso ea Elasticity
Elasticity e baloa e le boleng bo felletseng, empa liphetho li ka hlalosoa ka litsela tse 'maloa:
1. Elastic (>1): Phetoho e kgolo ya peresente ho phetoho e batlwang kapa e fanweng ho arabela phetoho ho phetoho ya sesosa. Mohlala, haeba PED = 2, phetoho ya 10% thekong e tla fetola bongata bo batlwang ka 20%.
2. Inelastic (<1): Karabelo e nyane haholo, e bolelang phetoho e nyane peresenteng ho phetoho e batloang kapa e fanoeng ho sa tsotelehe phetoho e kholo ho phetoho ea sesosa. Mohlala, haeba PED = 0,5, phetoho ea 10% thekong e tla fetola bongata bo batloang ka 5%. 3. Elastic ea yuniti (1): Phetoho thekong e ama bongata bo batloang kapa bo fanoeng ka tekanyo e tšoanang. Mohlala, PED = 1 e bolela hore phetoho ea 10% thekong e baka phetoho ea 10% bongata bo batloang. Qetello Elasticity ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa haholo ho sekasekeng matla a fapaneng moruong. Ka ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho bala mefuta e fapaneng ea elasticity, ebang ke elasticity ea theko ea tlhoko, elasticity ea theko ea phepelo, elasticity ea chelete ea tlhoko, kapa elasticity e tšelang, re ka hlahloba ka nepo karabelo ea 'maraka liphetohong tse itseng. Tsebo ena e thusa haholo ho etseng liqeto tsa moruo, boemong ba motho ka mong le ba mokhatlo, 'me e ka fana ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le hore na mebaraka e sebetsa joang.
