Mohlala oa Motsamao o Potlakileng oa Linear o Tšoanang (GLBB)
Motsamao o Potlakileng ka Tsela e Tšoanang (GLBB) ke sehlooho sa bohlokoa fisiks se hlahang khafetsa lithutong tsa sekolo se phahameng. GLBB ke motsamao oa ntho e otlolohileng ka ho potlaka ho sa khaotseng. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla tlhaloso, mekhoa ea motheo, le mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata a GLBB le litharollo tsa ona.
Tlhaloso ea Motsamao o Potlakileng oa Linear o Tšoanang (GLBB)
Motsamao o Potlakileng ka Tsela e Tšoanang (GLBB) ke motsamao oa ntho e tsamaeang moleng o otlolohileng ka ho potlaka ho sa khaotseng. Ho potlaka ho sa khaotseng ho bolela hore sekhahla sa phetoho ea lebelo la ntho se lula se tsitsitse ha nako e ntse e ea. GLBB e ka aroloa ka mefuta e 'meli:
1. GLBB e Potlakileng: Ntho e na le ho potlaka ho hotle (lebelo le eketseha).
2. GLBB e fokotsehileng: Ntho e ba le lebelo le fosahetseng (lebelo lea fokotseha).
Foromo ea Motheo bakeng sa GLBB
Mekhoa e meng ea motheo ea GLBB e sebelisoang hangata ke:
1. Foromo ea ho qetela ea lebelo (v):
\[ v = v_0 + ho \]
Di mana:
– \( v \) = lebelo la ho qetela (m/s)
– \( v_0 \) = lebelo la pele (m/s)
– \( a \) = ho potlaka (m/s²)
– \(t \) = nako (li)
2. Foromo (me) ea sebaka:
\[ s = v_0 t + \frac{1}{2} ho^2 \]
Di mana:
– \( s \) = sebaka se tsamailweng (m)
– \( v_0 \) = lebelo la pele (m/s)
– \( a \) = ho potlaka (m/s²)
– \(t \) = nako (li)
3. Foromo ea lebelo le sebaka se tsamailoeng:
\[ v^2 = v_0^2 + 2 jwalo ka \]
Di mana:
– \( v \) = lebelo la ho qetela (m/s)
– \( v_0 \) = lebelo la pele (m/s)
– \( a \) = ho potlaka (m/s²)
– \( s \) = sebaka se tsamailweng (m)
Mohlala oa Mathata le Litharollo tsa GLBB
Mehlala e meng ea mathata a GLBB hammoho le mehato ea ho a rarolla ke ena.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1
Potso:
Koloi e tsamaya ka lebelo la pele la 20 m/s mme e na le lebelo la 2 m/s². Bala lebelo la koloi kamora metsotsoana e 5!
Tharollo:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Lebelo la pele (\( v_0 \)) = 20 m/s
– Ho potlaka (\( a \)) = 2 m/s²
– Nako (\( t \)) = metsotsoana e 5
Ho sebedisa foromo ya ho qetela ya lebelo:
\[ v = v_0 + ho \]
\[v = 20 + (2 \makgetlo a 5) \]
\[v = 20 + 10 \]
\[v = 30 \, \mongolo{m/s} \]
Kahoo, lebelo la koloi kamora metsotsoana e 5 ke 30 m/s.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2
Potso:
Ntho e tsamayang ka lebelo la pele la 10 m/s e na le lebelo la -3 m/s². Fumana sebaka se tsamailweng ke ntho ka metsotsoana e 4.
Tharollo:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Lebelo la pele (\( v_0 \)) = 10 m/s
– Ho potlaka (\( a \)) = -3 m/s²
– Nako (\( t \)) = metsotsoana e 4
Ho sebelisa foromo ea hole:
\[ s = v_0 t + \frac{1}{2} ho^2 \]
\[ s = (10 \makgetlo a 4) + \frac{1}{2} (-3) (4)^2 \]
\[ s = 40 + \frac{1}{2} (-3) \makgetlo a 16 \]
\[s = 40 – 24 \]
\[ s = 16 \, \mongolo{m} \]
Kahoo, sebaka se tsamauoang ke ntho eo ka metsotsoana e 4 ke limithara tse 16.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3
Potso:
Sethuthuthu se sa sisinyeheng qalong (lebelo la pele ke 0 m/s) se potlakiswa ka lebelo la 5 m/s². Fumana lebelo la sethuthuthu ka mora ho tsamaya sebaka sa dimithara tse 50.
Tharollo:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Lebelo la pele (\( v_0 \)) = 0 m/s
– Ho potlaka (\( a \)) = 5 m/s²
– Sebaka seo ho tsamailweng ho sona (\( s \)) = limithara tse 50
Ho sebelisa foromo ea lebelo le sebaka:
\[ v^2 = v_0^2 + 2 jwalo ka \]
\[ v^2 = 0 + 2 \makhetlo a 5 \makhetlo a 50 \]
\[ v^2 = 500 \]
\[v = \sqrt{500} \]
\[v = 22,36 \, \mongolo{m/s} \]
Kahoo, lebelo la sethuthuthu ka mora ho tsamaya sebaka sa dimithara tse 50 ke 22,36 m/s.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 4
Potso:
Ntho e tsamaya ka lebelo la pele la 15 m/s mme e fokotseha ka 4 m/s² ho fihlela e ema. Ho nka nako e kae hore ntho e eme?
Tharollo:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Lebelo la pele (\( v_0 \)) = 15 m/s
– Lebelo la ho qetela (\( v \)) = 0 m/s
– Ho potlaka (\( a \)) = -4 m/s²
Ho sebedisa foromo ya ho qetela ya lebelo:
\[ v = v_0 + ho \]
\[ 0 = 15 + (-4) t \]
\[ -15 = -4 t \]
\[t = \frac{15}{4} \]
\[t = 3,75 \, \mongolo{metsotsoana} \]
Kahoo, nako eo ntho e emang ka yona ke metsotsoana e 3,75.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 5
Potso:
Koloi e tsamaya ka lebelo la pele la 25 m/s mme e ba le lebelo la 3 m/s² ka metsotsoana e 6. Fumana sebaka se tsamailweng ke koloi nakong ena.
Tharollo:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Lebelo la pele (\( v_0 \)) = 25 m/s
– Ho potlaka (\( a \)) = 3 m/s²
– Nako (\( t \)) = metsotsoana e 6
Ho sebelisa foromo ea hole:
\[ s = v_0 t + \frac{1}{2} ho^2 \]
\[ s = (25 \makgetlo a 6) + \frac{1}{2} (3) (6)^2 \]
\[s = 150 + \frac{1}{2} (3) \makgetlo a 36 \]
\[s = 150 + 54 \]
\[ s = 204 \, \mongolo{m} \]
Kahoo, sebaka se koahetsoeng ke koloi ka metsotsoana e 6 ke limithara tse 204.
Qetello
Motsamao o Potlakileng ka Tsela e Tšoanang (GLBB) ke mohopolo oa bohlokoa fisiks o hlalosang motsamao oa ntho ka ho potlaka ho sa khaotseng. Ho utloisisa mekhoa ea motheo ea GLBB le ho khona ho e sebelisa maemong a fapaneng ke bokhoni ba bohlokoa fisiks. Ka mehlala e kaholimo, re ka bona kamoo mekhoa ena e sebelisoang ho bala lebelo, sebaka le nako tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a motsamao. Ka boikoetliso bo lekaneng, kutloisiso ena ea GLBB e ka matlafatsoa le ho sebelisoa mathateng a rarahaneng a fisiks.
