Sistimi ea Endocrine le Lihormone: Sehlopha sa 'Mino sa Lik'hemik'hale
Pendahuluan
Sistimi ea endocrine ke e 'ngoe ea litsamaiso tse kholo 'meleng oa motho tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho laola mesebetsi e fapaneng ea baeloji ka ho ntša lihormone. Sistimi ena e kenyelletsa litšoelesa le lisele tse fapaneng tse hlahisang le ho lokolla lihormone, hammoho le mekhoa e rarahaneng e laolang tlhahiso le ho lokolloa ha tsona. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa sistimi ea endocrine, lihormone tse fapaneng tseo e li hlahisang, le karolo ea bohlokoa eo li e bapalang ho boloka botsitso ba 'mele' meleng.
Likarolo tse ka Sehloohong tsa Tsamaiso ea Endocrine
Sistimi ea endocrine e na le litšoelesa tse 'maloa tse kholo tse fumanehang' meleng oohle, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le karolo e itseng. Tse ling tsa tsena li kenyelletsa:
1. Hypothalamus: E sebetsa e le molaoli ea ka sehloohong ea hokahanyang tsamaiso ea methapo le tsamaiso ea endocrine ka tšoelesa ea pituitary.
2. Pituitary Gland: E tsejoa e le "master gland", hobane e ntša lihormone tse laolang litšoelesa tse ling tsa endocrine.
3. Tšoelesa ea qoqotho: E hlahisa lihormone tsa thyroxine le triiodothyronine tse laolang metabolism.
4. Litšoelesa tsa Parathyroid: Li ntša hormone ea parathyroid e laolang maemo a calcium maling.
5. Litšoelesa tsa adrenal: Li hlahisa lihormone tsa cortisol, adrenaline, le aldosterone tse phethang karolo ea karabelo ea khatello ea maikutlo le ho leka-lekana ha letsoai.
6. Pancreas: E hlahisa insulin le glucagon tse laolang tsoekere maling.
7. Li-gonad (Mahe a bomme le mae a bomme): Li hlahisa lihormone tsa thobalano tse kang estrogen, progesterone, le testosterone tse phethang karolo ea ho ikatisa le nts'etsopele ea thobalano ea bobeli.
8. Phaene ea phaene: E hlahisa melatonin e laolang potoloho ea boroko le ho tsoha.
Mefuta ea Lihormone le Mesebetsi ea Tsona
Lihormone ke limolek'hule tsa lik'hemik'hale tse lokolloang ke litšoelesa tsa endocrine maling, tse jereng litaelo ho ea liseleng tse reretsoeng. Lihormone li ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse tharo tse kholo ho latela sebopeho sa tsona sa lik'hemik'hale: li-peptide, li-steroid le li-amine.
1. Lihormone tsa Peptide: Mehlala e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa insulin, glucagon, le hormone ea kholo. Lihormone tsa Peptide li entsoe ka liketane tsa li-amino acid 'me hangata li sebetsa kapele hobane ha ho hlokahale hore li hlahisoe ke lisele tse reriloeng.
2. Lihormone tsa Steroid: Li hlahisoa ka k'holeseterole, mehlala e kenyelletsa cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen le testosterone. Lihormone tsena li ama tlhahiso ea protheine liseleng tse reriloeng 'me hangata li nka nako e telele ho fihlela liphello tsa tsona.
3. Lihormone tsa Amine: Li hlahisoa ka li-amino acid tse le 'ngoe, tse kang lihormone tsa thyroid (thyroxine) le catecholamines (adrenaline le noradrenaline).
Kamoo Lihormone li Sebetsang Kateng
Lihormone li sebetsa ka ho tlama li-receptor tse itseng lera la sele kapa ka har'a sele e reriloeng. Ho na le lihlopha tse peli tse kholo mabapi le mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea lihormone:
1. Li-Receptor tsa Lera: Lihormone tsa peptide le li-catecholamine li atisa ho tlama ho li-receptor tse holim'a sele. Ho tlama hona ho baka letoto la liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale ka har'a cytoplasm ea sele tse lebisang karabelong e potlakileng.
2. Li-Receptor tsa ka Hare: Li-steroid le lihormone tsa thyroid li kenella ka har'a lera la sele 'me li tlama ho li-receptor tse fumanehang ka har'a cytoplasm kapa nucleus. Lihormone tsena li ntan'o kenya tšebetsong kapa ho tima liphatsa tsa lefutso, tse susumetsang tlhahiso ea protheine 'meleng. Ts'ebetso ena e atisa ho ba butle ho feta mokhoa oo lihormone li sebelisanang le li-receptor tsa lera ka oona.
Taolo ea Sistimi ea Endocrine
Sistimi ea endocrine e itlhophisa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho arabela, haholo-holo ho arabela ho fosahetseng. Mohlala ke taolo ea lihormone tsa thyroid:
1. Ha maemo a lihormone tsa thyroid (T3 le T4) maling a phahame haholo, hypothalamus e fokotsa ho ntšoa ha Hormone e lokollang Thyrotropin (TRH).
2. TRH e tlase e fokotsa ho ntšoa ha Hormone e susumetsang qoqotho (TSH) ho tsoa tšoeleseng ea pituitary.
3. TSH e tlase e baka phokotseho tlhahisong ea T3 le T4 ho tsoa tšoeleseng ea qoqotho, e leng se khutlisetsang botsitso ba lihormone tsa qoqotho maling.
Karolo ea Lihormone Bophelong ba Letsatsi le Letsatsi
Lihormone li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa likarolong tse ngata tsa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, ho kenyeletsoa:
1. Metabolism ea Matla: Insulin le glucagon, tse hlahisoang ke manyeme, li laola maemo a tsoekere maling, li etsa bonnete ba hore lisele tsa 'mele li fumana matla a lekaneng ho phetha mesebetsi ea tsona.
2. Kgolo le Nts'etsopele: Hormone ea kholo e tsoang tšoeleseng ea pituitary e khothalletsa kholo ea masapo le lisele. Lihormone tsa thobalano tse kang estrogen le testosterone li laola nts'etsopele ea litšobotsi tsa bobeli tsa thobalano.
3. Tekanyo ea Electrolyte le Mokelikeli: Hormone ea aldosterone e tsoang litšoeleseng tsa adrenal e thusa ho laola tekanyo ea sodium le potasiamo 'meleng, e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa khatello ea mali le ts'ebetso ea methapo.
4. Potoloho ea Boroko le Tsoho: Melatonin e tsoang ho tšoelesa ea pineal e thusa ho laola potoloho ea boroko le tsoho, e leng se etsang hore 'mele o robale ka ho lekaneng.
5. Karabelo Khatellong ea Maikutlo: Cortisol le adrenaline tse tsoang litšoeleseng tsa adrenal li lokisetsa 'mele ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo le ea 'mele.
Mathata a Tsamaiso ea Endocrine
Mathata a tsamaiso ea endocrine a ka baka mathata a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle, ho tloha ho a bobebe ho isa ho a tebileng. Maemo a mang a tloaelehileng a kenyelletsa:
1. Lefu la Tsoekere Mellitus: Ho haella ha insulin kapa ho hanyetsa insulin ho baka maemo a phahameng a tsoekere maling a sa laoleheng.
2. Hyperthyroidism: Maemo a feteletseng a hormone ea thyroid a baka metabolism e feteletseng 'meleng, hangata e tsamaeang le matšoao a kang ho theola boima ba' mele ka potlako, ho otla ha pelo ka potlako, le ho fufuleloa ho feteletseng.
3. Hypothyroidism: Tlhahiso e tlase ea lihormone tsa thyroid e baka metabolism e liehang, e leng se ka lebisang mokhathaleng, ho nona le ho tepella maikutlong.
4. Cushing's syndrome: Cortisol e feteletseng e baka keketseho ea mafura 'meleng, khatello e phahameng ea mali le mathata a mang.
5. Lefu la Addison: Khaello ea aldosterone le cortisol e ka baka bofokoli, ho theola boima ba 'mele le khatello e tlase ea mali.
Ho koala
Sistimi ea endocrine le lihormone li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng botsitso ba ka hare ba 'mele oa motho. Li laola mesebetsi e mengata, ho tloha metabolism le kholo ho isa likarabelong tsa khatello ea maikutlo. Ho utloisisa hore na tsamaiso ea endocrine e sebetsa joang, mefuta ea lihormone le mekhoa ea tsona ea taolo ke senotlolo sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle le ho thibela mathata a ka bang teng.
Ka tsoelo-pele ea bongaka le baeloji, mafu a mangata a endocrine joale a ka tsejoa le ho phekoloa ka katleho e kholoanyane, e leng se nolofalletsang batho ho phela bophelo bo botle le bo behang litholoana haholoanyane. Ho utloisisa le ho laola tsamaiso ea endocrine ha se taba ea saense feela, empa hape ke senotlolo sa boleng bo betere ba bophelo.
