Melemo ea Li-fungus bakeng sa Indasteri
Pendahuluan
Li-fungus, kapa li-mushroom, ke sehlopha sa lintho tse phelang tse oelang 'musong oa Li-fungus, tse kenyeletsang mefuta e fapaneng e kang tomoso, hlobo le li-mushroom tsa 'nete. Li-fungus li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tikolohong libakeng tse fapaneng tsa tikoloho ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho bola lintho tse phelang. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba bangata ha ba tsebe hore li-fungus li boetse li na le lits'ebetso tse pharaletseng makaleng a fapaneng a indasteri. Ho tloha tlhahisong ea lijo le lino ho ea meriana, ka lipatlisiso le theknoloji tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho fetoha, li-fungus li fana ka melemo e meholo tsoelo-peleng ea indasteri. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa li-fungus makaleng a fapaneng a indasteri le melemo eo li e hlahisang.
Li-fungus Indastering ea Lijo
Ho belisa
E 'ngoe ea menehelo e meholo ea li-fungus indastering ke ka mokhoa oa ho bela . Ho bela ke mokhoa oa biochemical oo li-fungus, tse kang tomoso (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), li fetolang tsoekere hore e be joala le carbon dioxide. Mokhoa ona ke motheo oa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa lijo le lino tse kang veine, biri, bohobe le chisi.
1. Tlhahiso ea Borotho: Tomoso e thusa ho phahamisa hlama ea bohobe ka ho hlahisa khase ea carbon dioxide e etsang hore bohobe bo phahame 'me bo be le sebopeho se bobebe.
2. Tlhahiso ea biri le veine: Indastering ea lino tse tahang, tomoso e belisa tsoekere lijo-thollong le litholoana ho hlahisa joala. Ts'ebetso ena ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsa biri le veine.
3. Chisi le Lihlahisoa tsa Lebese le Belisitsoeng: Mefuta e 'maloa ea li-fungus, joalo ka Penicillium, e sebelisoa ho hlahiseng chisi e putsoa, moo li-fungus li fang chisi monko oa eona o ikhethang le tatso.
Ho Sireletsa Lijo
Li-fungus li boetse li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea lijo. Li-enzyme tseo li li hlahisang li ka sebelisoa ho arola lintho tse rarahaneng tsa tlhaho hore e be mefuta e bonolo, e ka silang habonolo. Mohlala, Aspergillus oryzae e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea soya sauce le miso, lihlahisoa tsa soya tse belisitsoeng tse tsebahalang lijong tsa Asia.
Li-fungus Indastering ea Meriana
Lithibela-mafu
Ho sibolloa ha penicillin ke Alexander Fleming e bile e 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa thutong ea meriana. Penicillin, e hlahisoang ke fungus Penicillium chrysogenum, e bile lithibela-mafu tsa pele tse fumanoeng 'me e pholositse maphelo a limilione ho tloha ha e sebelisoa. Ho tloha ka nako eo, lithibela-mafu tse ling tse fapaneng tse hlahisoang ke li-fungus li 'nile tsa sibolloa, tse kang cephalosporins le griseofulvin.
Li-immunomodulator le Li-anticancer
Li-fungus tse ling li hlahisa metsoako e sebetsang ea 'mele e nang le bokhoni ba ho ba li-agent tse thibelang kankere le tsa ho laola sesole sa 'mele. Mohlala, polysaccharide krestin (PSK), e arotsoeng ho Coriolus versicolor, fungus ea lehong, e 'nile ea sebelisoa kalafong ea kankere e le ho matlafatsa sesole sa' mele.
Tlhahiso ea Livithamine
Li-fungus tse kang Ashbya gossypii li sebelisoa tlhahisong ea khoebo ea vithamine B2 (riboflavin). Riboflavin ke vithamine ea bohlokoa bakeng sa metabolism ea matla le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea sele .
Li-fungus Indastering ea Biotechnology
Tlhahiso ea Li-enzyme
Li-fungus ke bahlahisi ba tlhaho ba li-enzyme tse fapaneng tse thusang haholo lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri. Li-enzyme tsena li kenyelletsa li-protease, lipase, cellulase le amylase, tse sebelisoang tlhahisong ea sesepa, ts'ebetsong ea lijo, tlhahiso ea biofuel le kalafo ea litšila.
1. Sesepa: Liprotheine tse hlahisoang ke li-fungus li sebelisoa ka har'a sesepa ho thusa ho qhaqha liprotheine le ho tlosa matheba a thata liaparong.
2. Biofuel: Cellulase e sebediswa ho fetola lignocellulosic biomass hore e be tswekere e ka bediswang ho ba ethanol, biofuel e sireletsang tikoloho haholoanyane.
3. Phekolo ea Litšila: Li-fungus li ka sebelisoa ho lokisa lintho tse silafatsang tsa tlhaho le litšepe tse boima tse tsoang mobung le metsing.
Tlhahiso ea Asiti ea Organic
Aspergillus niger ke fungus e sebelisoang haholo tlhahisong ea citric acid le gluconic acid, e leng metsoako e 'meli e nang le mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso tsa indasteri. Citric acid e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho boloka le ho ntlafatsa tatso indastering ea lijo le lino, hammoho le motsoako oa mantlha oa sesepa le meriana.
Li-fungus Indastering ea Masela
Ho daea
Li-fungus li na le mebala ea tlhaho e ka sebelisoang e le lidae tsa masela, e leng se etsang hore li be mosa tikolohong ho feta mebala ea maiketsetso. Mefuta e meng ea li-fungus e hlahisa mebala e ka fetisang mebala e khanyang masela a nang le botsitso bo botle ba 'mala.
Li-enzyme bakeng sa ho sebetsana le lesela
Li-enzyme tse hlahisoang ke li-fungus le tsona li sebelisoa ts'ebetsong ea lesela. Mohlala, li-enzyme tsa amylase li ka sebelisoa ho tlosa starch (boholo) leselang, ho thusa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba lona le ho tšoarella ha lona.
Li-fungus Temong
Mofedisi oa Likokoanyana
Li-fungus tse kang Beauveria bassiana le Metarhizium anisopliae li sebelisoa e le li-biopesticides ho laola bongata ba likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo. Li ka tšoaetsa le ho bolaea likokoanyana ka tsela e sa senyeng limela kapa tikoloho 'me ke mokhoa o sireletsehileng oa ho sebelisa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka lik'hemik'hale.
Biofertilizer
Li-fungus tsa mycorrhizal li thusa ho eketsa ho monyela limatlafatsi limela ka ho atolosa metso ea tsona. Li ka ntlafatsa ho fumaneha ha phosphorus, naetrojene le limatlafatsi tse ling, tsa matlafatsa ho hanyetsa limela mafung, le ho ntlafatsa kholo ea limela.
Qetello
Li-fungus ke sehlopha sa lintho tse phelang tse feto-fetohang haholo tse nang le melemo e meholo makaleng a fapaneng a indasteri. Ho tloha ho belisoa le ho hlophisoa ha lijo ho isa meriana, theknoloji ea baeloji, masela le temo, ts'ebeliso ea li-fungus indastering ha e ntlafatse feela bokhoni le boleng ba sehlahisoa empa hape e fana ka litharollo tse mosa tikolohong le tse tšoarellang. Ka lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele, karolo ea li-fungus indastering e ka 'na ea atoloha, e leng se lebisang ho boqapi bo eketsehileng le tsoelo-pele masimong a mangata a fapaneng.
Ka lebaka la melemo le bokgoni bo pharaletseng ba di-fungus, ho bohlokwa hore re tswele pele ho kgothaletsa dipatlisiso tse tebileng le diphuputso. Ka tsela ena, re ka sebedisa bokgoni ba tsona ka tsela e molemo le ho kenya letsoho ditharollong tse ntjha tse tshehetsang ntshetsopele ya makala a fapaneng a diindasteri.
