Mesebetsi le Melao-motheo ea Ts'ebetso ea Li-Turbocharger
Mehleng ena e susumetsoang ke takatso e sa feleng ea ho sebetsa hantle le ho sebetsa hantle, li-turbocharger li eme ka pele ho theknoloji ea likoloi e fetolang maemo. Lisebelisoa tsena tsa mechini, tse qalileng ho hlahisoa mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, li fetotse tsela eo lienjene tsa ho chesa ka hare li sebetsang ka eona, li hatella matla a mangata ho tsoa ho li-displacement tsa enjene tse nyane, ha ka nako e ts'oanang li sebetsana le matšoenyeho a kang ts'ebetso e ntle ea mafura le mesi e tsoang. Ho ananela ka botlalo tšusumetso ea turbocharger, ho bohlokoa ho hlahloba mesebetsi ea eona le melao-motheo ea ts'ebetso.
Mesebetsi ea Li-Turbocharger
1. Ntlafatso ea Matla:
Li-turbocharger li etselitsoe ho eketsa tlhahiso ea matla a enjene. Ka ho qobella moea o mongata ka phapusing ea ho tuka, turbocharger e netefatsa hore ho na le oksijene e ngata bakeng sa ho tuka, e leng se lumellang hore peterole e ngata e chesoe. Sena se fella ka tjhaja e teteaneng, e hlahisang matla le torque e ngata ntle le tlhoko ea ho eketsa boholo ba 'mele ba enjene.
2. Mafura a Ntlafetseng:
Motho a ka ’na a nahana hore matla a mangata a lebisa keketsehong ea tšebeliso ea mafura. Leha ho le joalo, li-turbocharger li ka boela tsa etsa hore lienjene li boloke mafura hantle. Hobane enjene e nang le turbocharger e ka hlahisa matla a tšoanang le a enjene e kholoanyane e bululetsoeng ka tlhaho, e ka sebetsa hantle haholoanyane. Ha e laoloa hantle, turbocharger e lumella lienjene tse nyane ho sebetsa joaloka tse khōloanyane, kahoo e sebelisa mafura a fokolang ka kakaretso.
3. Phokotso ea ho Hlahisa Mosi:
Li-turbocharger li ka boela tsa thusa ho fokotsa mesi e kotsi. Enjene e ka chesang peterole ka katleho e tla ntša litšila tse fokolang. Mahlale a sejoale-joale a turbocharger joalo ka ho potoloha ha khase ea mosi (EGR) le litsamaiso tsa ho fokotsa li-catalytic reduction (SCR) li sebelisana hantle le li-turbocharger ho fokotsa mesi e kotsi ea li-oxide tsa naetrojene (NOx) le lintho tse nyenyane.
4. Puseletso ea Bophahamo:
Ha boemo bo le holimo, khatello ea moea le ho teteana ha oona lia fokotseha, e leng se ka fokotsang matla a enjene. Li-turbocharger li thusa ho fokotsa bothata bona ka ho hatella moea o mosesaane ho fihlela boemong bo tšoanang le ba leoatle, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ho sa tsotelehe bophahamo.
Melao-motheo ea ho Sebetsa ea Li-Turbocharger
Turbocharger ka tlhaho ke pompo ea moea e entsoeng ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, e nang le likarolo tse peli tsa mantlha: turbine le compressor. Mona ke kamoo likarolo tsena li sebetsang le ho sebetsa 'moho kateng:
1. Turbine:
Leeto le qala ka mosi o mongata wa mosi. Ha enjene e ntse e sebetsa, e hlahisa dikhase tsa mosi tseo hangata di neng di tla ntshwa ka hara mothapo wa morao. Leha ho le jwalo, tsamaisong ya turbocharged, dikhase tsena tsa mosi tse nang le matla a mangata di fetisetswa ntlong ya turbine. Ka hare ho ntlo, dikhase tse tsamayang ka potlako di potoloha lebili la turbine. Lebili la turbine le hokahantswe ka shaft lebiling la compressor le fumanehang ntlong ya compressor ka lehlakoreng le leng.
2. Kompresa:
Ha lebili la turbine le ntse le potoloha, le kganna lebili la compressor. Lebili la compressor, le potolohang ka diphetoho tse dikete ka motsotso (RPM), le hula moya o potolohang mme le o hatella. Moya ona o hatelletsoeng, oo hona jwale o nang le boima bo phahameng, o qobellwa ho kena ka hara manifold ya enjene mme hamorao o kene ka hara dikamore tsa ho tuka. Ka lebaka la boima bo phahameng ba moya, dimolek'hule tse ngata tsa oksijene di a fumaneha bakeng sa ho tuka, e leng se fellang ka keketseho e kgolo ya matla.
3. Taolo ea Matlafatso:
Bongata ba keketseho (khatello ea moea o hatelletsoeng) e tlisoang ke turbocharger bo hloka taolo e hlokolosi ho thibela tšenyo ea enjene. Sena se laoloa ke karolo e tsejoang e le wastegate. Wastegate e ka ba ea kantle kapa ea kahare 'me e sebetsa ka ho faposa likhase tse ngata tsa mosi hole le lebili la turbine hang ha khatello ea keketseho e lakatsehang e fihletsoe. Ka ho qoba tse ling tsa likhase tsa mosi, wastegate e thibela turbocharger ho eketseha ho feta tekano 'me e netefatsa hore enjene e sebetsa ka har'a liparamente tse sireletsehileng.
4. Mekhoa ea ho Pholisa:
Ka lebaka la mocheso le khatello eo li-turbocharger li sebetsang ho eona, ho pholisa ka katleho ho bohlokoa. Mefuta e 'meli ea mantlha ea ho pholisa e sebelisoa: ho pholisa oli le ho pholisa metsi. Ho pholisa oli ho kenyelletsa ho potoloha oli ea enjene ka har'a turbocharger ho monya le ho qhala mocheso, ha ho pholisa metsi ho kenyelletsa ho sebelisa sepholisa sa enjene ho fihlela morero o tšoanang. Li-turbocharger tse ngata tsa sejoale-joale li sebelisa motsoako oa tsona ka bobeli ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle le nako e telele.
Theknoloji e Tsoetseng Pele ea Turbocharging
Ha theknoloji e ntse e tswela pele, di-turbocharger di se di rarahane haholo, di kenyeletsa dikarolo tse tswetseng pele ho ntlafatsa tshebetso le botshepehi:
1. Li-Turbocharger tsa Jiometri tse Fetohang (VGT):
Li-VGT li na le li-vane tse fetoloang ka har'a ntlo ea turbine tse ka fetolang phallo ea likhase tsa mosi lebiling la turbine. Moralo ona o lumella taolo e betere ea khatello ea boost ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ea lebelo la enjene, ho fokotsa ho lieha ha turbo le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso.
2. Li-Turbocharger tsa Twin-Scroll:
Ho fapana le di-turbo tsa setso tsa ho phunya motlakase o le mong, di-turbocharger tse pedi tsa ho phunya motlakase di na le di-inlets tse pedi tsa kgase ya ho ntsha mosi tse arolang di-pulse tsa ho ntsha mosi ho di-cylinder tse fapaneng. Sebopeho sena se ntlafatsa ho ntsha mosi, se fokotsa ho dieha ha turbo, mme se ntlafatsa bokgoni ka kakaretso.
3. Li-Turbocharger tsa Motlakase:
Li-turbocharger tsa motlakase li sebelisa enjene ea motlakase ho thusa lebili la turbine, ho fokotsa ho lieha le ho fana ka karabelo e potlakileng haholoanyane. Litsamaiso tsena li ka boela tsa sebetsa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho khutlisa matla, tsa hapa matla a senyehileng nakong ea ho fokotsa lebelo ho tjhaja libeteri likoloing tse tsoakiloeng.
Litlamorao tse Sebetsang le Mekhoa ea Nakong e Tlang
Litlamorao tse sebetsang tsa turbocharging li atoloha ho feta likoloi tse sebetsang feela. Kajeno, li-turbocharging li fumaneha haholo likoloing tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, literaka tsa khoebo, esita le lits'ebetsong tsa likepe le tsa lifofane. Bokhoni ba tsona ba ho fana ka tekano ea matla, bokhoni le mesi e fokolang e ntšang mosi li li etsa karolo ea bohlokoa moralong oa enjene oa sejoale-joale.
Ha re sheba pele, karolo ea li-turbocharger e kanna ea atoloha le ho feta ka ho kopanngoa ha litsamaiso tsa ho tsamaisa motlakase tse kopantsoeng le tsa motlakase. Lintlafatso tse kang li-turbocharger tse thusoang ke motlakase le litsamaiso tsa turbo-compound, tse sebelisang matla a mosi ho hlahisa motlakase, li emela tataiso ea theknoloji ena nakong e tlang.
Li-turbocharger li tsamaile leeto le lelelele ho tloha ha li thehoa, li ipaka li le bohlokoa haholo tikolohong ea boenjiniere ba likoloi le mechini. Ka ho utloisisa mesebetsi ea tsona le melao-motheo ea ts'ebetso, motho a ka ananela motsoako oa bonono le saense o kenang phetohong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea lebili la turbocharger, qetellong o re isa bokamosong bo sebetsang hantle le bo matla haholoanyane.
