Mohlala oa enjene ea mocheso (ts'ebeliso ea molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics)

Mehlala e 9 ea mathata a enjene ea mocheso (ts'ebeliso ea molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics)

1. Potolohong e le 'ngoe, enjene e monya li-Joules tse 3000 tsa mocheso ho tsoa polokelong ea mocheso o phahameng 'me e hana li-Joules tse 1000 tsa mocheso ho ea polokelong ea mocheso o tlase. Fumana bokhoni ba enjene ea mocheso!

Puisano
Enjene ea mocheso Lentsoe "carnot" lipotsong tse leqepheng lena ha le tšoane le enjene ea Carnot. Enjene ea Carnot ke enjene e ntle ea mocheso 'me e teng feela ka khopolo-taba. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, enjene ea mocheso eo ho buuoang ka eona potsong ena ke enjene ea mocheso ea 'nete, eseng enjene ea mocheso ea khopolo-taba (enjene ea Carnot).
Hoa tsebahala :
Mocheso o monyela (Q)_H) = 3000 Joule
Mocheso o lokollotsoe (Q)_L) = 1000 Joule
Mosebetsi o hlahisitsoeng ke mochini (W) = 3000 – 1000 = 2000 Joules
E botsitsoe : Bokgoni ba enjene ya mocheso (e)
Jawab :

2. Enjene e futhumatsang e hlahisa li-Joule tse 2000 tsa mosebetsi 'me e hana li-Joule tse 500 tsa mocheso ka potoloho e le 'ngoe. Bokhoni ba enjene ke…

Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Mosebetsi o hlahisitsoeng ke mochini (W) = 2000 Joules
Mocheso o lokollotsoe (Q)_L) = 5000 Joule
Mocheso o monyela (Q)_H) = 2000 + 5000 = 7000 Joule
E botsitsoe : Bokgoni ba enjene ya mocheso (e)
Jawab :

3. Enjene ea koloi e na le bokhoni ba 30%. Haeba enjene e hlahisa li-Joules tse 10.000 tsa mosebetsi ka potoloho, enjene e hana mocheso o mokae ka potoloho?
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Bokgoni (e) = 30% = 30/100 = 0,3
Mosebetsi o hlahisitsoeng ke mochini (W) = 3000 Joules
E botsitsoe : Mocheso o fokotsoang ke enjene potolohong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe (Q_L)
Jawab :
Bala mocheso o monyehileng (Q)_H) ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa katleho (e) oa enjene ea mocheso:
Mocheso o fela ka potoloho (Q)_L) = mocheso o monyehileng (Q_H) – mosebetsi o hlahisitsoeng (W)
Q_L = Lijoule tse 10.000 – Lijoule tse 3000
Q_L = 7000 Joule

Bokgoni ba dienjene tsa mocheso, dienjene tsa Carnot

4. Enjene ea mocheso e monya li-Joules tse 3.000 tsa mocheso ho tsoa polokelong ea mocheso o phahameng 'me e hana li-Joules tse 2.400 ho ea polokelong ea mocheso o tlase. Bokhoni ba enjene ke ....
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 20%
D. 30%
E. 40%
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala :
Q_H = 3000 Joule, Q_L = Lijoule tse 2400.
E botsitsoe :
Bokgoni (e) ba enjene ya mocheso?
Jawab :
Karabo e nepahetseng ke C.

5. Enjene ea Carnot e na le pokello ea mocheso o phahameng oa likhato tse 300 ^oC le letamo la mocheso o tlase 80 ^oC. Bokgoni ba mochini ke…
A. 38%
B. 45%
C. 50%
D. 58%
E. 67%
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala :
T_L = 80^oC = (80 + 273) K = 353 K
T_H = 300^oC = (300 + 273) K = 573 K
Haeba mocheso o tsejoa ka diyuniti tsa Celsius, o lokela ho fetoloa ho diyuniti tsa Kelvin (Kelvin ke Sistimi ya Matjhaba ya diyuniti tsa mocheso).
E botsitsoe :
Bokgoni (e) ba enjene ya Carnot?
Jawab :

Karabo e nepahetseng ke A.

6. Mocheso o phahameng oa polokelo ea enjene ea Carnot ke 600 K 'me katleho ea eona ke 60%. Ho fihlela katleho ea 70%, mocheso o phahameng oa polokelo ea enjene ea Carnot o tlameha ho ba...
A. 500 K
B. 800 K
C. 1000 K
D. 1200 K
E. 1500 K
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala :
Lintlha tsa 1: T_H = 600 K, e = 60%
Lintlha tsa 2: T_H = …. K ?, e = 70%
E botsitsoe :
Mocheso o phahameng (T)_H)
Jawab :
Sebelisa data 1 ho bala mocheso o tlase (T)_L).
Sebelisa T_L le data 2 ho bala mocheso o phahameng (T)_H):
Ho fihlella katleho ea 70%, mocheso o phahameng = 800 Kelvin.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke B.

7. Sheba kerafo ea PV ea enjene ea Carnot ka tlase. Haeba W = 5000 Joules, joale tekanyo ea mocheso o lokolloang ke enjene ka potoloho ke...
A. 2.315 Joule
B. 3.475 Joule
C. 3.750 Joule
D. 5.000 Joule
E. 5.600 Joule

Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala :
W = 5000 Joule
T_H = 780 K
T_L = 320 K
E botsitsoe :
Q₂ ?
Jawab :
Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot:
e = 1 – (T_L/T_H) = 1 – (320/780) = 1 – 0,41 = 0,59
Ke 59% feela ea mocheso e sebelisetsoang ho etsa mosebetsi. Sebelisa lintlha tsena ho bala mocheso o monngoang ke enjene ea Carnot (Q)₁).
(0,59)(Q)₁) = 5000 Joule
Q₁ = 5000 Lijoule/0,59 = 8475 Lijoule
Palo ea mocheso o monngoang ke enjene ke 8475 Joules.
Palo ea mocheso o lokolloang ke enjene ka potoloho:
W = Q₁ – Q₂
Li-joule tse 5000 = Li-joule tse 8475 – Q₂
Q₂ = Lijoule tse 8475 – Lijoule tse 5000
Q₂ = 3475 Joule
Karabo e nepahetseng ke B.

8. Sheba setshwantsho sa PV sa enjene ya Carnot ka tlase! Haeba mocheso o monyehile (Q₁) = 8000 Joules joale mosebetsi o etsoang ke enjene ea Carnot ke…
A. 1640 J
B. 4720 J
C. 5640 J
D. 6270 J
E. 8840 J

Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala :
Q₁ = 8000 J
T_H = 820 K
T_L = 380 K
E botsitsoe :
W?
Jawab :
Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot:
e = 1 – (T_L/T_H) = 1 – (380/820) = 1 – 0,46 = 0,54
Ke 54% feela ea mocheso e sebelisetsoang ho etsa mosebetsi. Sebelisa lintlha tsena ho bala mosebetsi o entsoeng ke enjene ea Carnot (W).
(0,59)(8000) = 4720 Joule
Mosebetsi o entsoeng ke enjene ea Carnot ke 4720 Joules.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke B.

9. Enjene ea Carnot e sebetsa pakeng tsa pokello ea mocheso ea 520 ^oC le letamo le batang 110 ^oC. Haeba mochini o monya li-Joules tse 3000 tsa mocheso ho tsoa polokelong e chesang, joale mocheso o haneloang ho tsoa mochining ke...
A. 450 joule
B. 800 joule
C. Metsotso e 1000
D. 1200 joule
E. 1440 joule
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala :
T_H = 520 + 273 = 793 K
T_L = 110 + 273 = 383 K
Q₁ = 3000 J
E botsitsoe :
Q₂ = … ?
Jawab :
Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot:
e = 1 – (383/793) = 1 – 0,48 = 0,52
Sebelisa data ena ho bala mosebetsi o etsoang ke enjene (W)
(0,52)(3000) = 1560 Joule
Mosebetsi o entsoeng ke mochini ke 1560 Joules.
Palo ea mocheso o lokolloang ke enjene:
Q₂ = Lijoule tse 3000 – Lijoule tse 1560
Q₂ = 1440 Joule
Mocheso o lokolloang ke enjene ke 1440 Joules.