Dadaal iyo tamar

Haddii aad riixdo buug saaran miiska dushiisa ilaa buuggu dhaqaaqo markaas waad sameyneysaa ganacsi Buugga. Haddii shay ku dhaco dusha sare ee dhulka sababtoo ah waxaa jiidaya xoogga cufisjiidadka dhulka, markaas xoogga cufisjiidadka dhulku wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa shayga. Taas beddelkeeda, haddii aad shay ku riixdo awooddaada oo dhan ilaa aad ka dhididdo laakiin haddii shaygu uusan dhaqaaqin markaa wax shaqo ah kuma aadan qaban shayga. Nolol maalmeedka, dadka kale waxay yiraahdaan waxaad sameysay dadaal ama shaqo adag oo aad ku riixeyso shayga, laakiin sida laga soo xigtay fiisigis, wax shaqo ah kuma qabanaysid shayga sababtoo ah shaygu ma la kulmo barokac.

Shaqada shay waxaa lagu qaban karaa xoog joogto ah (baaxadda iyo jihada xoogga had iyo jeer way isku mid yihiin) ama xoog isbeddela (baaxadda iyo jihada xoogga had iyo jeer way is beddelaan). Tusaale ahaan awood leh baaxad iyo jiha joogto ah waa xoogga cufisjiidadka ee ku shaqeeya shay marka shaygu uu ku dhow yahay dusha sare ee Dhulka. Marka shay si xor ah ugu dhaco meel u dhow dusha sare ee Dhulka, baaxadda iyo jihada dardargelinta xorta ah ee shaygu waa mid joogto ah sababtoo ah baaxadda iyo jihada xoogga cufisjiidadka ee dedejinaya shayga waa mid joogto ah. Tusaale ahaan xoog leh baaxad doorsoome ah (jihada xoogga waa mid joogto ah) waa ciidanka gugaHaddii aad fidiso gu', inta uu sii kordhayo dhererka ayaa sii adkaanaysa. Cabbirka xoogga lagu saaray gu'ga ma aha mid joogto ah marka gu'gu fido. Tusaale kale waa marka gantaalku u dhaqaaqo hawada sare ama uu ku soo laabto dusha sare ee Dhulka. Marka gantaalku dhaqaaqo, baaxadda xoogga cufisjiidadka ee ku shaqeeya ayaa si leexleexanaysa isu beddesha labajibbaaran ee masaafada u jirta bartamaha Dhulka.

Xisaab ahaan, shaqada ay qabato xoog joogto ah oo ku jira shay waxaa lagu qeexaa natiijada ka soo baxda waqtiga barokaca xoogga ama qaybta xoogga ee jihada barokaca shayga.

Shaqada ay qabato xoog aan joogto ahayn sida gu'ga laguma xisaabin karo qaacidada shaqada ee xoog joogto ah. Haddii gu'gu fidsan yahay, marka gu'gu sii fidsan yahay, xoogga loo baahan yahay si loo fidiyo gu'ga ayaa sidoo kale sii weynaanaya. Sidoo kale, haddii gu'gu la cadaadiyo, marka gu'gu adag yahay, xoogga riixitaanka loo baahan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka weyn. Ilaa inta gu'gu la cadaadiyo ama la fidsan yahay, xoogga gu'gu wuxuu ka beddelaa 0 (x = 0) ilaa ugu badnaan (F = kx) sidaa darteed xoogga gu'ga waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo celceliska.

Tusaalaha dhibaatooyinka

1. Su'aalaha Imtixaanka Qaranka ee 2018

Baloog cuf m ah ayaa saaran dusha siman oo siman. Balooggu wuxuu ku nasanayaa booska (1) waxaana xoog F loogu jiidayaa booska (2) muddo dheer ah sida ku cad sawirka.

Marka la kala duwanaado cufka iyo xoogga, xogta soo socota ayaa la helaa:

Shaxda kore, shaqada ay qabtaan walxaha laga bilaabo kuwa ugu weyn ilaa kuwa ugu yar waa…

Dood

Waa la ogyahay:

Xawaaraha bilowga ah (v)_o= 0

La weydiiyay:

Jawaab:

Qaacidada shaqada:

W = Fs s ……. Qaaciddada 1aad

Qaacidada GLBB:

s = v_o t + 1/2 at²

s = 1/2 at²

Beddelka qaacidada 1aad

W = F (1/2 marka²) ………. Qaaciddada 2aad

Qaacidada xoogga:

F = ma

a = F / m

Beddelka qaacidada 2aad

W = 0,5 F (F/m) t²

W = 0,5 (F)²/m) t² .......... Qaaciddada 3aad

Isticmaal qaacidada 3 si aad u xisaabiso dadaalka.

1) W = 0,5 (F)²/m) t² = 0,5 (3²/12)(4)²) = (0,5)(9/12)(16) = (9/12) 8 = 6

2) W = 0,5 (F)²/m) t² = 0,5 (4²/16)(3)²) = (0,5)(16/16)(9) = (1) 4,5 = 4,5

3) W = 0,5 (F)²/m) t² = 0,5 (5²/20)(2)²) = (0,5)(25/20)(4) = (1,25) 2 = 2,5

4) W = 0,5 (F)²/m) t² = 0,5 (6²/24)(1)²) = (0,5)(36/24)(1) = (1,5) 0,5 = 0,75

Shaqada ay qabtaan walxaha laga bilaabo kuwa ugu weyn ilaa kuwa ugu yar waa 1, 2, 3, 4.

2. Su'aalaha Imtixaanka Qaranka ee SMA/MA 2017

Sanduuq miisaankiisu yahay 6 kg ayaa ku simbiriirixanaya xawaare dhan 8 m/s.^-1 diyaarad qallafsan oo leh xagal janjeedhsan α ka dhanka ah dusha fidsan. Haddii xoogga isjiidjiidka ee ku jira sanduuqa uu yahay 5 N iyo midab madow. α = 3/4, markaa xoogga F ee loo baahan yahay in la mariyo si loo joojiyo sanduuqa hoose ee diyaaradda u janjeerta waa…

A. 15 N

B. 25 N

C. 45 N

D. 55 N

E. 69,4 N

Dood

Waa la ogyahay in:

Cufka sanduuqa (m) = 6 kg

Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s²

Xawaaraha bilowga ah ee sanduuqa (v)_o) = 8 m/s

Xawaaraha kama dambaysta ah ee sanduuqa (v)_t) = 0 m/s (sanduuqu waa inuu joogsadaa ka hor inta uusan gaarin salka diyaaradda u janjeerta)

Xoogga is-qabsiga (F) _mari) = 5 N

Tangent α = dhinaca hore / dhinaca hoose = 3/4

Hoos u dhac yar = 5 mitir

La weydiiyay: F

Jawaab:

Aragtida shaqada iyo tamarta farsamada:

Shaqada ay qabato xoog aan muxaafid ahayn = isbeddelka tamarta farsamada

Shaqada ay qabatay xoog aan muxaafid ahayn = isbeddelka tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo awoodda.

Waxaa jira laba awoodood oo aan muxaafid ahayn, kuwaas oo kala ah isku dhaca kinetic-ga iyo F force.

Shaqada ay sameeyeen xoogga isku dhaca kinetic-ga ee sanduuqa:

W = -(F)_ges)(s) = -(5)(5) = -25

Taban sababtoo ah jihada xoogga is-jiidjiidku waa ka soo horjeedka jihada dhaqdhaqaaqa sanduuqa.

Shaqada waxaa qabtay xoog F:

W = (F)(s) = (F)(5) = -5F

Taban sababtoo ah jihada xoogga F waa ka soo horjeedda jihada dhaqdhaqaaqa sanduuqa.

Isbeddelka tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa:

ΔEK = 1/2 m (v_t² - v_o²) = 1/2 (6)(0)² - 8²) = (3)(0-64) = (3)(-64) = -192

Isbeddelka tamarta cufisjiidadka:

ΔEP = mgh = (6)(10)(-3) = -180

h waa taban sababtoo ah booska kama dambaysta ah wuxuu ka hooseeyaa booska bilowga ah

Aragtida shaqada iyo tamarta farsamada:

W_nc = ΔEM

W_ges +W_F = ΔEP + ΔEK

-25 – 5F = -180 -192

-25 – 5F = -372

-5F = -372 + 25

-5F = – 347

F = -347 / -5

F = 69,4 Newton

Jawaabta saxda ah waa E.

3. Su'aalaha Imtixaanka Qaranka ee SMA/MA 2017

Baloog 10 kg ah ayaa hoos uga soo dhacaya barta A oo u gudbaysa B wuxuuna ku joogsanayaa barta C sida ku cad sawirka. Isku-dhafka is-jiidjiidka ee u dhexeeya baloogga iyo dusha sare ee qallafsan waa 0,2, sidaa darteed dhererka wadada ABC waa…

A. 250 cm

B. 200 cm

C. 150 cm

D. 100 cm

E. 80 cm

Dood

Waa la ogyahay in:

Cufka baloogga (m) = 10 kg

Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s²

Miisaanka baloogga (w) = mg = (10 kg)(10 m/s)²) = 100 Newton

Dhererka diyaaradda u janjeerta (h) = 30 cm = 0,3 mitir

Dhererka diyaaradda u janjeerta = 50 cm = 0,5 mitir

Isku-darka is-jiidjiidka dhaqdhaqaaqa (μ_k= 0,2

Xoogga is-khilaafka kinetic-ga (f)_k) = μ_k N= μ_k w = (0,2)(100 N) = 20 N

La weydiiyay: Dhererka wadada ABC

Jawaab:

Ka fiirso dhaqdhaqaaqa shayga laga bilaabo barta AB.

Tamar farsamo oo bilow ah barta A = tamar awood cufisjiidadka = mgh = (10)(10)(0,3) = (10)(3) = 30 Joules

Tamarta farsamada ee kama dambaysta ah ee barta B = tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa

Sharciga ilaalinta tamarta farsamada:

Tamarta farsamada bilowga ah = tamar farsamo oo kama dambays ah

30 Joules = Tamarta Kinetic-ga

Markaa tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa ee barta B = 30 Joules.

Ka fiirso dhaqdhaqaaqa shayga laga bilaabo barta BC.

Aragtida tamarta shaqada-farsamada waxay sheegaysaa in shaqada ay qabato xoog aan muxaafid ahayn ay la mid tahay isbeddelka tamarta farsamada ee shayga. Isbeddelka tamarta farsamada = tamarta farsamada ee kama dambaysta ah - tamarta farsamada bilowga ah. Xisaab ahaan:

W_NC = ΔEM

W_NC = EM₂ – EM₁

Shayga wuxuu ku yaal meel siman si tamarta cufisjiidadka ay eber u noqoto. Tamarta farsamada (EM) = tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa (EK).

Tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa bilowga ah (EK)₁) = tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa barta B = 30 Joules

Tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa kama dambaysta ah (EK)₂) = tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa ee barta C = 0 (joojinta xannibaadda).

Shaqada ay qabteen xoogga aan muxaafidka ahayn ee BC waa shaqada ay qabteen xoogga isku dhaca kinetic-ga.

W_NC = – f_k s = – 20 ilbiriqsi

Marka

W_NC = EK₂ – EK₁

– 20 ilbiriqsi = 0 - 30

– 20 ilbiriqsi = – 30

20 ilbiriqsi = 30

s = 30/20 = 3/2 = 1,5 mitir = 1,5 x 100 cm = 150 cm.

Dhererka wadada ABC = 50 cm + 150 cm = 200 cm.

Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

4. Imtixaanka Qaranka ee Fiisigiska SMA/MA 2014/2015 Su'aal 8

Fiiri sawirka soo socda! Balooggu wuxuu ku dul simbiriirixan yahay diyaarad qallafsan oo leh isku-darka is-jiidjiid ah 0,4. Haddii g = 10 ms^-2 Markaa xawaaraha baloogga marka uu taabto salka diyaaradda u janjeerta waa...

A. 2√5 ms^-1

B. 2√7 ms^-1

C. 2√14 ms^-1

D. 2√19 ms^-1

E. 2kii√23 ms^-1

Dood

Inta aad fiirineyso sawirka hoose

Waa la ogyahay in:

Dhererka bilowga ah (h)_o) = 6 m

Dhererka kama dambaysta ah (h)_t) = 0 m

Xawaaraha bilowga ah (v)_o= 0 (markii hore balooggu wali waa jiraa)

Isku-darka is-jiidjiidka dhaqdhaqaaqa (μ_k) = 0,4 (balooggu si uu isku-dhafka is-dhexgalka dhaqdhaqaaqa, ee uusan u kala bixin isku-dhafka is-dhexgalka joogtada ah)

Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 ms^-2

cos θ = hoos/jiidma ​​= 8/10

Qaybta miisaanka ee jihada toosan = w_y = w cos θ = mg cos θ = m (10)(8/10) = m (10)(4/5) = m (40/5) = 8 m

Xoogga caadiga ah = N = w_y = 8 m

Xoogga is-khilaafka dhaqdhaqaaqa = f_k = μ_k N= μ_k w_y = (0,4)(8 m) = 3,2 m

La weydiiyay: Xawaaraha kama dambaysta ah (v)_t)

Jawaab:

Aragtida tamarta shaqada waxay sheegaysaa in shaqada ay qabato xoog aan muxaafid ahayn oo ku jira shay ay la mid tahay isbeddelka tamarta farsamada ee shayga. Tusaale ahaan xoogga aan muxaafidka ahayn waa isku dhaca kinetic-ga.

W_nc = ΔEM

W_nc = ΔEK + ΔEP

Macluumaadka:

W_nc = Shaqada ay qabteen ciidamada aan muxaafidka ahayn, ΔEM = Isbeddelka tamarta farsamada, ΔEK = Isbeddelka tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa, ΔEP = Isbeddelka tamarta suurtagalka ah.

Isbeddelka tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa:

ΔEK = 1/2 m (v_t² - v_o²) = 1/2 m (v_t² - 0) = 1/2 mv_t²

Isbeddelka tamarta suurtagalka ah:

ΔEP = mg (h)_t - h_o) = m (10)(0-6) = m (10)(-6) = – 60 m

Shaqada waxaa lagu sameeyaa isku-dhafka dhaqdhaqaaqa:

Wnc = – f_k s = – (3,2 m)(10) = – 32 m

Waa taban sababtoo ah xoogga isku dhaca kinetic-ga wuxuu sameeyaa shaqo taban, halkaas oo jihada xoogga isku dhaca kinetic-ga (kor) ay ka soo horjeeddo jihada uu shaygu u socdo (hoos).

Xisaabi xawaaraha ugu dambeeya (v)_t):

Wnc = ΔEK + ΔEP

- 32 m = 1/2 mv_t² - 60 m

- 32 m = m (1/2 v)_t² - 60)

- 32 = 1/2 v_t² - 60

– 32 + 60 = 1/2 v_t²

28 = 1/2 v_t²

2 (28) = v_t²

56 = v_t²

v_t = .4.14

v_t = 2√14 ms^-1

Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.

5. Imtixaanka Qaranka ee Fiisigiska SMA/MA 2014/2015 Su'aal Lambarka 8

Sawirka dhinaca ka eeg!

Baloog ayaa hoos ugu dhacaya diyaarad qallafsan, isagoo gaaraya cagta diyaaradda oo u janjeerta xawaare dhan 10 m/s.^-1Haddii xoogga is-jiidjiidku uu yahay 2 N iyo g = 10 ms^-2, markaa qiimaha h waa ....

A. 10 mitir

B. 8 mitir

C. 6 mitir

D. 4 mitir

E. 2 mitir

Dood

Waa la ogyahay in:

Cufka baloogga (m) = 1 kg

Xawaaraha bilowga ah (v)_o= 0 (markii hore balooggu wali waa jiraa)

Xawaaraha kama dambaysta ah (v)_t) = 10 ms^-1

Dhererka bilowga ah (h)_o) = h

Dhererka kama dambaysta ah (h)_t= 0

Xoogga is-khilaafka kinetic-ga (f)_k) = 2 N

Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 ms^-2

La weydiiyay: Dhererka (h)

Jawaab:

Shaqada waxaa lagu sameeyaa isku-dhafka dhaqdhaqaaqa:

Wnc = – f_k s = – (2))(15) = – 30

Waa taban sababtoo ah xoogga isku dhaca kinetic-ga wuxuu sameeyaa shaqo taban, halkaas oo jihada xoogga isku dhaca kinetic-ga (kor) ay ka soo horjeeddo jihada uu shaygu u socdo (hoos).

Isbeddelka tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa:

ΔEK = 1/2 m (v_t² - v_o²) = 1/2 (1)(10² - 0) = 1/2 (10²) = 1/2 (100= 50

Isbeddelka tamarta suurtagalka ah:

ΔEP = mg (h)_t - h_o) = (1)(10)(0-s) = (10)(-s) = -10s

Qaacidada loogu talagalay aragtida shaqada farsamada-tamarta:

Wnc = ΔEK + ΔEP

– 30 = 50 – 10 saacadood

10 saacadood = 50 + 30

10 saacadood = 80

h = 80/10

h = 8 mitir

Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.