Qaacidada Microscope-ka

Cabbirka xagasha ayaa go'aamiya cabbirka sawirka ku samaysmay retina. Sida ka muuqata sawirka kore, shayga yar, ayaa yar cabbirka xagasha sidaas darteedna sawirka ku samaysmay retina ayaa yar. Cabbirka sawirka yar ee retina ayaa ah sababta ay isha ugu adag tahay inay si cad u aragto walxaha yaryar, xitaa marka laga eego meel caadi ah ama meel fog oo 25 cm ah.

Muraayad weyneysa ama lupe waxay leedahay awood xaddidan oo ay ku weyneyn karto cabbirka xagasha, sidaa darteed haddii cabbirka shaygu aad u yar yahay si ay u adag tahay in la arko iyadoo la isticmaalayo lupe, markaa waxaa loo baahan yahay qalab indhaha ah oo leh awood ka wanaagsan oo uu ku weyneyn karo cabbirka xagasha. Qalabka indhaha ee su'aasha laga qabo waa microscope . Qalabka indhaha ee mikroskoobka wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba muraayadood oo wareegsan oo muraayad kasta oo wareegsan loogu yeero muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha. Muraayadda ujeeddada leh waxay u shaqeysaa inay ballaariso cabbirka sawirka oo ay sawirka u soo dhoweyso muraayadda indhaha si cabbirka xaglaha uu u weynaado. Taas beddelkeeda, muraayadda indhaha waxay u shaqeysaa inay ballaariso cabbirka xaglaha si cabbirka sawirka ee ku sameysma isha uu u weynaado.

1. Weyneynta Guud ee Microscope-ka marka Indhuhu ay ugu yaraan ku filan yihiin
1.1 Weyneynta Toosan ee Muraayadda Ujeeddada marka Indhuhu ay ugu Yar yihiin Qaab-dhismeedka
Muraayadda ujeeddadeedu waa muraayad qaloocan Sidaa darteed, qaacidada weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh waxay la mid tahay qaacidada weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda wareegsan.

Sawirka dhabta ah ee ay soo saarto muraayadda ujeeddada leh waxaa loo arkaa shay iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayadda ujeeddada leh. Indhuhu si yar ayay u qaabilaan marka muruqa ciliary ee isha uu ku jiro xaaladdiisa ugu nasashada badan, taasina waxay dhacdaa haddii sawirka ugu dambeeya ee ay soo saarto muraayadda ujeeddada leh uu aad u fog yahay. Si sawirka ugu dambeeya ee ay soo saarto muraayadda ujeeddada leh uu u ahaado mid aad u fog, sawirka dhabta ah ee ay soo saarto muraayadda ujeeddada leh waa inuu ahaadaa barta dhexe ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh. Sidaa darteed, masaafada sawirka dhabta ah ee ka fog muraayadda ujeeddada leh (s)_ob') = masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha (l) - dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f)_ok).

Sharaxaad: m_ob = weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada, l = masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada iyo muraayadda indhaha, f_ok = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha, s_ob = masaafada shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada
Calaamadda taban waa la iska dhaafay sababtoo ah calaamadda taban waxay muujinaysaa oo keliya sawir rogan.
 
1.2 Weyneynta Xaglaha ee Muraayadda Indhaha marka Indhuhu ugu yaraan yihiin Qaab-dhismeedka
Muraayadda indhaha waa muraayad qaloocan, sidaa darteed qaacidada loogu talagalay weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha waa isku mid sida qaacidada weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda qaloocan ee muraayadda weyneynta marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay.
Qaacidada weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda weyneynta ee qaloocan marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay:
M = Ma / f
Dhererka diiradda (f) waxaa loo beddelaa dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f)_ok).
M_ok = Ma / f_ok
Sharaxaad: M = weyneyn xagal, N = masaafada u dhow isha caadiga ah, f_ok = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha.

1.3 Weyneynta Guud ee Xaglaha marka Indhuhu ay ugu Yar yihiin Qaab-dhismeedka
Weynaynta guud ee xagasha (M) waa natiijada weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada (m_ob) oo leh weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha (M_ok):

Masaafada u dhaxaysa labada muraayadood (l) - dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _ok ) = masaafada sawirka laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada (s _ob '). Shayga waxaa la dhigayaa meel aad ugu dhow barta diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada, sidaas darteed masaafada shayga laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada (s _ob ) waxay ku dhowdahay inay la mid tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ).

Sawirka kama dambaysta ah waa mid casri ah, rogrogma, oo aad u fog, oo loo yaqaan mid aan dhammaad lahayn 😉. Masaafada aan dhammaadka lahayn ee sawirka kama dambaysta ah macnaheedu maaha in cabbirka sawirka kama dambaysta ahi uu yahay mid aan dhammaad lahayn.

2. Weyneynta Guud ee Microscope-ka marka Indhuhu ay ku jiraan ugu badnaan Hoyga
2.1 Weyneynta Toosan ee Muraayadda Ujeeddada marka Indhuhu ay ku jiraan ugu badnaan
Muraayadda indhaha waa muraayad qaloocan, sidaa darteed qaacidada weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda indhaha waa isku mid sida qaacidada weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda qaloocan.

Sawirka dhabta ah ee ay soo saarto muraayadda ujeeddada leh waxaa loo arkaa shay ay soo saarto muraayadda indhaha. Indhuhu waxay si ugu badan u qaabilaan marka muruqa ciliary ee isha uu ku jiro xaaladda ugu kacsan, waana la gaaraa haddii sawirka ugu dambeeya ee ay soo saarto muraayadda indhaha uu yahay 25 cm u jirta muraayadda indhaha, halkaas oo 25 cm ay tahay meesha ugu dhow isha caadiga ah. Marka masaafada sawirka ugu dambeeya ee ay soo saarto muraayadda indhaha (okay _' ) ay la mid tahay meesha ugu dhow isha caadiga ah (N) markaa masaafada sawirka dhabta ah ee muraayadda indhaha ( _okay ):

Sawirka ugu dambeeya ee ay soo saarto muraayadda indhaha waa mid casri ah sidaa darteed waxaa la siiyaa calaamad taban.

s _ok waa masaafada sawirka dhabta ah (shayga) laga bilaabo muraayadda indhaha. s _ob ' waa masaafada sawirka dhabta ah laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada. s _ob ' + s _ok = masaafada u dhaxaysa labada muraayadood (l). Markaa s _ob ' = l – s _ok

Sharaxaad: m_ob = weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada, l = masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada iyo muraayadda indhaha, s_ok = masaafada sawirka dhabta ah laga bilaabo muraayadda indhaha, s_ob = masaafada shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada
Calaamadda taban waa la iska dhaafay sababtoo ah calaamadda taban waxay muujinaysaa oo keliya sawir rogan.

2.2 Weyneynta Xaglaha ee Muraayadda Indhaha marka Indhuhu ay ku jiraan ugu badnaan Hoyga
Muraayadda indhaha waa muraayad qaloocan, sidaa darteed qaacidada loogu talagalay weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha waa isku mid sida qaacidada weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda qaloocan ee muraayadda weyneynta marka isha ay ugu badnaan la qabsan karto.
Qaacidada loogu talagalay weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda weyneynta ee qaloocan marka isha ay ugu badnaan ku habboon tahay:

Sharaxaad: M = weyneyn xagal, N = meel u dhow isha caadiga ah, f = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha.
 
2.3 Weyneynta Guud ee Xaglaha marka Indhuhu ay ku jiraan ugu badnaan Hoyga
Weynaynta guud ee xagasha (M) waa natiijada weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada (m_ob) oo leh weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha (M_ok).

Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha (l) - masaafada sawirka dhabta ah laga bilaabo muraayadda indhaha ( _ok ) = masaafada sawirka dhabta ah laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada leh (s _ob '). Shayga waxaa la dhigayaa meel aad ugu dhow barta diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh, sidaas darteed masaafada shayga laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada leh (s _ob ) waxay ku dhowdahay inay la mid tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh (f _ob ). Sidaa darteed, qaacidada kore waxaa loo beddeli karaa: