Microscope isku dhafan - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
1.
Iyada oo ku saleysan sawirka kore, waa maxay weyneynta guud? U qaado isha caadiga ah si barta u dhow (N) ay u noqoto 25 cm.
La yaqaan:
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f o ) = 2 cm
Masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada (d o ) = 2.2 cm
Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah (N) = 25 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f e ) = 25 cm
La Doonayo: Weyneynta guud (M)
Xalka:
Haddii sawirka kama dambaysta ah uu sameeyo muraayadda indhaha ee aan dhammaadka lahayn markaas isha ayaa dabacsan. Haddii sawirka kama dambaysta ahi aanu ahayn mid aan dhammaad lahayn markaas isha ma dabacsana.
Iyada oo ku saleysan sawirka kore, masaafada sawirka dalwaddu waxa sameeya muraayadda indhaha ee aan dhammaadka lahayn. Sawirka ugu dambeeya ee aan dhammaadka lahayn si isha loo nasto.
Marka hore, xisaabi masaafada sawirka laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada (d o '). Muraayadda ujeeddada leh waa muraayadda isu soo baxaysa si masaafada sawirka loogu xisaabiyo iyadoo la adeegsanayo isle'egta muraayadda isu soo baxaysa.
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isku soo ururaysa waa mid togan.
1/d o ' = 1/f o – 1/d o = 1/2 – 1 / 2.2 = 11 / 22 – 10/22 = 1/22
d o ' = 22/1 = 22 cm
Ballaarinta guud ee mikroskoobka :
2.
Iyada oo lagu saleynayo sawirka kore, waa maxay masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeedka leh iyo muraayadda indhaha ee mikroskoobka?
Xalka:
Microscope-ku wuxuu leeyahay muraayado ujeedo leh iyo muraayad indhaha ah (indhaha ah). Microscope-ku waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu arko walxaha aadka isugu dhow. Sawirka ay samaysay muraayadda ujeedo leh waa sawirka dhabta ah. Sawirka waxaa weyneeya muraayadda indhaha oo u beddela sawir aad u weyn oo dalwaddeed.
La yaqaan:
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f o ) = 1.8 cm (Dhererka diiradda waa mid togan sababtoo ah muraayadda ujeeddadu waa muraayadda isku soo ururta)
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f e ) = 6 cm (Dhererka diiradda waa mid togan sababtoo ah muraayadda indhaha waa muraayadda isku soo ururta)
Masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada (d o ) = 2 cm (oo lagu daray calaamad muujinaysa in sawirku yahay mid dhab ah)
La Rabay: Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha (dhererka mikroskoobka = d)
Xalka:
Masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka iyo muraayadda ujeeddada ( d o ') :
1/d o + 1/d o ' = 1/f o
1/d o ' = 1/f o – 1/d o
1/d o ' = 1 / 1.8 – 1/2 = 10/18 – 9/18 = 1/18
d o ' = 18 cm
Sawirka dhabta ah waxaa sameeya muraayadda ujeeddada leh ee ku taal barta dhexe ee muraayadda indhaha, sida ka muuqata sawirka kore.
Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha:
l = d o ' + f e = 18 cm + 6 cm = 24 cm
3.
Masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada waa 1.1 cm, dhererka diiradda muraayadda ujeeddada waa 1 cm, dhererka diiradda muraayadda indhahana waa 5 cm. Waa maxay weynaynta guud ee mikroskoobka?
La yaqaan:
Masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada (d o ) = 1.1 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f o ) = 1 cm (Dhererka diiradda waa mid togan sababtoo ah muraayadda ujeeddadu waa muraayadda isku soo ururta)
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f e ) = 5 cm (Dhererka diiradda waa mid togan sababtoo ah muraayadda indhaha waa muraayadda isku soo ururta)
La Doonayo: Weyneynta guud (M)
Xalka:
Weyneynta guud ee mikroskoobka waa natiijada weyneynta muraayadda ujeedka (m o ) marka loo eego weyneynta xagasha (M e ) ee muraayadda indhaha.
Weyneynta muraayadda ujeeddada leh:
Isle'egta weyneynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada (m ob ) :
m o = h o '/h o = d o '/d o = (l – f e )/d o
halkaas oo
h o ' = dhererka sawirka oo ay samaysay muraayadda ujeeddada leh
h o = dhererka shayga
d o ' = masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka dhabta ah ee ay samaysay muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda ujeeddada leh
d o = masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada
f e = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha
l = dhererka mikroskoobka = masaafada u dhaxaysa labada muraayadood = masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka dhabta ah ee uu sameeyay muraayadda ujeeddada leh (d o ' ) + dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f e )
Masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka dhabta ah ee ay samaysay muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda ujeeddada leh ( d o ') :
Marka hore, go'aami masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka dhabta ah iyo muraayadda ujeeddada leh:
1/d o + 1/d o ' = 1/f o
1/d o ' = 1/f o – 1/d o
1/d o ' = 1/1 – 1 / 1.1 = 11/11 – 10/11 = 1/11
d o ' = 11 cm
Sawirka dhabta ah ee ay samaysay muraayadda ujeeddada leh wuxuu ku yaal barta indhaha, sida ka muuqata sawirka kore.
Weyneynta muraayadda ujeeddada leh:
m o = d o ' / d o = 11 cm / 1.1 cm = 10
Weyneynta muraayadda indhaha:
Haddii isha la dejiyo, markaa weyneynta muraayadda indhaha (M e ):
M e = Ma jiro / f e
Halkee
N = barta isha ee u dhow (25 cm)
f e = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha = 5 cm
Weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha (M e ) :
M e = N / f e = 25 cm / 5 cm = 5
Ballaarinta guud ee mikroskoobka:
M = m o x M e = 10 x 5 = 50
4.
Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha ee mikroskoobka.
La yaqaan:
Masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada (d o ) = 2 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f o ) = 1.8 cm
Masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka dhabta ah iyo muraayadda indhaha (d e ) = 6 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f e ) = 6 cm
La Doonayo: Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha (dhererka mikroskoobka)
Xalka:
Haddii isha la dejiyo, sawirka ugu dambeeya ee ay samaysay muraayadda indhaha waa mid aan dhammaad lahayn. Sawirka ugu dambeeya waa mid aan dhammaad lahayn haddii sawirka dhabta ah ee ay samaysay muraayadda indhaha uu yahay barta dhexe ee muraayadda indhaha.
Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha (l) = masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka dhabta ah ee uu sameeyay muraayadda ujeeddada leh (d o ' ) + dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f e ).
Masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka dhabta ah iyo muraayadda ujeeddada leh (d o '):
1/d o + 1/d o ' = 1/f o
1/d o ' = 1/f o – 1/d o
1/d o ' = 1 / 1.8 – 1/2
1/d o ' = 10/18 – 9/18 = 1/18
d o ' = 18 cm
Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha (dhererka mikroskoobka):
l = d o ' + f e
l = 18 cm + 6 cm
l = 24 cm
- Waa maxay mikroskoob isku dhafan?
- Jawaab: Mikroskoob isku dhafan waa qalab indhaha ah oo isticmaala muraayado badan si ay u weyneeyaan walxaha yaryar, taasoo u suurtagelinaysa daawadaha inuu daawado faahfaahinta aadka u yar ee aan lagu arki karin isha qaawan.
- Sidee bay mikroskoobka isku dhafan uga duwan yahay mikroskoobka fudud?
- Jawaab: Microscope-ka fudud wuxuu isticmaalaa hal muraayad oo keliya si loo weyneeyo (sida muraayadda weynaynta), halka mikroskoobka isku-dhafan uu isticmaalo laba nooc oo muraayado ah - muraayadda ujeeddada u dhow muunadda iyo muraayadda indhaha ee uu daawadaha ka eego.
- Waa maxay qaybaha aasaasiga ah ee mikroskoobka isku dhafan, maxayse yihiin shaqooyinkoodu?
- Jawaab: Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah:
- Muraayadaha Ujeeddada: Kuwani waa taxane muraayado ah oo leh weyneyn kala duwan oo la dhigay meel u dhow muunadda.
- Muraayadaha Indhaha (Indhaha): Kani waa muraayadda uu daawadaha ka eego.
- Marxalad: Goobta fidsan ee muunadda la dhigay.
- Kondensarka: Iftiinka ayuu ku saarayaa muunadda.
- Iftiimiye/Isha Iftiinka: Waxay bixisaa iftiin si loo arko muunadda.
- Guntimaha Diiradda La Saaray iyo Kuwa Fiican: Hagaaji diiradda.
- Jawaab: Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah:
- Sidee loo go'aamiyaa weyneynta guud ee mikroskoobka isku dhafan?
- Jawaab: Weynaynta guud waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo lagu dhufanayo weynaynta muraayadda ujeeddada iyadoo la adeegsanayo weynaynta muraayadda indhaha.
- Maxaa saliidda quusinta mararka qaarkood loogu isticmaalaa muraayadaha ujeeddada sare leh?
- Jawaab: Saliidda quusitaanka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu kordhiyo xallinta mikroskoobka. Waxay leedahay tusmada dhalaalaysa ee la mid ah muraayadda, taas oo yaraynaysa kala firdhinta iftiinka waxayna u oggolaanaysaa iftiin badan inuu galo muraayadda ujeeddada leh.
- Maxay ka dhigan tahay ereyga "xallinta" mikroskoobka?
- Jawaab: Xallinta waxaa loola jeedaa awoodda mikroskoobku u leeyahay inuu si cad u kala saaro laba qodob oo aad isugu dhow. Waxay qeexaysaa caddeynta iyo heerka faahfaahinta la arki karo.
- Maxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa rinjiyeynta marka la eegayo muunadaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo mikroskoob isku dhafan?
- Jawaab: Wasakhdu waxay xoojisaa kala duwanaanshaha qaybaha kala duwan ee muunadda, taasoo ka dhigaysa qaab-dhismeedyo ama qaybo gaar ah kuwo si muuqata looga arki karo mikroskoobka.
- Waa maxay nidaamka muraayadda "parfocal" ee ku jirta mikroskoob isku dhafan?
- Jawaab: Nidaamka muraayadda parfocal wuxuu ka dhigan yahay in marka hal muraayad oo ujeedo leh la saaro diiradda, muraayadaha kale ee ujeedo leh sidoo kale waxay noqon doonaan kuwo diiradda saaraya. Waxay u sahlaysaa in la kala beddelo muraayadaha ujeedo leh iyada oo aan dib loo eegin diiradda.
- Waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya mikroskoobka isku-dhafka ah ee monocular iyo binocular?
- Jawaab: Microscope-ka isku-dhafka ah ee monocular wuxuu leeyahay hal indhood oo la daawan karo, halka mikroskoobka isku-dhafka ah ee binocular uu leeyahay laba indhood, taasoo bixinaysa aragti raaxo leh iyo aragti qoto dheer.
- Maxay muunad u baahan tahay inay aad u khafiifsanaato marka lagu eego mikroskoob isku dhafan?
- Jawaab: Muunad khafiif ah ayaa u oggolaanaysa iftiin badan inuu dhex maro, taasoo keenta sawir cad. Intaa waxaa dheer, muunadaha qaro weyn waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan diiradda saarin qoto dheerkooda sababtoo ah qoto dheer oo xaddidan oo ku saabsan goobta mikroskoobka.
