Jilicsan - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
1. Cufka baloogga waa 5 kg, dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed = 9.8 m/s 2 , midab madow 37 o = 3/4. Waa maxay dardargelinta baloogga?
Solution
La yaqaan:
cufnaanta (m) = 5 kg
dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s 2
miisaanka (w) = mg = (5)(10) = 50 N
x = 3
Dhererka diyaaradda u janjeerta (y) = 4
Dhererka dusha sare ee u janjeera (l) = 5
La rabay : dardargelinta xannibaadda (a)?
Xalka:
Baloogga waxaa lagu dardargeliyaa xoog w x ah . Diyaaradda leexatay waa siman tahay sidaa darteed ma jirto xoog is jiidjiid ah.
w x = w sin θ = (w)(y / z)
w x = (50)(4/5)
w x = 40 Newton
Dardargelinta xannibaadda (a)?
ΣF = ma
w x = ma
40 = (5) a
a = 40/5
a = 8 m/s 2
2. Baloog marka hore nasasho, ka dibna kor ayuu u kacay isagoo barbar socda dusha sare ee diyaaradda u janjeerta. Cufka baloogga = 8 kg, isku-darka is-jiidjiidka taagan µ s = 0.5 iyo xagal θ = 45 o . Waa maxay baaxadda xoogga F si baloogga loo dedejiyo.
La yaqaan:
Isku-darka is-jiidjiidka aan joogtada ahayn (µ s ) = 0.5
Xagasha (θ) = 45 o
Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s 2
Cufka baloogga (m) = 8 kg
Miisaanka baloogga (w) = mg = (8 kg)(10 m/s 2 ) = 80 kg m/s 2 = 80 Newtons
La Raadinayo: Cabbirka xoogga F
Xalka:
Joojintu waxay bilaabataa inay dardar geliso haddii F ≥ wx + fs. 
Qaybta toosan ee miisaanka :
w x = w dembi θ = (80) ( dembi 45) = (80) (0.5√2) = 40√2
Qaybta toosan ee miisaanka:
w y = w cos θ = (80) (cos 45) = (80) (0.5√2) = 40√2
N = w y = 40√2
Xoogga is-jiidjiid aan joogto ahayn:
f s = µ s N = (0.5) (40√2) = 20√2
Baaxadda xoogga F:
F ≥ w x + f s
F ≥ 40√2 + 20√2
F ≥ 60√2 Newton
3. Cufka baloogga waa 8 kg. Xoogga ugu yar ee loo baahan yahay si loo qabto baloogga si baloogga uusan hoos ugu simbirixan waa … (sin 37 o = 0.6, cos 37 o = 0.8, g = 10 ms -2 , µ k = 0.1)
La yaqaan:
Cufka baloogga (m) = 8 kg
Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s 2
Miisaanka baloogga (w) = mg = (8)(10) = 80 Newtons
Dem 37 o = 0.6
Kos 37 o = 0.8
Isku-darka is-jiidjiidka dhaqdhaqaaqa (µ k ) = 0.1
Xoogga caadiga ah (N) = w y = w cos 37 o = (80)(0.8) = 64 Newtons
La Raadinayo: Cabbirka xoogga F
Xalka:
Balooggu hoos uma simbirixan karo haddii F = w x
Qayb jiif ah oo miisaankeedu barbar socdo oogada diyaaradda ee janjeerta:
w x = w dembi θ = (80) ( dembi 37) = (80) (0.6) = 48
f k = µ k N = (0.1) (64) = 6.4
Xoogga ugu yar ee F si balooggu uusan hoos ugu simbirixan:
F + f k – w x = 0
F = w x – f k = 48 – 6.4 = 41.6 Newtons
4. Baloog 5-kg ah ayaa lagu jiidaa diyaarad qallafsan iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoog dhan 71 N (g = 10 ms -2 , sin 37 o = 0.6, cos 37 o = 0.8). Haddii isku-dhafka xoogga is-jiidjiidka ee u dhexeeya baloogga iyo diyaaradda janjeerta uu yahay 0.4, waa maxay dardargelinta baloogga.
La yaqaan:
Cufka walaxda (m) = 5 kg
Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s 2
Miisaanka baloogga (w) = mg = (5)(10) = 50 Newtons
Xoogga F = 71 Newton
Dem 37 o = 0.6
Kos 37 o = 0.8
Isku-darka is-jiidjiidka = 0.4
La Raadinayo : Dardargelinta baloogga (a)
Xalka:
Qaybta toosan ee miisaanka :
w x = w dembi θ = (50) ( dembi 37) = (50) (0.6) = 30
Qaybta toosan ee miisaanka :
w y = w cos θ = (50) (cos 37) = (50) (0.8) = 40
Xoogga caadiga ah:
N = w y = 40
Xoogga is-jiidjiididda dhaqdhaqaaqa:
f k = µ k N = (0.4)(40) = 16
Xoogga saafiga ah:
∑F = F – w x – f k = 71 – 30 – 16 = 25 Newtons
Dardargelinta shayga:
a = ∑F / m = 25/5 = 5 m/s 2
5. Sanduuq 500-N ah oo kor loogu qaaday gaadhiga xamuulka ah isagoo maraya diyaarad u janjeerta, sida ku cad sawirka hoose. Haddii dhererka gaadhigu yahay 1.5 mitir, go'aami baaxadda xoogga aad sanduuqa ku dhaqaajinayso.
La yaqaan:
miisaanka sanduuqa (w) = 500 Newtons
dhererka gaariga xamuulka ah (h) = 1.5 mitir
dhererka diyaaradda u janjeerta (l) = 3 mitir
La Doonayo: Cabbirka xoogga si loo dhaqaajiyo sanduuqa (F)
Xalka:
Sin θ = opp / hyp = 1.5 mitir / 3 mitir = 1.5 / 3 = 0.5
Xoogga (F) ee loo baahan yahay si loo dhaqaajiyo sanduuqa, oo la mid ah qaybta jiifa ee miisaanka oo barbar socota diyaaradda u janjeerta (w x ).
w x = w sin θ = (500 N)(0.5) = 250 N
- Waa maxay diyaarad janjeerta, sideese shaqada u fududaynaysaa?
- Jawaab: Diyaarad janjeerta waa dusha sare oo fidsan oo ku taal xagal (marka laga reebo xagal midig) oo u jeedda dusha sare ee toosan. Waxay sahlaysaa shaqada iyadoo u oggolaanaysa xoog in lagu dabaqo masaafo dheer si looga gudbo xoog iska caabin ah, taasoo inta badan yaraynaysa baaxadda xoogga loo baahan yahay si loo qaado ama loo hoos u dhigo shay.
- Sidee ayay xagasha u janjeerta u saamaysaa xoogga loo baahan yahay si loo dhaqaajiyo shay kor diyaaradda?
- Jawaab: Inta xagasha u janjeerta ay sii dheeraato, ayaa xoog badan oo loo baahan yahay si shay loogu dhaqaajiyo diyaaradda. Marka xagasha ay sii yaraato, xoogga loo baahan yahay wuu yaraanayaa laakiin waxaa lagu dabaqayaa masaafo dheer.
- Maxay u fududahay in sanduuq culus kor loo qaado jaranjarada halkii laga qaadi lahaa si toos ah?
- Jawaab: In sanduuq lagu riixo jaranjaro (diyaar u janjeera) waxay miisaanka sanduuqa u qaybisaa masaafo dheer, taasoo yaraynaysa xoogga loo baahan yahay wakhti kasta. In si toos ah kor loogu qaado waxay u baahan tahay in si toos ah looga hortago miisaanka buuxa ee sanduuqa, taasoo u baahan xoog aad u weyn.
- Sidee dhererka diyaaradda u janjeerta ula xiriirtaa xoogga loo baahan yahay si shay loogu dhaqaajiyo diyaaradda?
- Jawaab: Inta ay dheer tahay diyaaradda janjeerta (dherer go'an), xoogga loo baahan yahay ayaa yareynaya si shay loogu dhaqaajiyo diyaaradda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xoogga waa in lagu dabaqaa masaafo dheer.
- Haddii is jiidjiid lagu soo bandhigo diyaaradda janjeerta, sidee bay u saamaysaa dhaqdhaqaaqa shay saaran?
- Jawaab: Khilaafku wuxuu ka soo horjeedaa dhaqdhaqaaqa shayga. Haddii shay la riixayo diyaaradda u janjeerta, khilaafku wuxuu hoos u dhacayaa, taasoo kordhinaysa xoogga loo baahan yahay si loo dhaqaajiyo shayga. Haddii shay uu hoos u socdo diyaaradda, khilaafku wuxuu hoos u dhigayaa hoos u dhaca.
- Maxay shaqaaluhu u isticmaalaan diyaaradaha u janjeera inay alaab culus ku raraan gawaarida xamuulka qaada?
- Jawaab: Isticmaalka diyaarad janjeerta (ramp) waxay u oggolaanaysaa shaqaaluhu inay isticmaalaan xoog yar oo masaafo dheer ah si ay u raraan alaab culus, taasoo ka dhigaysa hawsha mid la maarayn karo oo aan dhib badnayn marka loo eego qaadista alaabta si toosan.
- Sidee buu miisaanka shay ula xiriiraa u janjeersiga inuu hoos ugu dhaco meel u janjeerta?
- Jawaab: Qaybta miisaanka shayga oo la siman dusha sare ee diyaaradda u janjeerta ayaa keenta inay simbiriirixanto. Inta shayga culus yahay, ayaa qaybtan miisaanka ah sii weynaanaysa, sidaas darteedna, ayaa u janjeerta in shaygu hoos u simbiriirixo.
- Waa maxay doorka uu xoogga caadiga ahi ka ciyaaro meel u janjeerta?
- Jawaab: Xoogga caadiga ah wuxuu si toosan ugu shaqeeyaa dusha sare ee diyaaradda janjeerta. Waxay mas'uul ka tahay xaddiga xoogga is-jiidjiid ee u dhexeeya shayga iyo diyaaradda maadaama is-jiidjiidku badanaa uu la mid yahay xoogga caadiga ah.
- Maxaa ciid ama ciid loogu dhigi karaa meel u janjeerta inta lagu jiro xaaladaha barafka?
- JawaabCiidda ama ciiddu waxay kordhisaa xoogga is jiidjiidka ee u dhexeeya diyaaradda u janjeerta iyo walxaha (sida kabaha ama taayirada) ee la xiriira. Is jiidjiidkaan dheeraadka ah wuxuu ka caawiyaa ka hortagga simbiriirixashada xilliga barafka ama qoyaanka.
- Haddii kubbad la rogo diyaarad u janjeerta ka dibna dib loo rogo, ma gaari doontaa xawaarihii asalka ahaa marka ay ku soo noqoto meeshii ay ka bilaabatay, iyadoo iska indha tiraysa iska caabbinta hawada iyo is jiidjiidka?
- JawaabHaa, haddii aysan jirin iska caabinta hawada iyo is jiidjiidashada, tamarta suurtagalka ah ee kubbadu ku leedahay meesha ugu sarreysa waxay si buuxda ugu noqon doontaa tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa marka ay hoos u dhacdo, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inay gaarto xawaarihii asalka ahaa marka ay ku soo noqoto meeshii ay ka bilaabatay sababtoo ah ilaalinta tamarta.
