Su'aalo Tusaale ah oo Ka Hadlaya Hirarka Elektromagnetic-ka
Hirarka elektromagnetic-ga waa hirar ay sameeyaan goobaha korontada iyo birlabta ee wareegaya kuwaas oo ku faafa faaruq marka la gaaro xawaaraha iftiinka. Hirarkani waa kuwo muhiim u ah dhinacyo kala duwan oo nolosha ah, laga bilaabo isgaarsiinta ilaa caafimaadka. Si aan si fiican u fahanno fikraddan, waxaan ka hadli doonnaa dhowr tusaale oo dhibaatooyin ah oo ku saabsan hirarka elektromagnetic-ga iyo sharraxaadahooda.
Su'aal 1aad: Xisaabinta Mowjadaha
Hirarka elektromagnetic-ga ah wuxuu leeyahay soo noqnoqosho dhan 500 MHz. Go'aami hirarkiisa!
Dood:
Soo noqnoqoshada (f) = 500 MHz = 500 x 10^6 Hz
Xawaaraha iftiinka (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Dhererka hirarka (λ) waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa qaacidada:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Waa kuwan faahfaahinta xisaabinta:
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{500 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \jeer 10^8}{5 \jeer 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 0.6 \, \text{meter} \]
Markaa, dhererka hirarka elektromagnetic-ka waa 0.6 mitir.
Su'aal 2aad: Tamarta Fotoonka
Waa maxay tamarta photon-ka oo leh soo noqnoqoshada 6 x 10^14 Hz?
Dood:
Tamarta (E) ee fotonka waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo qaacidada Planck:
\[ E = hf \]
Halkee:
– h waa joogtada Planck = 6.626 x 10^-34 J·s
– f waa soo noqnoqoshada = 6 x 10^14 Hz
Markaa,
\[ E = (6.626 \jeer 10^{-34} \, \qoraalka{J·s}) \jeer (6 \jeer 10^{14} \, \qoraalka{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.9756 \jeer 10^{-19} \, \qoraal{J} \]
Markaa, tamarta sawirkan waa 3.9756 x 10^-19 joules.
Su'aal 3: Xawaaraha Mowjadaha Elektromagnetic-ga ee Dhexdhexaadka ah
Haddii xawaaraha iftiinka ee ku jira faakuumka uu yahay 3 x 10^8 m/s iyo tusmada iftiinka ee dhexdhexaadku uu yahay 1.5, waa maxay xawaaraha iftiinka ee dhexdhexaadkaas?
Dood:
Xawaaraha iftiinka ee ku jira dhexdhexaadka (v) waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo tusmada Refractive (n):
\[ n = \frac{c}{v} \]
Halkee:
– c waa xawaaraha iftiinka ee faakuumka = 3 x 10^8 m/s
– n waa tusmada Refractive = 1.5
Xisaabinta v:
\[ v = \frac{c}{n} \]
\[ v = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{1.5} \]
\[ v = 2 \jeer 10^8 \, \qoraal{m/s} \]
Markaa, xawaaraha iftiinka ee dhexdhexaadkan waa 2 x 10^8 mitir ilbiriqsikiiba.
Su'aal 4: Hirarka Elektromagnetic-ga ee Soo noqnoqoshada Raadiyaha
Idaacadda X waxay ku baahisaa xawaare dhan 100 MHz. Waa maxay hirarka calaamadda?
Dood:
Soo noqnoqoshada (f) = 100 MHz = 100 x 10^6 Hz
Xawaaraha iftiinka (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Dhererka hirarka (λ) waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa qaacidada:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Markaa,
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{100 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \jeer 10^8}{1 \jeer 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 3 \, \text{meter} \]
Markaa, mowjadda hirarka ee calaamadda raadiyaha waa 3 mitir.
Su'aal 5: Awood ay hesho Anteeno
Anteenadu waxay heshaa calaamad hirar elektromagnetic ah oo leh awood 0.1 W ah oo ku socota 2.4 GHz. Immisa footoon ilbiriqsikii ayay anteenadu heshaa?
Dood:
Awoodda (P) = 0.1 W = 0.1 J/s
Soo noqnoqoshada (f) = 2.4 GHz = 2.4 x 10^9 Hz
Tamarta hal foton (E) waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa qaacidada:
\[ E = hf \]
\[ E = (6.626 \jeer 10^{-34} \, \qoraalka{J·s}) \jeer (2.4 \jeer 10^9 \, \qoraalka{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 1.59024 \jeer 10^{-24} \, \qoraal{J} \]
Tirada fotonada ilbiriqsi kasta (N) waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa iyadoo awoodda loo qaybiyo tamarta fotonada halkii:
\[ N = \frac{P}{E} \]
\[ N = \frac{0.1 \, \text{J/s}}{1.59024 \times 10^{-24} \, \text{J}} \]
\[ N = 6.29 \times 10^{22} \, \text{photons} \]
Markaa, anteenadu waxay heshaa qiyaastii 6.29 x 10^22 foton ilbiriqsikiiba.
Gabagabo
Doodda hirarka elektromagnetka aad bay u kala duwan tahay waxayna daboolaysaa dhinacyo badan, laga bilaabo xisaabinta hirarka, tamarta fotonka, ilaa xawaaraha hirarka ee dhexdhexaadka ah. Dhibaatooyinka tusaalaha ah iyo sharraxaaddooda kor ku xusan waxaa laga filayaa inay kaa caawiyaan inaad fahamto fikradda hirarka elektromagnetka si qoto dheer iyo codsi ah. Waxaan rajeynayaa in maqaalkani uu faa'iido leeyahay oo uu ballaarin doono fahamka akhristayaasha ee hirarka elektromagnetka.
