Su'aalo Tusaale ah oo Ka Hadlaya Xoogga Koronto-ku-saleysan (EMF)
Xoogga korontada ku shaqeeya ee la kiciyay (EMF) waa fikrad aasaasi ah oo ku saabsan electromagnetism-ka, waana mawduuc muhiim ah oo ku jira casharrada fiisigiska, labadaba dugsiga sare iyo kulliyadda. Fahmidda emf-ka la kiciyay waa mid muhiim ah sababtoo ah codsigeeda baahsan ee tignoolajiyada casriga ah, sida matoorada korontada, transformers-ka, iyo aaladaha kale ee elektaroonigga ah. Maqaalkan, waxaan ka hadli doonnaa dhowr tusaale oo dhibaatooyin ah iyo xalalkooda ku saabsan emf-ka la kiciyay si loo sii xoojiyo fahamkeenna fikraddan.
Hordhac ku saabsan EMF-ga la kiciyay
Kahor inta aynaan guda gelin dhibaatada tusaalaha ah, aan marka hore fahanno fikradda aasaasiga ah ee emf-ka la kiciyey. emf-ka la kiciyey waa xoogga elektaroonigga ah ee ka dhasha isbeddelka qulqulka birlabta ee wareegga. Dhacdadan waxaa markii ugu horreysay ogaaday Michael Faraday, sidaas darteed magaca Xeerka Faraday. Xisaab ahaan, Sharciga Faraday waxaa lagu sheegay sidan:
\[ \mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt} \]
Halkee:
– \(\mathcal{E}\) waa EMF-ga la soo saaray (Volts)
– \(\Phi\) waa qulqulka birlabta (Weber)
– \(d\Phi\) waa isbeddelka qulqulka birlabta
– \(dt\) waa isbeddelka waqtiga
Calaamadda taban ee isla'egta waxaa sharraxaya Sharciga Lenz, kaas oo sheegaya in jihada EMF-ga la kiciyay ay had iyo jeer tahay mid ka soo horjeeda isbeddelka qulqulka birlabta ee sababa.
Ka dib markaan fahamno aasaaska aragtidan, aan u gudubno su'aalaha tusaalaha ah iyo doodahooda.
Su'aal Tusaale 1aad
Su'aal:
Gariirku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 200 oo wareeg waxaana la dhigayaa goob birlab ah oo isku mid ah oo leh baaxadda goob birlab ah oo ah \(B = 0,5 \) Tesla. Haddii aagga isgoyska ee gariiraddu uu yahay 0,1 m², xisaabi EMF-ga la soo saaray haddii goobta birlab ee gariiradda laga beddelo 0,5 T ilaa 0 0,02 ilbiriqsi gudahood.
Dood:
Marka hore, waxaan xisaabineynaa isbeddelka qulqulka birlabta (\( \Delta \Phi \)):
\[
\Delta \Phi = N \cdot \Delta (B \cdot A)
\]
Halkee:
– \( N = 200 \) (tirada wareegyada)
– \( B \) isbeddello laga bilaabo 0,5 T ilaa 0 T (markaa \( \Delta B = 0 – 0,5 = -0,5 \) T)
– \( A = 0,1 \) m²
Sidaas darteed:
\[
\Delta \Phi = 200 \cdot (-0,5 \cdot 0,1) = 200 \cdot (-0,05) = -10 \text{ Weber}
\]
Marka xigta, waxaan xisaabinaynaa EMF-ga la soo saaray (\( \mathcal{E} \)):
\[
\mathcal{E} = -\frac{\Delta \Phi}{\Delta t}
\]
Halkee \( \Delta t = 0,02 \) ilbiriqsiyo, sidaas darteed:
\[
\mathcal{E} = -\frac{-10}{0,02} = 500 \qoraal{ Volts}
\]
Markaa, EMF-ga la soo saaray waa 500 Volts.
Su'aal Tusaale 2aad
Su'aal:
Giraan bir ah oo dhexroorkeedu yahay 10 cm ayaa la dhigayaa goob birlab ah oo isbeddelaysa xawaare dhan (0,1 \) Tesla ilbiriqsi kasta. Xisaabi emf-ka la soo saaray ee ku jira giraanta.
Dood:
Si loo xisaabiyo EMF-ga la soo saaray, waxaan isticmaalnaa Sharciga Faraday waxaanan ku bilaabaynaa xisaabinta qulqulka birlabta:
\[
\Delta \Phi = \Delta B \cdot A
\]
Meesha qaybta isgoyska ee giraanta (\( A \)) ay tahay:
\[
A = \pi r^2 = \pi \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2 = \pi \left(\frac{0,1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{\pi}{400} \text{ m}^2
\]
Iyadoo la eegayo heerka isbeddelka goobta birlabta \(\Delta B = 0,1\) T/sec:
\[
\mathcal{E} = -N \frac{d \Phi}{dt} = -N \cdot \frac{\Delta B \cdot A}{\Delta t}
\]
Maadaama isbeddelka \( \Delta t \) uu yahay mid joogto ah oo ku jira heerka, \( N =1 \) oo beddel qiimayaasha:
\[
\mathcal{E} = – 1 \cdot \left( 0,1 \cdot \frac{\pi}{400} \right) = – \frac{\pi}{4000} \text{ Volt}
\]
Markaa, EMF-ga la soo saaray ee lagu soo saaray giraanta waa \(\frac{\pi}{4000} \text{ Volt} \approx 0,000785 \text{ Volt}\).
Su'aal Tusaale 3aad
Su'aal:
Kontaroole toosan oo 1 mitir dhererkiisu yahay ayaa si toosan ugu socda xawaare dhan 5 m/s oo ku jira goob birlab ah oo isku mid ah oo ah 0,2 T. Waa maxay EMF-ga ku kiciya kontaroolaha?
Dood:
Si loo helo EMF-ga la kiciyey ee ku jira kontaroolaha dhaqaaqa, waxaan isticmaalnaa qaacidadan:
\[
\mathcal{E} = B \cdot l \cdot v
\]
Halkee:
– \( B = 0,2 \) T
– \( l = 1 \) m
– \( v = 5 \) m/s
Qiimahan ku beddel qaacidada:
\[
\mathcal{E} = 0,2 \jeer 1 \jeer 5 = 1 \qoraal{ Volt}
\]
Markaa, EMF-ga la soo saaray ee lagu soo saaray kontaroolaha waa 1 Volt.
Gabagabo
Fahmidda xoogga korontada ku shaqeeya ee la kiciyay (EMF) iyo Sharciga Faraday waa mid muhiim u ah fiisikiska, gaar ahaan marka la eego elektromagnetic-yada. Tusaalooyinka kor ku xusan waxay muujinayaan codsiyada kala duwan ee fikraddan, oo ay ku jiraan beddelka goobaha magnetic-ga, kontaroolada dhaqdhaqaaqa, iyo codsiyada kale. Barashada hababka xisaabinta ee qaababka kala duwan ee wareegyada iyo xaaladaha goobta magnetic-ga ayaa sii xoojin doonta fahamkeenna fikraddan waxayna ka dhigi doontaa mid ku habboon teknoolojiyada casriga ah ee kala duwan.
