16 Tusaalooyin oo ah matoorada Carnot - matoorada kulaylka ee ugu fiican (isticmaalka sharciga labaad ee thermodynamics)
1. Fiiri garaafka P-V ee matoorka Carnot ee dhinaca! Haddii kulaylka la nuugo (Q1 ) = 10.000 joules, markaa xaddiga shaqada ee uu sameeyo matoorka Carnot waa…
A. 1.500 J 
B. 4.000 J
C. 5.000 J
D. 6.000 J
E. 8.000 J
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in :
Heerkulka hoose (T2 ) = 400 K
Heerkul sare (T 1 ) = 800 K
Kuleylka la nuugo (Q 1 ) = 10.000 Joules
La Doonayo : Shaqada uu soo saaray matoorka Carnot (W)
Jawaab :
Hufnaanta matoorka kulaylka ku habboon (matoorka Carnot):
Shaqada uu qabto matoorka Carnot:
W = e Q 1
W = (1/2)(10.000) = 5000 Joules
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.
2. Fiiri sawirka dhinaca ku yaal! Tirada shaqada uu matoorku sameeyo hal wareeg waa…
A. 300 J
B. 400 J
C. 500 J
D. 600 J
E. 700 J
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Heerkul hoose (TL ) = 400 K
Heerkulka sare (TH ) = 600 K
Kuleylka la nuugo (Q 1 ) = 600 Joules
La Doonayo : Shaqada uu soo saaray matoorka Carnot (W)
Jawaab:
Hufnaanta matoorka kulaylka ku habboon (matoorka Carnot):
Shaqada uu qabto matoorka Carnot:
W = e Q 1
W = (1/3)(600) = 200 Joules
Jawaabta saxda ah waa E.
3. Fiiri garaafka wareegga Carnot ABCDA ee hoose! Iyada oo lagu saleynayo xogta ku jirta garaafka, hufnaanta matoorka Carnot waa…
A. 10% 
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 30%
E. 35%
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in :
Heerkul hoose (TL ) = 350 K
Heerkulka sare (TH ) = 500 K
Su'aal : Waxtarka matoorka Carnot (e)
Jawaab :
Waxtarka matoorka gaariga:
e = (TH – TH ) / TH
e = (500 – 350) / 500
e = 150 / 500
e = 0,3
e = 30/100 = 30%
Jawaabta saxda ah waa D.
4. Garaafka PV ee soo socda ee matoorka Carnot, kaydka heerkulka sare waa 600 K heerkulka hoosena waa 400 K. Haddii shaqada uu matoorku qabto ay tahay W, markaa kulaylka lagu sii daayo heerkulka hooseeya waa...
A. W
B. 2 W
C. 3 W
D. 4 W
E. 6 W
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in :
Heerkul hoose (TL ) = 400 K
Heerkulka sare (TH ) = 600 K
Su'aal : Kulaylka waxaa lagu sii daayaa heerkul hoose ( Q2 )
Jawaab :
Waxtarka matoorka gaariga :
e = (TH – TH ) / TH
e = (600 – 400) / 600
e = 200 / 600
e = 1/3
Shaqada waxaa qabta matoorka Carnot :
W = e Q 1
Sharaxaad: W = shaqada uu sameeyo mashiinku, e = hufnaanta mashiinka, Q 1 = kulaylka uu nuugo mashiinku.
W = (1/3)(Q 1 )
3W = Q 1
Kulaylka ayaa lagu sii daayaa heerkul hoose :
Q 2 = Q 1 – W
Q 2 = 3W – W
Q 2 = 2W
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.
5. Garaafka PV ee wareegga Carnot wuxuu u eg yahay sawirka soo socda. Haddii 3.000 Joules oo kuleyl ah lagu sii daayo agagaarka, markaa kulaylka uu nuugo nidaamku waa…
A. 3.000 J
B. 4.000 J
C. 4.800 J
D. 6.000 J
E. 8.000 J
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in :
Heerkul hoose (TL ) = 500 K
Heerkulka sare (TH ) = 800 K
Kulayl la sii daayay (Q2 ) = 3000 Joules
Su'aal : Kulaylka uu nuugo nidaamku ( Q1 )
Jawaab :
Waxtarka matoorka gaariga :
e = (TH – TH ) / TH
e = (800 – 500) /8600
e = 300 / 800
e = 3/8
Shaqada waxaa qabta matoorka Carnot :
W = e Q 1
W = (3/8)(Q 1 )
8W/3 = Q 1
Q 2 = Q 1 – W
Q 2 = 8W/3 – 3W/3
Q 2 = 5W/3
3Q 2 = 5W
W = 3Q 2/5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800
Kulaylka uu nuugo nidaamku :
Q 1 = W + Q 2 = 1800 + 3000 = 4800 Joules
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.
6. Matoorka Carnot wuxuu kulayl ka helaa kayd heerkul sare leh oo ah 800 K wuxuuna leeyahay hufnaan dhan 50%. Si loo gaaro hufnaan 80% ah iyadoo la ilaalinayo heerkulka kaydka ee hooseeya, kaydka heerkulka sare leh waa in loo beddelaa….
A. 1.600 K
B. 2.000 K
C. 2.400 K
D. 4.000 K
E. 6.400 K
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Haddii heerkulka sare (TH ) = 800 K, hufnaanta (e) = 50% = 0,5
Su'aal: Waa maxay heerkulka ugu sarreeya (TH ) si hufnaanta (e) = 80% = 0,8
Jawaab:
Heerkul hoose = 400 Kelvin
Waa maxay heerkulka sare (TH ) si hufnaanta (e) = 80%?
Heerkul sare = 2.000 Kelvin
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.
7. Matoorka Carnot ee ka shaqeeya kayd heerkul sare leh oo ah 600 K wuxuu leeyahay hufnaan dhan 40%. Si loo gaaro hufnaan 75% ah iyadoo kaydka heerkulka hooseeya uu sii jiro mid joogto ah, kaydka heerkulka sare leh waa in la kordhiyaa ilaa….
A. 480 K
B. 840 K
C. 900 K
D. 1028 K
E. 1440 K
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Haddii heerkulka sare (TH ) = 600 K, hufnaanta (e) = 40% = 0,4
Su'aal: Waa maxay heerkulka ugu sarreeya (TH ) si hufnaanta (e) = 75% = 0,75
Jawaab:
Heerkul hoose = 360 Kelvin
Waa maxay heerkulka sare (TH ) si hufnaanta (e) = 75%?
Heerkul sare = 1440 Kelvin
Jawaabta saxda ah waa E.
8. Matoorka Carnot wuxuu kulayl ka helaa kayd heerkul sare leh oo ah 800 K wuxuuna leeyahay hufnaan dhan 50%. Si loo gaaro hufnaan 80% ah iyadoo la ilaalinayo heerkulka kaydka ee hooseeya, kaydka heerkulka sare leh waa in loo beddelaa….
A. 1.600 K
B. 2.000 K
C. 2.400 K
D. 4.000 K
E. 6.400 K
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Haddii heerkulka sare (TH) = 800 K, hufnaanta (e) = 50% = 0,5
Su'aal: Waa maxay heerkulka ugu sarreeya (TH) si hufnaanta (e) = 80% = 0,8
Jawaab:
Heerkul hoose = 400 Kelvin
Waa maxay heerkulka sare (TH) si hufnaanta (e) = 80%?
Heerkul sare = 2.000 Kelvin
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.
9. Matoorka Carnot ee ka shaqeeya kayd heerkul sare leh oo ah 600 K wuxuu leeyahay hufnaan dhan 40%. Si loo gaaro hufnaan 75% ah iyadoo kaydka heerkulka hooseeya uu sii jiro mid joogto ah, kaydka heerkulka sare leh waa in la kordhiyaa ilaa….
A. 480 K
B. 840 K
C. 900 K
D. 1028 K
E. 1440 K
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Haddii heerkulka sare (TH) = 600 K, hufnaanta (e) = 40% = 0,4
Su'aal: Waa maxay heerkulka ugu sarreeya (TH) si hufnaanta (e) = 75% = 0,75
Jawaab:
Heerkul hoose = 360 Kelvin
Waa maxay heerkulka sare (TH) si hufnaanta (e) = 75%?
Heerkul sare = 1440 Kelvin
Jawaabta saxda ah waa E.
10. Hufnaanta matoorka Carnot ee nuuga kulaylka heerkulkiisu yahay 1200 Kelvin isla markaana diida kulaylka heerkulkiisu yahay 300 Kelvin waa…
Dood
Waa la garanayaa :
Heerkul sare (T)H) = 1200 K
Heerkulka hoose (T)L) = 300 K
La weydiiyay : Waxtarka matoorka Carnot (e)
Jawab :
11. Matoorka Carnot wuxuu shaqeeyaa wareeg u dhexeeya 727oC iyo 127oC. Matoorku wuxuu nuugaa 6000 oo Joule oo kuleyl ah oo ka yimaada kayd heerkul sare leh. Hufnaanta matoorka iyo shaqada uu matoorku qabto hal wareeg waa…
Dood
Waa la garanayaa :
Heerkul sare (T)H= 727oC + 273 = 1000 K
Heerkulka hoose (T)L= 127oC + 273 = 400 K
Kuleylka la nuugo (Q)H) = 6000 Joule
La weydiiyay : Hufnaan (e) iyo shaqo (W) oo uu matoorku ku sameeyo hal wareeg
Jawab :
Waxtarka matoorka gaariga :
Shaqada waxaa qabta matoorka Carnot :
W = e QH
W = (0,6)(6000)
W = 3600 Joule
12. Matoorka Carnot wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa inta u dhaxaysa kaydka heerkulka sare ee 527oC iyo kaydka heerkulka hooseeya 127oC. Matoorka Carnot wuxuu nuugaa 10.000 oo Joule oo kuleyl ah oo ka yimaada kayd kulul. Xaddiga kulaylka uu matoorku diido wareeg kasta waa…
Dood
Waa la garanayaa :
Heerkul sare (T)H= 527oC + 273 = 800 K
Heerkulka hoose (T)L= 127oC + 273 = 400 K
Kuleylka la nuugo (Q)H) = 10.000 Joule
La weydiiyay Kuleylka uu matoorku diiday wareeg kasta
Jawab :
Hufnaanta matoorka kulaylka ku habboon (matoorka Carnot):
Shaqada uu qabto matoorka Carnot:
W = e Q1
W = (0,5)(10.000)
W = 5000 Joule
Kulaylka uu sii daayo matoorku wareeg kasta (Q)L) = kulaylka la nuugo (QH) – shaqada la qabtay (W)
QL =QH - W
QL = 10.000 - 5000
QL = 5000 Joule
Kulaylka uu matoorku kala diro wareeg kasta = 5000 Joules
13. Go'aami hufnaanta iyo shaqada uu matoorka Carnot ku qabto hal wareeg iyadoo lagu saleynayo garaafka hoose...
Dood
Waa la garanayaa :
Heerkul sare (T)H) = 800 K
Heerkulka hoose (T)L) = 300 K
Kuleylka la nuugo (Q)H) = 1000 Joule
La weydiiyay : Hufnaan (e) iyo shaqo (W) oo uu sameeyo matoorka Carnot
Jawab :
Waxtarka matoorka gaariga :
Shaqada waxaa qabta matoorka Carnot :
W = e QH
W = (0,625)(1000)
W = 625 Joule
14. Eeg jaantuska wareegga Carnot ABCDA ee hoose!
Iyada oo ku saleysan xogta ku jirta garaafka, hufnaanta matoorka Carnot waa…
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 30%
E. 35%
Dood
Waa la garanayaa :
Suuye hoose (T)L) = 350 K
Heerkul sare (T)H) = 500 K
La weydiiyay : Waxtarka matoorka Carnot (e)
Jawab :
Waxtarka matoorka gaariga:
e = (T)H - TL) / TH
e = (500 – 350) / 500
e = 150 / 500
e = 0,3
e = 30/100 = 30%
Jawaabta saxda ah waa D.
15. Garaafka PV-ga ee soo socda ee matoorka Carnot, kaydka heerkulka sare waa 600 K heerkulka hooseeyana waa 400 K. Haddii ganacsi Matoorku wuxuu sameeyaa W, ka dibna kulaylka lagu sii daayo heerkulka hooseeya waa...
A. W
B. 2 W
C. 3 W
D. 4 W
E. 6 W
Dood
Waa la garanayaa :
Heerkulka hoose (T)L) = 400 K
Heerkul sare (T)H) = 600 K
La weydiiyay Kulaylka waxaa lagu sii daayaa heerkul hoose (Q)2)
Jawab :
Waxtarka matoorka gaariga :
e = (T)H - TL) / TH
e = (600 – 400) / 600
e = 200 / 600
e = 1/3
Shaqada waxaa qabta matoorka Carnot :
W = e Q1
Sharaxaad: W = shaqada uu sameeyo mashiinku, e = hufnaanta mashiinka, Q1 = kulayl uu nuugo mishiinku.
W = (1/3)(Q)1)
3W = Q1
KAlor waxaa lagu sii daayaa heerkul hooseeya :
Q2 =Q1 - W
Q2 = 3W– W
Q2 = 2W
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.
16. Garaafka PV ee wareegga Carnot wuxuu u eg yahay sawirka soo socda. Haddii kulayl kaas oo lagu sii daayo deegaanka 3.000 Joules, ka dibna kulaylka uu nuugo nidaamku waa…
A. 3.000 J
B. 4.000 J
C. 4.800 J
D. 6.000 J
E. 8.000 J
Dood
Waa la garanayaa :
Heerkulka hoose (T)L) = 500 K
Heerkul sare (T)H) = 800 K
Kulaylka la sii daayay (Q)2) = 3000 Joule
La weydiiyay Kuleylka uu nuugo nidaamku (Q)1)
Jawab :
Waxtarka matoorka gaariga :
e = (T)H - TL) / TH
e = (800 – 500) /8600
e = 300 / 800
e = 3/8
Shaqada waxaa qabta matoorka Carnot :
W = e Q1
W = (3/8)(Q)1)
8W/3 = Q1
Q2 =Q1 - W
Q2 = 8W/3 – 3W/3
Q2 = 5W/3
3Q2 = 5W
W = 3Q2/5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800
KAlor oo ay nuugto nidaamku :
Q1 = W + Q2 = 1800 + 3000 = 4800 Joule
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.
Isha Su'aasha:
Su'aalaha Imtixaanka Qaranka ee Fiisigiska ee Dugsiga Sare/Dugsiga Sare ee Xirfadda
