Qaaciddada Qalabka Indhaha Muraayadaha Indhaha Binokularada

Su'aalo iyo qaacidooyin tusaale ah oo loogu talagalay aaladaha indhaha, indhaha, muraayadaha indhaha, muraayadaha indhaha

Mata

1. Mid ka mid ah aaladaha indhaha ee dabiiciga ah waa isha. Inta lagu jiro habka aragga, sawir ayaa la sameeyaa...

1. Run, toosan, oo ku taal isha
2. Run, rogrogmi kara, oo ku yaal isha isha
3. Dhacdo, toosan, oo ku taal isha
4. Maya, oo foorarsatay, oo midig ku taal isha

Dood
Barta u dhow ee celceliska isha caadiga ah waa 25 cm. Barta u dhow waa masaafada ugu dhow ee isha ay diiradda saari karto. Dhexroorka isha aadanuhu dabcan wuu ka yar yahay 25 cm, sidaa darteed dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isha ayaa sidoo kale ka yar 25 cm. Sidaa darteed, masaafada shayga (yada) waa inay ka weyn tahay dhererka diiradda ee nidaamka muraayadda indhaha (f).

Nidaamka muraayadda indhaha waa muraayad qaloocan. Sidaa darteed, sawirka ay samaysay nidaamka muraayadda indhaha inta lagu jiro habka daawashada wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin la mid ah sawirka ay samaysay muraayad qaloocan. Astaamaha sawirka ay samaysay nidaamka muraayadda indhaha marka masaafada shayga (yada) ay ka weyn tahay dhererka diiradda (f), waxaa ka mid ah:
– Dhab ah ama run ah
- Dib u socod
- La dhimay
- Midig ku taal isha

Sawirka waa in si sax ah loogu dhejiyaa retina sababtoo ah retina waxay hirarka iftiinka u beddeshaa calaamado koronto oo loo gudbiyo maskaxda. Inkasta oo sawirku rogman yahay, maskaxda bini'aadamku waxay u rogtaa mid toosan, si walxaha ay indhahu arkaan ay u muuqdaan kuwo toosan.

Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

Muraayadaha

2. Qofku wuxuu leeyahay meel u dhow 16 cm iyo meel fog oo 80 cm ah. Haddii uu xidho muraayadaha indhaha, si cad ayuu u arki karaa walxaha aadka u fog. Marka uu isticmaalo muraayadaha indhaha, masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga ugu dhow ee uu si cad u arki karo waa….

1. 13 1/3 cm
2. 20 cm
3. 36 cm
4. 48 1/3 cm

Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Meesha fog ee qofku waa 80 cm oo keliya, marka waxaa la soo gabagabeyn karaa in qofku uu yahay qof aragti fog leh.
Aragti-beelku wuxuu dhacaa sababtoo ah nidaamka muraayadda indhaha ayaa ka qaloocan ama ka siman sidii ay ahayd inay ku jirto isha caadiga ah, taasoo yaraynaysa dhererka diiradda. Tani waxay keentaa in fallaaraha iftiinka ee ka imanaya walxaha aan dhammaadka lahayn (barta fog) ay diiradda saaraan horteeda retina halkii ay ka diiradda saari lahaayeen retina.
La weydiiyay: Masaafada shayga ugu dhow ee si cad loo arki karo iyadoo la isticmaalayo muraayadaha indhaha
Jawaab:
Barta fog ee qofku waa 80 cm. Muraayadaha indhaha waa inay sameeyaan sawir 80 cm hortiisa ah. Sawirku wuxuu ku yaal indhaha hortiisa iyo muraayadaha indhaha, sidaas darteed sawirku waa mid casri ah oo toosan. Markaa masaafada sawirka (s') = -80 cm.
Haddii qofku xidho muraayadaha indhaha, si cad ayuu u arki karaa walxaha aadka u fog. Markaa masaafada shayga (yada) = meesha fog ee isha caadiga ah = aan dhammaad lahayn = ~.

Dhererka diiradda ee isha:
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)
1/f = 0 – 1/80
1/f = – 1/80
f = – 80 / 1
f = – 80 cm
Dhererka diiradda taban macnaheedu waa in muraayadda muraayadda ee la isticmaalay ay tahay muraayad qaloocan ama muraayad kala duwan.

Haddii qofku isticmaalo muraayadaha indhaha ee isku midka ah, waa maxay masaafada shayga ugu dhow ee si cad loo arki karo? Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda (f) = -80 cm. Muraayaddu waa inay sameysaa sawir masaafad dhan 16 cm ah oo ku taal indhaha hortiisa iyo muraayadda si sawirku u noqdo mid casri ah oo leh calaamad taban. Markaa masaafada sawirka (s') = -16 cm.
1/s = 1/f – 1/s' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80
s = 80/4 = 20 cm.
Shayga ugu dhow ee uu si cad u arki karo waa 20 cm.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

3. Muraayadaha indhaha waa qalab kaa caawinaya inaad si cad wax u aragto. Badanaa waxaad arkeysaa asxaabtaada oo xiran muraayadaha indhaha. Sidee buu u shaqeeyaa wadada saxda ah ee iftiinka ee ka soo baxda muraayadaha ay saaxiibadaa xiran yihiin?

Dood

Muraayadda muraayadda indhaha ee la isticmaalay, iyadoo lagu saleynayo sawirka, waa muraayad qaloocan. Waddada iftiinka soo socda ee uu dib u habeeyay muraayadda qaloocan waa inay noqotaa sida ku cad jawaabta B.

4. Fiiri sawirka soo socda ee wadada iftiinka uu ka soo galo isha ka hor iyo ka dib marka uu xirto muraayadaha indhaha. Iyada oo lagu saleynayo sawirka, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in…
Dood
Aragti fog = hypermetropia
Muraayadaha isku dhafan = muraayadda isku dhafan = muraayad togan
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

Muuqaalada indhaha

5. Weyneynta teleskoobka dhererkiisu yahay 10 cm waa 3. Dhererka diiradda ee ujeeddada iyo dhererka diiradda ee isha waa siday u kala horreeyaan….

1. 5 cm iyo 5 cm
2. 7,5 cm iyo 2,5 cm
3. 2,5 cm iyo 7,5 cm
4. 4 cm iyo 6 cm

Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Weyneynta laba-geesoodka ah (M) = 3
Dhererka teleskoobka (l) = 10 cm
La weydiiyay: Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha
Jawaab:
Qaacidada dhererka teleskoobka (l) marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay:
l = f_ob +f_ok
10 cm = f_ob +f_ok  - Isle'egta 1aad

Qaacidada weynaynta muraayadaha indhaha (M) marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay:
M = f_ob /f_ok
3 = f_ob /f_ok
f_ob = 3 f_ok - Isle'egta 2aad

Beddel f_ob on isla'egta 1aad oo leh f_ok on isla'egta 2aad :
10 cm = f_ob +f_ok 
10 cm = 3 f_ok +f_ok 
10 cm = 4 f_ok
f_ok = 10 cm / 4
f_ok = 2,5cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha = 2,5 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada = 3 f_ok = 3 (2,5 cm) = 7,5 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha waa 7,5 cm iyo 2,5 cm siday u kala horreeyaan.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

Isha su'aasha:

Su'aalaha OSN ee Fiisigiska Dugsiga Sare ee Dhexe