Mhedzisiro Yemagariro Evanhu muKuchinja Kwemaindasitiri
Chimurenga cheMaindasitiri, chakatanga kubva pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18 kusvika kutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, chaive chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha zvikuru munhoroondo yevanhu. Kutanga muEngland ndokuzopararira pasi rose, Chimurenga cheMaindasitiri chakachinja zvikuru mararamiro evanhu nekushanda kwavo. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vazhinji vachiratidza kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nehupfumi, migumisiro yaro munharaunda yaive yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana. Chinyorwa chino chichapa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pemigumisiro yeChimurenga cheMaindasitiri munharaunda, kusanganisira shanduko muchimiro chemagariro evanhu, mamiriro ekushanda, kukura kwemaguta, uye mhedzisiro yaro pamhuri nenharaunda.
1. Kuchinja muMamiriro Emagariro Evanhu
Chimurenga cheMaindasitiri chisati chatanga, nzanga zhinji dzekuEurope neNorth America dzaivimba nekurima, dzine mamiriro emagariro evanhu akagadzikana uye ane hutongi. Hupenyu hwenharaunda hwaiwanzova mumisha midiki, uye mabasa makuru aive kurima kana mabasa emaoko. Zvisinei, Chimurenga cheMaindasitiri chakaunza shanduko huru munzira dzekugadzira nekugovera, zvichizopedzisira zvachinja mamiriro emagariro evanhu.
Nekuuya kwemichina mitsva uye matekiniki ekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, maindasitiri akadai semachira, migodhi, uye kugadzira zvinhu akawedzera nekukurumidza. Izvi zvakagadzira boka idzva revashandi vemaindasitiri vakasiyana nevarimi vechinyakare nevanoita mabasa madiki. Kubuda kweboka revashandi (vashandi vehurumende) neboka remabhizinesi (mabhizinesi) kwakagadzira musiyano mukuru muhupfumi nesimba.
Musiyano uripo pakati pevapfumi nevarombo wakawedzera, varidzi vemafekitori nevamabhizinesi vachiwana purofiti yakakura, nepo vashandi vachiwanzo rarama nemamiriro ekushanda asina kunaka uye mihoro yakaderera. Kusarongeka uku kwemagariro evanhu kwakabva kwakonzera mafambiro akasiyana-siyana emagariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika, akadai semafambiro evashandi nekuedza kugadzirisa magariro evanhu.
2. Mamiriro Ekushanda Mufekitori
Kuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwaizivikanwa nekuwedzera kwekubudirira kwayo mukugadzira, asi izvi zvaiwanzokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kuvashandi. Mamiriro ekushanda mumafekitori mazhinji panguva iyoyo aigona kutsanangurwa seakaoma uye asina hunhu. Vashandi, kusanganisira vakadzi nevana, vaiwanzoshanda mashifiti marefu aigona kusvika maawa gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nematanhatu pazuva. Uyezve, mihoro yavo yaive yakaderera zvikuru, kazhinji isingakwane kuriritira mhuri dzavo.
Mamiriro aya ekushanda akaomarara anowedzerwa nenzvimbo dzine njodzi dzebasa. Mafekitori anowanzo shaya matanho ekuchengetedza, zvichiita kuti tsaona dzebasa nekukuvara zviwanikwe. Mafekitori mazhinji haana mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka, mwenje usina kukwana, uye michina haina vadziviriri vekuchengetedza.
Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaita kuti vashandi vasawirirane. Kuramba mabasa kwakatanga kupararira, zvichimanikidza hurumende nevashandirwi kuti vavandudze mamiriro ebasa uye vagadze mitemo yekudzivirira vashandi. Munyika dzakawanda, mitemo yevashandi yakatangwa kuti maawa ekushanda aishoma, kurambidza kushandiswa kwevana, uye kugadza mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwebasa.
3. Kugara mumaguta
Kuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwakaunzawo shanduko huru muhuwandu hwevanhu uye marongerwo emaguta. Kutama kwevanhu kubva kumaruwa vachienda kumaguta, kwakava chinhu chakakosha panguva iyoyo. Sezvo mafekitori nemaindasitiri matsva akatangwa, vanhu vazhinji vakasiya hupenyu hwavo hwekumaruwa vachinotsvaga mabasa mumaguta.
Kukura kwemaguta nekukurumidza kwaisawanzoenderana nekurongwa kwakanaka kwemaguta. Maguta mazhinji makuru panguva iyoyo, akadai seLondon neManchester, akasangana nekuwanda kwevanhu nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana munharaunda uye zvakatipoteredza. Nzvimbo dzekugara dzakazara nevanhu, dziine hutsanana hwakaipa uye nzvimbo shoma dzekushandisa.
Hupenyu mumaguta ane zvitunha hunowanzova hwakaoma. Mhuri zhinji dzinogara mudzimba dzakazara vanhu, dzisina mvura yakachena uye hutano hwakakwana. Izvi zvinoguma nehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvirwere zvinotapukira nerufu, kunyanya pakati pevana.
Zvisinei, kukura uku kwemaguta kunounzawo mabhenefiti akati wandei. Maguta anova nzvimbo dzekuvandudza netsika, nekubuda kwezvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana, mamiziyamu, ma theatre, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Kuchinjana mazano neruzivo kunowedzerawo kukurumidza uye kushanda zvakanaka, zvichizopedzisira zvabatsira mukukura kwesainzi nekufambira mberi kwevanhu.
4. Kukanganisa Mhuri neNharaunda
Kuchinja kwehupfumi nemagariro evanhu kwakaunzwa neIndustrial Revolution kwakakanganisawo marongerwo emhuri nemafambiro ehupenyu. Chimurenga chisati chaitika, mhuri dzaiwanzoshanda pamwe chete mumapurazi kana mumabhizinesi avo ehunyanzvi. Zvisinei, nekuchinjwa kwebasa kuenda kumafekitori nemaindasitiri, mabasa nemabasa mukati memhuri zvakatanga kuchinja.
Nhengo zhinji dzemhuri, kusanganisira vakadzi nevana, dzakabatana nevashandi vemaindasitiri. Izvi zvakachinja mabasa emhuri echinyakare, vakadzi vazhinji vachishanda kunze kwemba kekutanga. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvakapa mikana yakawanda yehupfumi kumhuri, zvakaunzawo matambudziko matsva, akadai sekutarisira mari yemumba nekutarisira vana.
Uyezve, neruvara rweorenji, nzanga zhinji dzechivanhu dziri kupatsanuka sezvo vanhu vachitamira kumaguta makuru. Rutsigiro rwakasimba rwevanhu rwaimbovapo pakati pevavakidzani nemhuri dzakakura runotanga kupera simba sezvo vanhu vachijaira nharaunda yemaguta ine vanhu vega uye isingawanzozivikanwa.
5. Simba retsika nepfungwa
Kuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwakachinjawo mafungiro evanhu nezvekushanda nesimba uye kukoshesa kwavakaita basa. Tsika dzakadai sekushanda nesimba, hunyanzvi hutsva, uye kubereka zvakakosheswa zvikuru munharaunda. Uyezve, kubuda kwevashandi nematambudziko avakasangana nawo kwakakurudzira vazhinji vevanyanzvi, kubva kuna Karl Marx naFriedrich Engels, avo vakanyora nezve capitalism nehondo dzemapoka, kusvika kune vanochinja magariro evanhu vaitsvaga kuvandudza mararamiro nemabasa evashandi.
Kuziva kuri kukura kwekusarongeka kwevanhu nehupfumi kwakabatsirawo kugadzira mafambiro akasiyana-siyana evanhu nevezvematongerwo enyika ari kuramba achikanganisa nyika yanhasi. Mafambiro ekodzero dzevashandi, kutsigira kodzero dzevakadzi, uye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa magariro evanhu nehupfumi zvakawedzera simba panguva iyi uye mushure menguva iyi.
Penutup
Kuchinja kwemagariro evanhu kwakakonzerwa neIndustrial Revolution kwakakosha zvikuru. Kubva pakuchinja kwemagariro evanhu, kazhinji mamiriro ekushanda asina hunhu, kukura kwemaguta kwakasimba, kusvika pakuchinja kwemhuri nemagariro evanhu, nguva iyi yakaunza shanduko huru dzakaumba zvinhu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwemazuva ano.
Kunyange zvazvo zvakawanda zvezvikanganiso izvi zvakaunza matambudziko makuru, zvakaunzawo zvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda uye kufambira mberi muminda yakasiyana-siyana. Kuchinja uku kwakaratidza simba rekuchinja kwehupenyu hwevanhu uye kugona kwavo kutungamira shanduko kuti zvibatsire vanhu vose. Kusvika nhasi, nhaka yeIndustrial Revolution ichiri kukanganisa mararamiro edu, mashandiro edu, uye mashandisirwo edu munharaunda yepasi rose iri kuwedzera kuoma uye yakabatana.
