Maitiro Ekugadzira Sipo Inobva kuEnzyme
Munguva yanhasi, kudiwa kwezvinhu zvekuchengetedza uye zvehutsanana kuri kuwedzera. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha idetergent. Sipo yakanaka inofanira kukwanisa kubvisa mavara zvinobudirira pasina kukuvadza mbatya. Chimwe chezvinhu zvitsva muindasitiri yedetergent kushandisa maenzyme. Maenzyme zvinhu zvehupenyu zvinogona kukurumidzisa makemikari, kusanganisira kuputsika kwemavara eorganic pambatya. Pazasi, tichakurukura zvakadzama maitiro ekugadzira sipo dzinobva kuenzyme.
Nhoroondo Pfupi yekushandiswa kweEnzyme muDetergents
Kushandiswa kwema enzymes muma sipo kwakatanga kushandiswa muma1960. Ma enzymes aishandiswa pakutanga aive ma proteases, ane simba rekupwanya mapuroteni. Kubva ipapo, kushandiswa kwema enzymes muma sipo kwakawedzera nekuwedzera marudzi akasiyana ema enzymes akadai se lipase (kubvisa mafuta), amylase (kupwanya starch), uye cellulase (iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza ruvara nekupfava kwemachira).
Mhando dzeEnzymes dzinoshandiswa muDetergents
1. Mapuroteni: Iyi enzyme inopwanya mapuroteni anowanzo kuwanikwa mumavanga echikafu akadai semazai, ropa, uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka.
2. Lipase: Iyi enzyme inoshanda mukupwanya mafuta nemafuta anowanzo kuwanikwa mumavanga emafuta echikafu akadai semasosi nebhota.
3. Amylase: Iyi enzyme inoshandiswa kupwanya starch iyo inowanzo kuwanikwa mumavanga echikafu akadai semupunga nepasta.
4. Cellulase: Iyi enzyme inobatsira kuchengetedza kupfava kwejira uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwefaibha uye kuderedza kutaridzika kwefaibha diki pamusoro pejira, inozivikanwa sepilling.
Zvinodiwa Pakugadzira
Kuti ugadzire sipo yekuchenesa yakagadzirwa nema enzyme, hezvino zvinhu zvaunoda:
1. Anionic neNonionic Surfactants: Surfactants ndizvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa mu sipo dzinobatsira kuderedza kushushikana kwemvura uye kubvumira mvura kunyungudutsa tsvina nemavanga. Mienzaniso yeanionic surfactants i sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) uye sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), nepo nonionic surfactants dzinosanganisira ethoxylated alcohol.
2. MaEnzayimu: Sarudza enzyme zvichienderana neruvara rwaunoda kurapa. Unogona kutenga maenzayimu eprotease, lipase, amylase, uye cellulase mukutengesa.
3. Muvaki: Vavaki vanobatsira kusimbisa kushanda kwemasurfactants. Mienzaniso yevavaki i sodium tripolyphosphate, zeolite, kana citrate.
4. Muchina wekuzadza: Wakadai se sodium sulfate iyo inoshanda semushonga wekusimbisa muviri uye inoumba sipo yakawanda.
5. Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa: Zvakaita semapolycarboxylates kudzivirira kunyudzwazve kwetsvina pajira, zvinodzivirira kudzoserwa kwenzvimbo, uye zvinovhenekesa optical kuwedzera kupenya kweruvara rwejira.
6. Mvura: Sechinhu chikuru chinonyungudutsa zvinhu zvose.
Maitiro Ekugadzira
Matanho ekugadzira sipo yakagadzirwa nema enzyme ndeaya anotevera:
1. Kugadzira Nzvimbo yeSipo
Danho rekutanga nderekusanganisa ma surfactants e anionic ne nonionic. Pachikero chemaindasitiri, maitiro aya anowanzoitwa muma mixing reactors makuru.
1. Kuyera uye Kusanganisa MaSurfactants:
- Yera huwandu hunodiwa hwe anionic surfactant senge SLS kana SLES.
– Sanganisa anionic surfactant ne nonionic surfactant muchiyero chakakodzera.
– Sanganisa kusvika zvanyatsosanganiswa uchishandisa muchina wekusanganisa zvinhu zveindasitiri kana muchina wekusanganisa zvinhu zvinomhanya zvakanyanya.
2. Kuwedzera Muvaki:
– Wedzera chinhu chinovaka (semuenzaniso, sodium tripolyphosphate) kumusanganiswa we surfactant.
– Iva nechokwadi chekuti muvaki anyungudika zvachose mumusanganiswa.
3. Kuwedzera Mvura:
– Wedzera mvura yakakwana kusvika yakwana.
– Kurunga nguva dzose kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvakasanganiswa zvakanaka uye hapana mapundu.
2. Kuwedzera maEnzymes
Kana sipo yekuchenesa yagadzirwa, danho rinotevera nderekuwedzera ma enzymes. Kuwedzerwa kwema enzymes kunofanirwa kuitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akarongwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti haaparadzike.
1. Kugadzirira Enzyme:
– Yera enzyme zvichienderana nehuwandu hunodiwa. Kazhinji, ma enzyme anowedzerwa nehuwandu hwakaderera (1-2% yehuwandu hwese).
– MaEnzyme anofanirwa kubatwa nekungwarira uye anowanzo nyungudutswa mumvura kutanga kuti zvive nyore kusanganisa.
2. Kubatanidzwa kwemaEnzymes muDetergent Base:
– Isa mushonga we enzyme zvishoma nezvishoma pasi pe detergent uchikurunga nguva dzose. Tembiricha yekusanganisa inofanira kudzorwa kuti igare iri pakati penzvimbo isingakuvadzi ma enzyme (kazhinji iri pasi pe40°C).
– Kurunga kusvika ma enzymes apararira zvakaenzana mumusanganiswa.
3. Kuwedzera Zvimwe Zvinowedzerwa
Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa zvinogona kuwedzerwa mushure mekunge kusanganiswa kwema enzyme kwapera.
1. Zvinovhenekesa Maziso uye Zvinodzivirira Kugadziriswazve Kwenzvimbo:
– Wedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sezviyereso zvechiedza kuti jira riwedzere ruvara nekupenya.
– Wedzera zvinhu zvinodzivirira kudzoreredzwa kwevhu kudzivirira tsvina kuti inamire pajira zvakare.
2. Chinosimbisa:
– Wedzera zvinhu zvinosimbisa muviri zvakaita sesodium sulfate nepolycarboxylate kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti fomura yemushonga wekushambidza inogadzikana.
– Kurunga kusvika zvanyatsosanganiswa.
Kudzora Hunhu uye Kurongedza
Kana sipo yakagadzirwa nema enzyme yapera kugadzirwa, danho rekupedzisira nderekudzora kunaka kwemushonga nekuurongedza.
1. Bvunzo Yemhando Yepamusoro:
- Ita bvunzo dzemhando yepamusoro dzinosanganisira kuyedza kugona kuchenesa, kugadzikana kwema enzyme, uye kushanda kwe sipo nemarudzi akasiyana emachira.
– Iva nechokwadi chekuti sipo iyi inosangana nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro usati watanga kutengeswa.
2. Kurongedza:
– Kurongedza tsvina yemushonga kunofanirwa kuitwa mumamiriro ehutsanana kudzivirira kusvibiswa.
- Shandisa kurongedza kwakasimba kwemhepo nehunyoro kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti enzyme inogara kwenguva refu.
Mhedziso
Sipo dzekuchenesa dzinobva mu enzyme dzinopa mukana wekubvisa mavara emumba pasina kukuvadza shinda dzejira. Maitiro ekugadzira anosanganisira ruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwema enzymes nemakemikari. Nekutevera matanho akatsanangurwa, unogona kugadzira sipo yekuchenesa inoshanda uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda. Iyi nzira itsva haingogumiri pakugutsa zvinodiwa nevatengi zvezvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa zvinobudirira asiwo inobatsirawo pakuchengetedza nharaunda.
