Dhizaini uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemapombi ekupisa epasi pevhu
Pombi yekupisa yegeothermal (GSHP) itekinoroji yekudziyisa nekutonhodza imba inoshandisa tembiricha yakagadzikana yepasi senzvimbo yekupisa kana sinki. Munzvimbo zhinji, tembiricha yepasi pakadzika kwakati inoramba yakafanana mukati megore rose zvichienzaniswa nemhepo yekunze. Izvi zvinobvumira pombi dzekupisa dzegeothermal kuti dzishande zvakanaka kupfuura masisitimu eHVAC akajairwa, kunyanya mumamiriro ekunze ane musiyano wakakura wemwaka. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura misimboti yekushanda, sarudzo dzekugadzira, zvinhu zvinoshanda, uye zvinhu zvinoshanda kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti sisitimu inoshanda nesimba uye yakavimbika zvechokwadi.
Nheyo yekushanda kwepombi yekupisa ye geothermal
Chaizvoizvo, pombi yekupisa i "heat transferr," kwete "mugadziri." Sisitimu iyi inotamisa kupisa kubva kunzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera kuenda kunzvimbo ine tembiricha yepamusoro ichishandisa compressor ne refrigerant. Mu heating mode, kupisa kunotorwa kubva pasi (kuburikidza nemvura inotenderera mu ground loop), ipapo tembiricha yayo inokwidzwa uye inoparadzirwa muchivako chose. Mu cooling mode, heat transfer inodzoserwa shure: kupisa kubva mukati kunobviswa uye kunoparadzirwa pasi.
Hwaro hwekushanda zvakanaka kweGSHP huri mukupisa kwepasi kwakadzikama. Kana tembiricha yekunze yemhepo ichitonhora zvikuru, sisitimu yemhepo kubva kumhepo kuenda kumhepo (nzvimbo yemhepo) inofanira kubvisa kupisa kubva mumhepo inotonhora, zvichiita kuti compressor ishande nesimba. Kusiyana neizvi, pasi pakadzika kwemamita akati wandei rinoramba richidziya, zvichikonzera kukwira kudiki kwetembiricha yekushanda, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwecompressor.
Kugadzika kwedhizaini yesystem: ground loop
Chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira GSHP ipasi rinochinja kupisa, rinowanzova pombi yepolyethylene ine density yakakura (HDPE) inoumba denderedzwa rakavharwa kana sisitimu yakavhurika. Sarudzo yemamiriro ezvinhu inotsamira panzvimbo yepasi, mamiriro enzvimbo, kuwanikwa kwemvura yepasi, uye kugona kunodiwa kwekudziyisa nekutonhodza.
1) Sisitimu yekuvhara yakavharika
a. Chitenderedzo chakarara
Mapaipi anofukidzwa zvakatwasuka kusvika pakadzika mamita 1–2 (zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze nemitemo). Zvakanakira zvinosanganisira mitengo yakaderera yekuboorera, kukodzera nzvimbo dzakakura, uye nyore kushandisa. Zvakashata zvinosanganisira kudiwa kwenzvimbo dzakakura uye kukanganisa kukuru pakushanda nekuda kwekushanduka-shanduka kwemwaka kwekupisa kwevhu pamusoro. Ivhu rakaoma kana rine matombo rinogona kuderedza kugona kupisa/kunwa mvura.
b. Chitenderedzo chakamira
Pombi iyi inopinzwa mugomba rakamira (semuenzaniso, makumi kusvika mazana emamita), kazhinji muchimiro cheU-bend. Izvi zvakajairika kune ivhu diki munzvimbo dzemaguta uye zvinopa tembiricha yakadzikama pasi. Dambudziko nderekuti mitengo yekutanga yakakwira nekuda kwekudiwa kwekuboorwa nekugrouting (kuzadza nezvinhu zvinofambisa mvura kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ivhu/dombo zvinobata zvakanaka). Zvisinei, mashandiro anowanzoenderana uye nzvimbo yepasi hainyanyi kukwira.
c. Dziva/dhamu rakatenderedza
Kana dziva kana dziva rine kudzika kwakakwana riripo, pombi inogona kunyudzwa mumvura. Mari inogona kuderedzwa pane kucherwa, uye kutamiswa kwekupisa kwakanaka kwemvura kunovandudza mashandiro. Zvipingamupinyi zvinosanganisira kudiwa kwenzvimbo yakakodzera yemvura, mvumo yezvakatipoteredza, uye dziviriro kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemakemikari kana shanduko mumhando yemvura.
2) Sisitimu yakavhurika yeropu
Sisitimu iyi inopomba mvura yepasi pevhu kana pamusoro pemvura, inoburitsa/inowedzera kupisa kuburikidza nemuchina wekupisa, uye yozodzosera mvura mutsime rinochaja mvura. Kushanda zvakanaka kunogona kuve kwakanyanya nekuda kwekuchinjana kupisa zvakananga nemvura, asi dhizaini yacho yakaoma zvikuru nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvinobvumidza, kukura/ngura, njodzi dzekusvibiswa, uye kuwanikwa kwemvura yakagadzikana. Hadzisi nzvimbo dzese dzakakodzera sarudzo iyi.
Zvikamu zvakakosha uye zvisarudzo zvekugadzira
Pamusoro pechitenderedzo chepasi, GSHP ine unit yepombi yekupisa (compressor, evaporator-condenser, expansion valve), pombi yekutenderera kwemvura yepasi pepasi, sisitimu yekugovera mukati mechivako, uye zvinodzora.
1. Mvura inoyerera pasi pevhu
Mvura neantifreeze (propylene glycol kana ethanol) zvinowanzo sanganiswa munzvimbo dzine njodzi yekuomeswa nechando. Kusarudzwa kwehuwandu hweantifreeze kunokanganisa kusimba kwemvura, zvinodiwa papombi, uye kugona kwekupisa.
2. Pombi yekutenderera uye dhizaini yehydraulic
Kugadzirwa kwepombi uye manifold kunosarudza kurasikirwa kwemusoro. Kana pombi iri diki zvakanyanya kana kuti nzira yacho yakavhiringika, simba repombi richave rakawanda, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa hwese. Saka, vagadziri vanofanirwa kuenzanisa mutengo wepombi nekushandiswa kwesimba repombi muhupenyu hwayo hwese.
3. Sisitimu yekugovera kupisa/kutonhora muchivako
MaGSHP anoshanda zvakanyanya mumasisitimu ane tembiricha shoma yemvura, akadai semafuro ane radiant kana mafeni ane tembiricha iri pakati nepakati. Kune tembiricha yepamusoro yemvura (semuenzaniso, ma radiator ekare), mapombi ekupisa anogona kushanda patembiricha yepamusoro, zvichideredza COP. Kugadzirisa dhizaini yekugovera kunowanzo kuve chinhu chakakosha pakuchengetedza simba.
4. Kudzora mashandiro uye hurongwa
Kudzora kwakanaka kunodzivirira kufamba kwenguva pfupi (kudzimwa kakawanda) uye kunogadzirisa setpoint curve. Mathermostat ane zvikamu zvakawanda, matangi emabhafa (ema hydronic systems), uye magadzirirwo ekumhanya anochinja-chinja pama compressor kana mapombi zvinogona kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kunyaradzwa.
Kunzwisisa kushanda zvakanaka: COP, EER, uye SPF
Kushanda zvakanaka kwepombi yekupisa kunowanzo ratidzwa seizvi:
– COP (Coefficient of Performance) yekupisa: chiyero chesimba rekupisa rinogadzirwa nemagetsi anoshandiswa. COP ye4 zvinoreva kuti 1 kWh yega yega yemagetsi inoburitsa 4 kWh yekupisa.
– EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) yemodhi yekutonhodza.
– SPF/SCOP (Seasonal Performance Factor): kushanda zvakanaka kwemwaka kunofunga nezvekuchinja kwemutoro, tembiricha, uye mashandiro chaiwo. Chiratidzo ichi chinowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya kupfuura COP yemurabhoritari.
MuGSHPs, COP inowanzo kuve yakakwira nekuti tembiricha inobva (ivhu) yakagadzikana. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwekupedzisira rwemushandisi runoenderana zvakanyanya nekugadzirwa kweropu, mhando yekuisa, uye kuenderana nemitoro yekuvaka.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakushanda zvakanaka
1. Mamiriro ekupisa evhu uye geology
Kufambiswa kwemvura muvhu/dombo, hunyoro, uye kuvapo kwemvura yepasi pevhu zvinopesvedzera zvakanyanya kutamiswa kwekupisa. Ivhu rakanyorova rinowanzova nani pane ivhu rakaoma. Mamwe matombo anogona kufambisa mvura zvakanyanya, zvichibatsira magadzirirwo akatwasuka.
2. Saizi chaiyo yedenderedzwa repasi (saizi)
Chitenderedzo chidiki kwazvo chinogona kukonzera kuchinja-chinja kwakanyanya kwekushisa kwemvura, kudzikira kweCOP, uye njodzi yekuti sisitimu isasvike pakukwanisa kwayo kukuru. Chitenderedzo chidiki zvikuru chinowedzera mitengo yekutanga. Saizi inofanira kunge yakavakirwa pakuverenga kwegore negore kwehuwandu hwemutoro nesimba, kwete kufungidzira kwakazara.
3. Kuenzanisa kugona kweyuniti nemutoro wekuvaka
Mayuniti makuru anowanzo shanda kwenguva pfupi, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka uye zvinokurumidzisa kupera. Mayuniti mashoma anowanzo shanda kana zvinhu zvakawanda zvichirema kana kuti zvinoda kudziyisa, zvichiwedzera mari yekushandisa.
4. Simba repombi yekutenderera (simba rezvipembenene)
Kazhinji kacho, kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwepombi dzemvura nemabhurower kunogona kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa hwese. Dhizaini yakanaka ye hydraulic, mapaipi akanaka, uye mapombi anoshanda zvakanyanya zvakakosha pakuchengetedza SPF.
5. Hunhu hwekuisa uye kugadzira mapuranga (ekumira)
Kubata zvakanaka kwepombi nepasi kwemafuta kwakakosha. Kubata zvakanaka kwepombi kunoderedza kuramba kwemafuta. Kusaisa zvakanaka, kudonha kwemvura, kana kubatana kusina kunaka kunokanganisa mashandiro epombi uye kunowedzera njodzi yekukundikana.
6. Kubatanidzwa kwehurongwa hwemvura inopisa yemumba (DHW)
Mamwe maGSHP anogona kupisa mvura yemumba kuburikidza ne desuperheater kana mode yakatarwa. Izvi zvinovandudza mashandisirwo esimba, kunyanya kana sisitimu yekutonhodza ichipedza kupisa kunogona "kutorwa" kuti mvura inopisa.
Kufunga nezvehupfumi uye kuchengetedzeka
Mutengo wekutanga weGSHP unowanzo kuve wakakwira kupfuura weAC kana boiler yemazuva ano nekuda kwemabasa epasi/kuboora. Zvisinei, mari yekushandisa inogona kunge yakaderera uye yakagadzikana. Kuongorora kwakanaka kwekuita basa kunoongorora zvinotevera:
- mitengo yemagetsi nemafuta emhando yepamusoro,
- maawa ekushanda egore negore (profile yemutoro),
- zvinokurudzira mitero kana makiredhiti (kana zviripo),
- mari yekugadzirisa uye hupenyu hwemidziyo,
- kukosha kwekunyaradzwa uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Panyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, GSHP inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kunyanya kana magetsi achibva kunzvimbo dzisina kabhoni yakawanda. Uyezve, hapana kutsva kwemhepo panzvimbo iyi, zvichideredza kusvibiswa kwemhepo munharaunda uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza gasi.
Maitiro akanakisa ekugadzira
Kuti hurongwa uhwu hushande zvakanaka, mamwe maitiro anowanzo kurudzirwa ndeaya:
1. kuita ongororo yesimba rekuvaka uye kugadzirisa huni yekuvaka (insulation, mhepo inodonha) usati waona kuti inokwanisa kusvika kupi,
2. Shandisa maverengero akakodzera emutoro wekupisa nekutonhodza, kwete nzvimbo yekuvaka chete,
3. Sarudza gadziriro yedenderedzwa zvichienderana nenyika uye geology, uye ita bvunzo dzemhinduro dzekupisa (kumapurojekiti makuru),
4. koshesa kugoverwa kwekupisa kwakaderera (pasi rakakodzera rinopenya/resimbi),
5. gadzirisa ma hydraulics kuti uderedze simba repombi,
6. shandisa zvinhu zvinodzora zvinodzivirira kufamba kwenguva pfupi uye zvinotsigira mashandiro akasiyana-siyana.
Penutup
Kugadzirwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwepombi yekupisa yegeothermal kunonyanya kuenderana nekukodzera kwezvinhu zvitatu: hunhu hwevhu, zvinodiwa pakutakura zvinhu, uye mhando yehurongwa hwekufamba nekugadzira zvinhu mukati mechivako. Kana yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, maGSHP anopa kushanda zvakanaka, nyaradzo yakagadzikana, uye mukana wekuchengetedza mari yesimba kwenguva refu. Pakati pekudiwa kwekudzikiswa kweutsi uye kuiswa kwemagetsi ekupisa, mapombi ekupisa egeothermal ari kuva imwe yesarudzo dzinokwezva zvivakwa zvemazuva ano—zvingave zvekugara, zvemabhizinesi, kana zvemasangano—chero bedzi dhizaini yavo iri yakasimba uye ichishandisa data.
