Zvishandiso neMidziyo Zvinoshandiswa muMetallurgy Labs: Kuongorora Kwakadzama
Metallurgy, iro bazi resainzi netekinoroji rine chekuita nehunhu hwesimbi uye kugadzirwa kwadzo nekucheneswa kwadzo, ndiro musimboti wemabasa emazuva ano emaindasitiri neinjiniya. Kuti uwane kunyatsojeka kunodiwa muchikamu ichi, seti yakasimba yezvishandiso zvekuongorora nemidziyo inokosha. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa maturusi nemidziyo inokosha inowanikwa mumarabhoritari esimbi, chichijekesa mabasa azvo, kukosha, uye simba razvo pakudzidza nekushandiswa kwesimbi.
1. Maikorosikopu
Maikorosikopu chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha murabhoritari yesimbi. Anoshandiswa kuongorora maumbirwo esimbi nesimbi, izvo zvinosarudza hunhu hwadzo nemaitiro adzo.
Optical Microscopes
Aya maikorosikopu echinyakare anoshandisa chiedza kukudza sample. Akakosha pakuongorora chimiro chegrain, phases, uye inclusions pakukudza kusvika pa1000x. Optical microscopy inopa nzira inokurumidza uye yakatwasuka yekuona hunhu hwese hwesamples dzesimbi.
Kuskena Maikorosikopu eElectron (SEM)
SEM inopa kukura kwakanyanya uye kudzika kwemunda zvichienzaniswa nema microscope e optical. Vanoshandisa danda rakanangana rema electron kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yesampuro pamusoro pemamorekuru, vachipa ruzivo pamusoro penzvimbo, maumbirwo, uye chimiro che crystalline. SEM inokosha pakuongorora kutadza, kutsanangurwa kwezvinhu, uye kudzora mhando.
2. Maspectromita
MaSpectrometer anoongorora kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvesimbi achishandisa nzira dzespectroscopic.
MaSpectrometer ePlasma (ICP) Akabatanidzwa Nemuchina
MaICP spectrometers anoongorora sampuli achishandisa argon plasma uye anoyera chiedza chinobuda pahurefu hwemafungu emagetsi kuti aone uye averenge zvinhu zviripo. Nzira iyi inonyanya kunzwisisika uye inogona kuona zvinhu zvidiki pahuwandu hwakaderera, zvakakosha pakudzora kunaka uye kuongorora zvidiki.
MaSpectrometer eX-ray Fluorescence (XRF)
XRF inzira yekuongorora isingaparadze inoshandiswa kuona kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kana mienzaniso yaiswa paX-rays, inoburitsa maX-ray echipiri (fluorescent). Masimba anoshandiswa anoyerwa kuti aone uye aone huwandu hwezvinhu zvacho.
3. Vaedzi veKuoma
Vaongorori vehukukutu vanoyera kuramba kwechigadzirwa kuchinjika, chinhu chakakosha pahunhu hwechinhu ichi mukugadzira simbi.
Vaongorori veKuomarara kweRockwell
Vanoedza kuomarara kwesimbi muRockwell vanoongorora kuomarara kwesimbi nekupinza chinhu chacho nebhora redhaimani kana tungsten carbide uye kuyera kudzika kwekupinda kwacho pasi pemutoro wakatarwa. Chikero cheRockwell chinopa nzira yekukurumidza uye isingaparadze yekuedza kuomarara.
Vickers Kuomesa Kuoma
Vayedzi veVickers vanoedza kuomarara vanoshandisa piramidhi yedhaimani uye vanoyera kureba kwedhayamita yekudzikisa gomba vachishandisa maikorosikopu. Nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa pamhando dzese dzesimbi uye inobvumira kuyedzwa kwehukukutu, ichipa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvekusiyana kwekuomarara mukati mechimiro che microstructure.
4. Michina Yekuyedza Inodhonza
Michina yekuedza tambo inoongorora simba rekusimba, kusimba, uye kugona kwesimbi.
Michina Yekuyedza Yese (UTM)
MaUTM zvishandiso zvinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoita bvunzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira kudhonza, kudzvanya, uye kukotama pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Muchina uyu unoyera simba rinodiwa kuti sampuli iwedzere kusvika yatyoka, zvichipa ruzivo rwezvinhu zvakaita sesimba rekudhonza, simba rekuburitsa, uye kurebesa.
5. Mavira neOvheni
Kurapa kupisa inzira inokosha mukugadzira simbi, inoshandiswa kushandura hunhu hwemuviri uye dzimwe nguva hwemakemikari echinhu.
Mafuro eMuffle
Maovheni emuffle anopa nzvimbo dzinodziya zvakanyanya (kusvika 1800°C) dzekugadzirisa kupisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwakadai sekupinza, kupwanya, uye kukora. Akakosha pakugadzirisa hunhu hwesimbi kuti uwane kuomarara, simba, uye ductility yaunoda.
Mafuro eTube
Matope emoto ane kamuri rakaita sedenderedzwa rinogona kudziiswa zvakaenzana. Anowanzo shandiswa pakuita zvinhu zvinoda mhepo inodzorwa, zvakaita se carburization, nitriding, uye tempering. Kudzora kwakarurama kwekupisa uye tembiricha dzavanopa kwakakosha mukutsvagisa nekugadzira.
6. Midziyo Yekugadzirira Muenzaniso
Kugadzirira masampuli nemazvo kwakakosha pakuongorora simbi nemazvo.
Michina yekukuya nekupukuta
Michina iyi inogadzira simbi nekuikuya nekuipukuta kuti iite nzvimbo yakatsetseka uye yakati sandara inodiwa pakuongorora nemaikorosikopu. Maitiro aya anosanganisira matanho akawanda, kutanga nekukuya kwakakora kubvisa zvikanganiso uye kuenderera mberi nekupukuta zvakanaka kuti ipedzise segirazi.
Kutema Machina
Michina yekucheka inocheka nekucheka sampuli dzesimbi pasina kuisa simba guru rekupisa kana remakanika rinogona kuchinja chimiro chemuenzaniso. Kucheka nemazvo kwakakosha kuti uwane sampuli dzakarurama uye dzinomiririra kuti dziongororwe.
7. Midziyo Yekuongorora Makemikoro
Kuongororwa kwemakemikari kunosarudza kuumbwa uye huwandu hwezvinhu zviri mumidziyo yesimbi.
Spectrophotometers
MaSpectrophotometer anoyera simba rechiedza chinonyudzwa nemushonga pahurefu hwemafungu chaiwo, zvichibatsira kuona huwandu hwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa. Nzira iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuongorora maitiro e alloy uye kuona tsvina.
8. Midziyo Yekuyedza Isina Kuparadza (NDT)
Nzira dzeNDT dzinoshandiswa kuongorora kusimba uye hunhu hwezvinhu pasina kukonzera kukuvara.
Midziyo Yekuongorora yeUltrasonic
Kuyedzwa kweUltrasonic kunoshandisa mafungu eruzha ane ruzha rwakawanda kuti vaone zvikanganiso zvemukati, kuyera ukobvu, uye kuratidza zvinhu. Iyi inzira inoshanda yekuona mitswe, maburi, nezvimwe zvisipo.
Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI)
MPI inoona zvikanganiso zviri pamusoro nepadhuze nepamusoro pezvinhu zve ferromagnetic. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kuisa magneti mumuenzaniso uye kushandisa zvidimbu zvemagnetic zvinoungana pazvisina kugadzikana, zvichiita kuti zvionekwe pasi peUV kana chiedza chichena.
9. Makamuri Emhepo Anodzora
Makamuri emhepo anodzorwa anopa mamiriro chaiwo ezvakatipoteredza, akadai semhepo isina gasi kana vacuum, zvinodiwa pakuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekuyedza uye maitiro esimbi. Akakosha pakudzidza oxidation, ngura, uye kuita kuyedza kwakanyanya kupisa.
mhedziso
Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvemarabhoritari esimbi zvinoita basa guru mukusimudzira kunzwisisa kwedu nekushandisa zvinhu zvesimbi. Kubva kumamaikorosikopu anoratidza ma microstructure akaomarara kusvika kuma spectrometer anoratidza maitiro echinhu, chishandiso chimwe nechimwe chinobatsira mukudzidza nekugadziridza simbi zvakanyatsonaka. Vayedzi vekusimbisa kuomarara nemichina yekudhonza inotsanangura hunhu hwemakanika, nepo maovheni achibatsira kurapwa kwekupisa kwakakosha. Zvishandiso zvekugadzirira mienzaniso zvinovimbisa kuongororwa kwakarurama, sezvo michina yekuyedza yemakemikari neisina kuparadza ichipa nzwisiso yakakwana pasina kukanganisa kuvimbika. Sezvo munda wacho uchichinja, zvishandiso izvi pasina mubvunzo zvicharamba zvichigadzira ramangwana rekugadzira simbi, zvichitungamira hunyanzvi uye kugona mune sainzi yesimbi neinjiniya.
