Tsanangudzo uye Mienzaniso yeMiitiro yeAgroforestry muMasango
Agroforestry inzira yekutarisira ivhu inobatanidza miti nezvimwe zvirimwa zvine miti nezvirimwa zvekurima, zvipfuyo, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa nevhu. Kana ikaongororwa uye ikashandiswa nekuchenjera, nzira iyi inogona kupa mabhenefiti akasiyana-siyana ezvakatipoteredza, hupfumi, uye magariro evanhu. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura nezvekutanga kweagroforestry uye tichapa mienzaniso yakati wandei yekubudirira kweagroforestry mumasango.
Kunzwisisa Kurima Kwemiti
Muchidzidzo chekare, agroforestry inobva pamashoko ekuti "agro," zvichireva ivhu rekurima, uye "forestry," zvichireva sango kana miti. Saka, agroforestry inogona kutsanangurwa senzira yekubatanidza zvinhu zvekurima nemasango mukati mehurongwa humwe chete hwenyika hwakabatana.
Kugadzira miti hakungotaridzi chete pakugadzira matanda kana chikafu, asiwo pakuchengetedza nharaunda, kuchengetedza ivhu nemvura, kuwedzera kuorera kwevhu, uye kuwedzera kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu . Mukuita, kugadzira miti kunosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, rudzi rwevhu , uye zvinodiwa nenharaunda.
Zvikamu Zvikuru zveAgroforestry
1. Zvikamu zveMuti: Izvi zvinogona kuva miti inochengeterwa matanda, miti yemichero, kana miti yemumvuri.
2. Zvikamu zvezvirimwa: Izvi zvinosanganisira marudzi ese ezvirimwa zvekurima zvakaita semuriwo, zviyo, nezvimwe zvinorimwa pakati pemiti kana pedyo nayo.
3. Zvikamu zveZvipfuyo: Dzimwe nzira dzekurima masango dzinosanganisirawo zvipfuyo zvakaita sembudzi, mombe, kana huku senzira yekurima uye yekushandisa fetereza yeorganic.
Mienzaniso yeMiitiro yeAgroforestry muMasango
1. Sisitimu yeTaungya
Sisitimu yeTaungya muenzaniso wekurima miti kwave kushandiswa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopisa. Musisitimu iyi, varimi vanobvumirwa kurima zvirimwa zvekudya zvemwaka wega wega panzvimbo yemasango yakadyarwa miti nguva pfupi yadarika. Izvi zvinoguma nekuva nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana umo miti nezvirimwa zvekudya zvinokura pamwe chete.
Semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSouth Asia, dzakadai seIndia neSri Lanka, nzira iyi yakabatsira varimi kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwechikafu uku vachiona kuti masango adyarwazve munzvimbo dzakamboparadzwa. Varimi vanorima zvirimwa zvekudya zvakaita sebhinzi, chibage, kana mimwe miriwo kwemakore mashoma ekutanga kusvika miti yakura zvakakwana kuti iite mumvuri wakakura. Panguva iyi, goho rezvirimwa rinoderera, uye varimi vanowanzoendeswa kunzvimbo itsva kuitira kuti miti irambe ichikura.
2. Sisitimu yeKucheka Mipata
Kuchera miti mumigero inzira yekurima miti umo zvirimwa zvinodyarwa pakati pemitsara yemiti kana masango. Iyi nzira inobvumira kushandiswa kwevhu zvakanaka uye inovandudza mamiriro evhu.
Semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeBrazil neWest Africa, varimi vanoshandisa mitsara yemiti yembeu yakaita seGliricidia kana Leucaena. Miti iyi inopfumisa ivhu nenitrogen kuburikidza nekuiswa kwezvirimwa. Pakati pemitsara iyi, varimi vanodyara zvirimwa zvakaita sechibage, mbatatisi, kana bhinzi. Kudyara mumigero hakungobatsiri chete kuchengetedza hunyoro hwevhu asiwo kunoderedza kukurwa kwevhu uye kunovandudza kukora kwevhu nekufamba kwenguva.
3. Sisitimu yeSilvopasture
Masisitimu eSilvopasture inzira yekubatanidza kugadzirwa kwezvipfuyo nekugadzirwa kwemasango. Pasi petsika iyi, varimi vanorera zvipfuyo pasi pemasango kana muminda yakakomberedzwa nemiti. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera goho revhu uye kupa imwe pundutso yekudya kubva mumarara e leucaena, mashizha, kana huswa huri kukura musango.
MuSouth America, semuenzaniso muBrazil, nzira iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekubatanidza mafuro nemiti ye eucalyptus. Sisitimu yemombe-uswa-eucalyptus muenzaniso unobudirira wekubatanidza uku. Miti inopa mumvuri wakanaka wekudyara mombe, nepo huswa huchipa huswa hwakakwana hwemazuva akaoma. Uye zvakare, ndove yezvipfuwo inobatsira kuvandudza kukora kwevhu, izvo zvinobatsira kukura kwemiti.
4. Sisitimu yekurima
Agrisilviculture inzira yekurima miti inosanganisa zvirimwa zvekurima nemiti yemasango. Munzira iyi, varimi vanodyara miti ine mutengo wakakwira, senge teak, mahogany, kana miti yemichero, pamwe chete nezvirimwa zvekudya.
Muenzaniso wekubudirira kuri kuitwa uri muIndonesia, kunyanya pachitsuwa cheJava. Varimi vazhinji vanodyara miti yeteak pamwe chete nezvirimwa zvegore negore zvakaita sechibage kana nzungu. Miti yeteak inotora makore akati wandei kuti ikure, panguva iyo varimi vanogona kuramba vachigadzira chikafu kubva muzvirimwa izvi zvemwaka, nokudaro vachiwana purofiti yakapetwa kaviri.
Mabhenefiti eAgroforestry
Mabhenefiti Ezvakatipoteredza
1. Kuchengetedza Ivhu Nemvura: Miti iri muminda inobatsira kuderedza kukurwa kwevhu uye kuwedzera kupinda kwemvura.
2. Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu: Nekubatanidza mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa nemiti, kurima miti kunobatsira kuchengetedza nekusimudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.
3. Kuderedza Kushanduka Kwemamiriro Ekunze: Miti inonwisa uye inochengeta kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, zvichibatsira kuderedza magasi anotonhorera mumhepo.
Mabhenefiti Ehupfumi
1. Kusiyanisa Mari: Varimi vanowana nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuwana mari kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurongwa hwekurima miti, zvinosanganisira matanda, michero, nezvipfuyo.
2. Kugadzikana Kwekugadzira: Masisitimu ekurima miti anodzivirira mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, kurwiswa nezvipembenene, kana zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana-siyana kwezvirimwa.
Kubatsira Kwemagariro Evanhu
1. Kuchengetedzwa Kwechikafu: Kubatanidzwa kwezvirimwa zvekudya muhurongwa hwekurima miti kunobatsira kuchengetedza kuwanikwa kwechikafu munzvimbo dzekumaruwa.
2. Kubudirira Kwenharaunda: Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwevhu nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda, kurima miti kunogadzira mabasa nemikana yebhizinesi inogona kusimudzira hupfumi hwenzvimbo.
Matambudziko neTarisiro
Kunyange zvazvo mabhenefiti anowanikwa nekurima miti achikosha, matambudziko akati wandei anofanira kugadziriswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwana ivhu, kudiwa kweruzivo rwehunyanzvi, uye rutsigiro rwemitemo nemari. Dzidzo nekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwakakodzera hwekurima miti zvichave zvakakosha pakushandisa hurongwa uhwu zvakanaka pamwero mukuru.
Mune ramangwana, nekuwedzera kweruzivo rwekukosha kwekuchengetedza nharaunda uye mutoro wevanhu, kurima miti kunotarisirwa kuva mhinduro huru yekuparadza ivhu, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, uye kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu. Tsvagiridzo yakawanda uye marongero anotsigira achadiwa kuti kukurumidze kugamuchirwa nekugadzirwa kwehurongwa uhwu.
Mhedziso
Agroforestry inopa mhinduro yakabatana yekutarisira ivhu nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda ine mabhenefiti akasiyana-siyana ezvakatipoteredza, ehupfumi, uye emagariro. Kuburikidza nemienzaniso yemaitiro akadai seTaungya System, Alley Cropping, Silvopasture, uye Agrisilviculture, tinogona kuona kuti nzira iyi inogona kugadziriswa sei zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana enzvimbo. Kunyange zvazvo paine matambudziko mukushandiswa, tarisiro yenguva refu uye mabhenefiti e agroforestry zvinoita kuti ive imwe yenzira dzinovimbisa zvikuru dzeramangwana rinochengetedza nharaunda.
