Zvidzidzo zveMashandisirwo eGeophysics muArchaeology
ziviso
Kuchera matongo, kudzidza nhoroondo yevanhu nenhoroondo yekare kuburikidza nekuchera nzvimbo uye kuongorora zvinhu zvekare nezvimwe zvasara, kwakabatsira zvikuru nekufambira mberi mune matekiniki e geophysical. Nzira idzi dzinopa nzira dzisingapindiki dzekutsvaga pasi pevhu, zvichibvumira vanochera matongo kuona nekutarisa zvinhu zviri pasi pevhu pasina kuchera nekukurumidza. Kubatanidzwa kwe geophysics mukutsvagisa kwekuchera matongo kwakachinja munda uyu, zvichipa nzwisiso itsva uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzezvizvarwa zvinotevera. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha apo kushandiswa kwe geophysical kwakabatsira zvikuru mukuwana zvinhu zvekare.
Chidzidzo Chekutanga: Guta Rakarasika reUbar (Oman)
Ngano yeGuta Rakarasika reUbar, rinowanzonzi "Atlantis of the Sands," yakaramba iripo kwemazana emakore kusvika yawanikwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi20. Chirongwa chekuwana Ubar chaive chekushandira pamwe chete pachishandiswa mifananidzo yesatellite, radar inopinda pasi (GPR), uye magnetometry.
Methodology:
– Mifananidzo yeSatellite: Kuzivikanwa kwekutanga kwenzvimbo dzinogona kuwanikwa.
– Radar Inopinda Pasi (GPR): Zvisizvo zvakaonekwa pasi pevhu zvinoratidza zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa nevanhu.
– Magnetometry: Yakaratidza mamwe maumbirwo epasi pevhu anoenderana nezvinhu zvinogona kuitika pakuchera matongo.
Results:
Ruzivo rwezvepasi penyika rwakasanganiswa rwakaratidza chivakwa chikuru chekugara pasi pejecha. Kuchera kwakasimbisa kuvapo kweguta rekare rine masvingo makuru nezvinhu zvekare zvakatangira munguva yekutanga yechiIslam, nokudaro zvichisimbisa mhedzisiro yeongororo yezvepasi penyika. Nyaya iyi inoratidza kukosha kwekubatanidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvepasi penyika kuti tiwane nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo.
Chidzidzo Chechipiri: Zvinhu Zvakavanzwa zveStonehenge (United Kingdom)
Stonehenge, chimwe chezvivakwa zvekare zvakakurumbira pasi rose, chave chiri kutsvagurudzwa zvakanyanya. Asi, zvakangoitika chete kuburikidza neongororo dzepasi pevhu ichangoburwa apo zvimwe zvinhu zvakavanzika munzvimbo yakapoteredza Stonehenge zvakaonekwa.
Methodology:
– Kupinza Magetsi: Kunoshandiswa kuyera kusiyana kwesimba remhepo muvhu.
– Magnetometry: Kuzivikanwa kwekusarongeka kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvekuchera matongo.
– Radar Inopinda Pasi (GPR): Inopa mifananidzo yepamusoro-soro yezvimiro zvepasi pevhu.
Results:
Maitiro aya akaburitsa pachena zvinhu zvakawanda zvaisazivikanwa kare, zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvivakwa zvehenge, mirwi yekuviga, uye network yemakomba aishandiswa pamhemberero. Kuwanikwa uku kwakakura zvakanyanya kunzwisisa kwenzvimbo yeStonehenge, zvichiratidza kuti yaive chikamu chenzvimbo yakakura uye yakaoma yetsika.
Chidzidzo Chechitatu: Pompeii (Italy)
Pompeii, guta reRoma rakakurumbira rakaparadzwa nekuputika kweGomo reVesuvius muna AD 79, rakadzidzwa zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, mashandisirwo azvino enzira dze geophysics akaburitsa ruzivo rutsva nezvemarongerwo eguta racho nezvivakwa zvaro zvakavigwa.
Methodology:
– Magetsi Ekudzivirira Kusvibiswa Kwevhu (ERT): Kusiyanisa kwakaratidzwa kwekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwevhu, kunoratidza madziro akavigwa uye maburi asina chinhu.
– Magnetometry: Yakaratidza kuvapo kwenheyo dzekuvaka nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoumba vanhu.
– GPR: Inopa ruzivo nezvekudzika uye kukura kwezvivakwa zviri pasi pevhu.
Results:
Maitiro aya akabvumira vanochera matongo kuti vagadzire mapu enzvimbo dzePompeii dzakanga dzisati dzamboongororwa, vachiwana zvivakwa zvakavanzika, migwagwa, nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Kunyanya, ERT yakaratidza imba yakakura yeRoma kunze kwemiganhu yeguta yaizivikanwa kare, zvichiwedzera kunzwisisa kwehukuru hwePompeii nekurongwa kwayo kwemaguta.
Chidzidzo Chechina: Cahokia Mounds (United States)
Cahokia Mounds, guta reAmerica risati rava Columbian riri pedyo neSt. St. Louis, Missouri, inzvimbo yakakosha yekuchera matongo. Unyanzvi hwe geophysics hwakaita basa guru mukuwana chivakwa cheguta pasina kuchera kwakakura.
Methodology:
– Magnetometry: Inoshandiswa kugadzira mapu enzvimbo huru dzemhemberero nenzvimbo dzekugara.
- Kudzivirira Kwemagetsi: Inopa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvekudzika uye magadzirirwo ezvimiro zvepasi pevhu.
– GPR: Zvikanganiso zvakanangana zvakanangana kuti zviongororwe zvakadzama.
Results:
Magnetometry yakajekesa hukuru uye marongerwo enzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dziri muCahokia, kusanganisira zvivakwa zvakawanda zvakavigwa uye network yakakura yemigwagwa yekare. Ongororo dzemagetsi dzakapa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwezvikomo zvemakuva nezvivakwa zvikuru zvevhu. GPR yakabatsira mukuona zvinhu zvemumba nezvivakwa zvidiki zvemhemberero, zvichibvumira vanochera matongo kuwana ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemaumbirwo eCahokia ezvematongerwo enyika.
Chidzidzo Chechishanu: Petra (Jordan)
Petra, guta rekare reNabatean rakavezwa padombo dzvuku-tsvuku, rave riri nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa nevanhu vanochera matongo. Ongororo dzepasi pevhu dzichangobva kuitwa dzakaratidza zvinhu zvaisazivikanwa zveguta iri, zvichiwedzera kunzwisisa kwehukuru hwaro nekuoma kwaro.
Methodology:
- Kugadziriswa kweMafungiro: Inopa ruzivo pamusoro pekuiswa kwezvikamu zvepasi pevhu, ichiratidza zvikamu zvezvivakwa zvakavanzika.
– GPR: Kutorwa mifananidzo kwenzvimbo dzisina chinhu pasi pevhu dzinogona kunge dzakabatana nemakuva nezvimwe zvivakwa kunotenderwa.
- Kudzivirira Magetsi: Yakapa ruzivo rwekudzika uye kukura kwemigero yemvura yakavigwa uye nheyo dzekuvaka.
Results:
Nzira idzi dze geophysical dzakaratidza network yakakura yehurongwa hwekuchengetedza mvura, nzvimbo dzekuviga, nenzvimbo dzekugara dzakanga dzisingamboonekwi kare. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndekuti, kunyungudika kwepasi pevhu kwakaratidza zvivakwa zvakaoma zvepasi pevhu zveCity Center, nepo GPR uye resistivity yemagetsi zvakaratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwezvivakwa zvakavanzika zvePetra.
mhedziso
Kubatanidzwa kwe geophysics mu archaeology kwakachinja kugona kwekuwana nekudzidza nzvimbo dzekare. Nzira dzakadai seGPR, magnetometry, uye ERT dzinopa ruzivo rwakadzama uye rusingapindiki pamusoro pezvinhu zviri pasi pevhu, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo dzichengetedzwe ukuwo dzichibatsira kuwana zvinhu zvitsva. Zvidzidzo zveUbar, Stonehenge, Pompeii, Cahokia, nePetra zvinoratidza simba guru rekushandiswa kwe geophysical mukuratidza nhoroondo yakavigwa pasi petsoka dzedu. Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichichinja, inovimbisa mipiro yakakura mumunda we archaeology, ichivhura zvitsauko zvitsva mukunzwisisa nhaka yedu yevanhu yatinogovana.
