Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa zvinodya zvipfuyo zvinokura muIndonesia
Kurima ndiwo musimboti wehupfumi hwakawanda, kunyanya munyika dzine nzvimbo dzakakura dzekumaruwa uye vanhu vakawanda vanorima seIndonesia. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakurima kurima zvipfuyo, uye kubudirira kweindasitiri iyi kunoenderana zvikuru nekuwanikwa kwechikafu chezvipfuyo uye mhando yacho. Indonesia, ine zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana uye mamiriro ekunze ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa, ine zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinoshanda senzvimbo dzakanaka dzekudya zvipfuyo. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora mamwe marudzi anozivikanwa ezvirimwa zvechikafu chezvipfuyo ari kukura muIndonesia.
1. Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
Huswa hweNapier hunozivikanwa sehuswa hwenzou, hunogara kwenguva refu huchikura muIndonesia. Hunokura nekukurumidza uye hunogona kusvika mamita matatu pakureba. Huswa hweNapier hunofarirwa nekuda kwekubereka kwahwo kwakanyanya uye kukosha kwahwo kunovaka muviri, zvichiita kuti huve chikafu chakanaka chemombe, mbudzi, nemakwai. Hune mapuroteni akawanda, simba, uye zvicherwa zvakakosha, izvo zvakakosha pakukura uye hutano hwezvipfuyo. Pamusoro pezvo, huswa hweNapier hunogara kwenguva refu uye hunogona kukura zvakanaka mumamiriro akasiyana evhu nehunyoro hwakakwana.
2. Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala)
Leucaena, inozivikanwa munharaunda iyi se "Lamtoro," muti wembeu une mabhenefiti akawanda, zvese pakuchengetedza nharaunda uye pakudya. Ndiwo muti unoisa nitrogen muvhu, zvichibatsira kurima kwese. Mashizha awo, mbeu, nemapods zvine hutano hwakawanda, zvine mapuroteni akakosha anobatsira zvipfuyo. Leucaena inonyanya kukosha munguva yekusanaya kwemvura sezvo inoramba yakasvibira uye ine miti yakawanda, ichipa chikafu chakavimbika kana huswa hushoma.
3. Clover (Trifolium spp.)
Clover chimwe chirimwa chine nyemba chinowanikwa muIndonesia, uye chinoshanda sechikafu chezvipfuyo chakanakisa. Chinozivikanwa nekuva nemapuroteni akawanda uye chinonaka, zvinoreva kuti zvipfuyo zvinonyanya kufarira kuidya. Clover inobatsirawo mukuchengetedza hutano hwevhu nekugadzira nitrogen, zvichiwedzera kuorera kwenyika yainokura. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeclover, dzinosanganisira red clover (Trifolium pratense) uye white clover (Trifolium repens), dzose dzakakodzera mafuro uye dzinogona kuvandudza kudya kwemhuka dzinodya mafuro.
4. Makungwa (Makungwa maviri ane mavara maviri)
Mhunga chirimwa chine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana chinogona kurimwa sechibage, chekudya, kana chekudya chesilage. MuIndonesia, chave nemukurumbira sechikafu chezvipfuyo chinovimbika nekuda kwekusachinja-chinja mamiriro ekunze akaoma uye kukosha kwaro kwekudya kunovaka muviri. Mhunga ine makabhohaidhiretsi akawanda, zvichiita kuti ive chikafu chine simba rakawanda chinobatsira mhuka dzinogadzira mukaka nenyama. Inogona kushandiswa muchimiro chayo chose chezvirimwa kana kugadzirwa sechilage kuti ipe chikafu chinogara kwenguva refu mugore rese.
5. Chibage (Zea mays)
Chibage, kana kuti chibage, chirimwa chikuru munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi rose, kusanganisira Indonesia. Chinowanzo shandiswa sechikafu chezvipfuyo nekuda kwezviyo zvaro zvine simba. Chibage chinopa huwandu hwakawanda hwemakabhohaidhiretsi, izvo zvakakosha pakudya kwezvipfuyo, kunyanya mukugadzira nyama yemombe nemukaka. Chibage chinogadzirwa nekuvirisa chirimwa chose chechibage, isarudzo inozivikanwa yekudya sezvo ichinaka uye ine zvinovaka muviri, zvichiita kuti zvipfuyo zviwane simba rakakwana muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira.
6. Mashizha emufarinya (Manihot esculenta)
Mufarinya unorimwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemidzi yawo ine starch inoshandiswa mukudya kwevanhu asi mashizha awo zvakare ndiwo akanakisa pakudya kwezvipfuyo. Mashizha emufarinya akapfuma muprotein uye anogona kushandiswa sekuwedzera kune mamwe marudzi ekudya. Zvisinei, kungwarira kunofanirwa kuitwa nekuda kwekuvapo kwecyanogenic glycosides, iyo inogona kuva chepfu yakawanda. Kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kwakadai sekuomesa kana kubika kunogona kuderedza njodzi idzi, zvichiita kuti mashizha emufarinya ave sarudzo yakachengeteka uye ine hutano yekudya.
7. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Kunyangwe isiri yemuIndonesia, alfalfa yakaunzwa uye yakarimwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekudya hwakasiyana. Alfalfa imbeu inobereka zvakawanda ine mapuroteni, mavitamini, uye zvicherwa. Inonyanya kukosheswa nekuda kwekugona kwayo kugayiwa uye kunakirwa, izvo zvinokurudzira kudya kwakanaka uye kukura kwezvipfuyo. Alfalfa inogona kushandiswa sehupfu hwegirini, huswa, kana silage, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yekudya yakasiyana-siyana.
8. Mupunga (Oryza sativa)
Mupunga wemupunga, chimwe chezvinhu zvinobva mukugaya mupunga, chinhu chakakosha chekudya muIndonesia. Wakapfuma musimba, mapuroteni, uye mafuta acids akakosha. Mupunga wemupunga unobatsira zvikuru pakudya kwenguruve nehuku asi unogona zvakare kuiswa mukudya kwemhuka dzinodya nyama. Kugayiwa kwayo kwakanyanya uye huwandu hwezvinovaka muviri zvinoita kuti ive chinhu chinokosha pakudya, zvichibatsira kuvandudza hutano hwese uye kubereka kwezvipfuyo.
9. Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus)
Calliandra, inozivikanwawo se "Kaliandra," igwenzi rine nyemba rinorimwa zvakanyanya kuti rikurire miti zvakare uye rivandudze ivhu. Mashizha aro ane hutano hwakawanda uye anogona kushandiswa sechikafu chekuwedzera kune mhuka dzinodya mhuka dzinodya mhuka. Calliandra inobatsira zvikuru mukuvandudza huwandu hweprotein mukudya kwezvipfuyo, kunyanya munguva yekusanaya kwemvura apo dzimwe mhuka dzegirini dzinenge dzisina kudya kwakawanda. Kunze kweizvozvo, inoshanda senzvimbo yakanaka yeuchi kana ichirimwa nekuchengeta nyuchi.
10. Gliricidia (Gliricidiasepium)
Gliricidia muti wembeu une mabasa akawanda unogara munzvimbo dzinopisa dzakadai seIndonesia. Unokura nekukurumidza uye unowanzoshandiswa mukurima miti. Mashizha awo ane mapuroteni akawanda uye anoshanda sechikafu chakanaka chezvipfuyo. Gliricidia inovandudzawo kukora kwevhu kuburikidza nekuisa nitrogen, zvichiita kuti pave nekuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwechikafu chinobatsira ivhu nezvipfuyo.
mhedziso
Mamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana uye ivhu rakaorera muIndonesia zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekurima zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya zvezvipfuyo. Kubva kuhuswa hunokura nekukurumidza seNapier kusvika kune mbesa dzakapfuma seLeucaena neAlfalfa, zvirimwa izvi zvinopa zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha zvinowedzera kukura nekubereka kwezvipfuyo. Kurima kwenguva refu uye kutarisirwa kwakanaka kwezvipfuyo izvi kunoita kuti zvipfuyo zvive nehutano hwakanaka, zvichibatsira zvikuru muhupfumi hwekurima hweIndonesia.
Kunzwisisa nekushandisa zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya izvi kunogona kubatsira varimi kunatsiridza kugadzirwa kwezvipfuyo zvavo, zvichiita kuti chikafu chive chakagadzikana uye chine hutano gore rose. Sezvo kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvezvipfuyo kuri kuramba kuchikura, kukosha kwezvipfuyo zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinogara kwenguva refu kunowedzera kukosha mukutsigira mamiriro ekurima eIndonesia.
