Nhoroondo yeKuvandudzwa kweMagadzirirwo Edzimba dzemazuva ano
Magadzirirwo edzimba dzemazuva ano anokonzerwa nerwendo rurefu rwekuchinja kwemararamiro evanhu, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, uye kushandurwa kwetsika dzakanaka uye tsika dzevanhu pasi rose. Vanhu pavanofunga nezve "dzimba dzemazuva ano," vanowanzo fungidzira maumbirwo akareruka, mitsetse yakachena, nzvimbo dzakashama, kushongedzwa kushoma, uye chiedza chechisikigo chakanyanya. Zvisinei, pfungwa yemazuva ano mukuvaka dzimba haina kubuda pachena. Yakabva mumatambudziko enhoroondo: kubva mukuchinja kwemaindasitiri, kusvika pakutsoropodzwa kwemaitiro enhoroondo, kusvika pakudiwa kwedzimba dzakawanda mumaguta. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora kufambira mberi kwenhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwedzimba dzemazuva ano, kubva pamidzi yadzo yekutanga kusvika pakupesvedzera kwayo pamaitiro edzimba aripo iye zvino.
1. Midzi yeMazuva Ano: Kuchinja Kwemaitiro Ekare uye Kuchinja Kwemaindasitiri
Muzana remakore rechi19, zvivakwa zvekuEurope zvaitongwa nemaitiro ekare—akadai seNeo-Classical, Neo-Gothic, uye Neo-Renaissance—ayo aitevedzera zvakanyanya maitiro ekare. Panguva iyi, shanduko yeindasitiri yakaunza shanduko huru: kukwira kwemafekitori, kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta, uye kuunzwa kwezvinhu zvakaita sesimbi, girazi, nekongiri yakasimbiswa. Dzimba dzemumaguta dzakatanga kutarisana nematambudziko matsva: ivhu diki, kudiwa kwehutsanana, uye kudiwa kwekushanda zvakanaka.
Chizvino-zvino chakabuda semhinduro yezvinhu zviviri: kuzara nekushongedza kwakanyanya uye chishuwo chekushandisa tekinoroji yeindasitiri nekuvimbika. Vafungi nevagadziri vezvivakwa vakatanga kubvunza kuti: mafomu ekuvaka anofanira kuramba achitevedzera zvakapfuura here, kana kuti anofanira kuratidza nguva itsva nemabasa?
2. Hunyanzvi nemabasa emaoko uye Kutanga kweKuziva "Basa" muDzimba
Kuvandudzwa kwemagadzirirwo edzimba dzemazuva ano kwakapesvedzerwawo nesangano reArts and Crafts muEngland (kupera kwezana remakore rechi19), rakatangwa nevanhu vakaita saWilliam Morris. Sangano iri rakaramba migumisiro yakaipa yekukura kwemaindasitiri, iyo yaionekwa sekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvakawanda zvisina kunaka uye hunyanzvi. Mumamiriro ekugara, Arts and Crafts yakasimbisa kuvimbika kwezvinhu, huwandu hwakanaka, ruzivo rwakareruka, uye hukama hweimba nebindu.
Kunyange zvazvo zvichiri zvechinyakare, Arts and Crafts zvakava zambuko rinokosha kune zvemazuva ano nekuti zvakachinja pfungwa pamhando yenzvimbo, kushanda kwayo, uye ruzivo rwemugari—pane kungoshongedza chete.
3. Frank Lloyd Wright nepfungwa ye "Organic Home"
MuUnited States, Frank Lloyd Wright akaita basa guru mukushanduka kwedzimba dzemazuva ano nemabasa ake e "Prairie House" pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Wright akaramba dzimba dzerudzi rweEurope, dzaakaona sedzisina kukodzera nzvimbo yeAmerica. Akagadzira dzimba dzine mitsetse yakatambanuka, matenga akaderera, nzvimbo dzakabatana, uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvechisikigo.
Pfungwa yaWright yekuvaka zvinhu zvakasikwa yakasimbisa kuti imba inofanira kusanganiswa nemamiriro ayo, kupindura mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo iyoyo, uye kutsigira mararamiro evagari. Iyi nheyo yakazova hwaro hwakakosha hwekugadzira dzimba dzemazuva ano, kunyanya maererano nekubatana pakati penzvimbo dzemukati nedzekunze uye kushandiswa kwechiedza nemhepo inofefetera.
4. Bauhaus: Kugadzirisa, Kureruka, uye Runako rweMuchina
Munenge mugore ra1919, chikoro chekugadzira cheBauhaus muGermany (chakatangwa naWalter Gropius) chakasimbisa pfungwa yekuti dhizaini inofanira kubatanidzwa netekinoroji yemazuva ano uye kugadzirwa. Bauhaus yakadzidzisa misimboti inotevera: chimiro chinotevera mashandiro, kushongedzwa kunoderedzwa, uye dhizaini inofanira kukwanisa kugadzirwa zvinobudirira.
Mukugadzira dzimba, simba reBauhaus rinoonekwa muzvimiro zviri nyore zvejometri, madziro akachena, mahwindo akafara, mapurani epasi anoshanda, uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemazuva ano. Imba yemazuva ano haichanzwisiswi sechiratidzo chenzvimbo kuburikidza nekushongedza, asi semuchina wekugara une musoro, une hutano, uye unoshanda.
5. Maitiro Epasi Rose uye Kupararira Kwedzimba dzemazuva ano Kunyika Yose
Mumakore ekuma1920 nekuma1930, tsika dzemazuva ano dzakakura dzikava tsika dzepasi rose kuburikidza nekuratidzira nemabhuku. Vanhu vakakosha vakaita saLe Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, naGropius vakakurudzira pfungwa yeimba yemazuva ano isina zvakawanda, yakarongeka zvakajeka, uye "yakasikwa" pasi rose.
Le Corbusier akatanga nheyo dzakadai sepilotis (makoramu anotsigira), marongero ehurongwa hwakasununguka, madziro emadziro akasununguka, mahwindo marefu, uye matenga ebindu. Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvese izvi zvakashandiswa kudzimba dzakajairika, pfungwa dzake dzakapesvedzera mitemo mitsva: dzimba dzakagadzirwa dzichifunga nezvepfungwa dzekuvaka, chiedza, kutenderera kwemhepo, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo.
Simba reInternational Style rakapararira kuAsia, Latin America, nenyika dzichiri kusimukira, kunyanya mushure meHondo Yenyika II apo kudiwa kwedzimba kwakawedzera nekukurumidza.
6. Mushure meHondo Yenyika II: Kuchinja Kwedzimba Dzevanhu Vakawanda uye Mararamiro
Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, nyika dzakawanda dzakatarisana nedambudziko redzimba. Kuchinja-chinja kwedzimba kwakaonekwa semhinduro nekuti kwakakurudzira kugadzirwa nekukurumidza, kugadziriswa kwemitengo, uye kudzikira kwemitengo. MuAmerica, nzvimbo dziri mumaguta dzakagadzirwa nedzimba dziri nyore asi dzinoshanda. MuEurope, kuvaka dzimba dzevanhu vose kwakawedzera, uye misimboti yemazuva ano yakashandiswa kugamuchira huwandu hwevanhu vari kuramba vachikura mumaguta.
Munguva iyi, dhizaini yedzimba dzemazuva ano yakawedzera kubatana nemararamiro matsva: mhuri dzemhando yepamusoro, kufamba kwakawanda, makicheni anoshanda uye makamuri ekutandarira, uye kudiwa kwenzvimbo dzinochinjika dzekugara pamwe chete. Pfungwa yehurongwa hwakavhurika yakawedzera kufarirwa, zvichibvumira kutaurirana kwemhuri uye zvichiita kuti imba inzwe yakakura.
7. Kutsoropodzwa kweChizvino-zvino uye Kubuda kwePostmodernism
Mumakore ekuma1960-1980, tsika dzemazuva ano dzakatsoropodzwa nekuda kwekuva dzakaenzana zvakanyanya, dzisina kutonhora, uye dzisingateereri mamiriro enzvimbo nenhoroondo. Nzira dzemazuva ano dzakabuda, dzichitangazve zviratidzo, mavara, kusetsa, uye nhoroondo yezvivakwa. Muzvivakwa zvekugara, tsika dzemazuva ano dzakazviratidza muchimiro chinoratidza zviri nani, mativi anotamba, uye zvinhu zvekushongedza zvine ushingi.
Zvisinei, magariro emazuva ano haana kupera zvachose. Vavaki vakawanda vari kusanganisa misimboti yemazuva ano—yakadai sekushanda, kuvhurika kwenzvimbo, uye kuvimbika kwezvinhu—nenzira iri nyore kunzwisisa.
8. Minimalism, High-Tech, uye Modern: Kutarisa Kutsva Kwemazuva Ano
Mukati mekupera kwezana remakore rechi20 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, dhizaini yedzimba dzemazuva ano yakashanduka kuita mapazi akasiyana-siyana. Kusachinja-chinja kwakatanga, kunyanya kuchinjwa nerunako rwechiJapan: nzvimbo dzakachena, mavara asina kuvharika, zvinhu zvakachena, uye chiedza chakapfava. Dzimba dzinochinja-chinja dzinosimbisa kunaka kwenzvimbo, runyararo rwekuona, uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Kune rumwe rutivi, dhizaini yeHigh-Tech yakabuda, iyo yaisimbisa zvivakwa zvehunyanzvi nezvinhu zvakaita semafuremu esimbi, mapaneru makuru egirazi, uye tekinoroji yekuvaka. Muzvivakwa zvekugara, tekinoroji yepamusoro inowanzo shandiswa kudzimba dzeumbozha kana dzimba dzekuedza dzinoratidza zvinhu zvitsva uye masisitimu ekuvaka.
Izwi rekuti "mazuva ano" rinowanzoshandiswa kudzimba dzemazuva ano, idzo mukuita kwadzo dzinosanganisa: mafomu emazuva ano akareruka, magariro echisikigo, uye kuchinjika kumamiriro ekunze netsika dzemunharaunda.
9. Kugadzira Dzimba Dzazvino Munguva Yekuchengetedza Ruzivo
Nhasi uno, budiriro mukugadzirwa kwedzimba dzemazuva ano dziri kuramba dzichikanganiswa nenyaya dzekuchengetedza nguva uye kushandiswa zvakanaka kwesimba remagetsi. Dzimba dzemazuva ano hadzisisiri dzekungotarisa chitarisiko chisina kusimba, asiwo dzekushanda zvakanaka: kupinza mhepo mukati, kutarisisa zvivakwa kuti zvideredze kupisa, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingakuvadzi nharaunda, uye kubatanidzwa kwema solar panels.
Pfungwa dzakagadzirwa dzinosanganisira:
- Dhizaini isingashande: inowedzera nyaradzo yekupisa pasina simba rakawanda rekugadzira.
– Zvivako zvegirini: kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoburitsa utsi hushoma, kutarisira mvura inonaya, uye nzvimbo dzinobereka michero.
– Musha wakangwara: otomatiki yemwenje, kuchengetedzeka, uye kudzora tembiricha kuti zvishande zvakanaka uye zvinyaradze.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu enyika inodziya yakaita seIndonesia, kuva nemazuva ano zvinorevawo kugona kwemba kuchinjika nemamiriro ekunze: maburi akakwana, denga rinoshanda, maburi emvura inonaya, uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvisingapindi mvura.
10. Kesimpulan
Nhoroondo yemagadzirirwo edzimba dzemazuva ano inyaya yekuchinja kwenguva: kubva pakuchinja kwezvinhu kusvika pakushongedza kwenhoroondo, kusvika pakushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeindasitiri, kusvika pakubuda kwepfungwa ye "basa," kusvika pakudiwa kwedzimba dzakawanda uye kugadzikana. Mifananidzo nemafambiro akaita seArts and Crafts, Frank Lloyd Wright, Bauhaus, International Style, kusvika kuminimalism uye green architecture zvakaumba tsananguro inogara ichichinja yemazuva ano.
Pakupedzisira, imba yemazuva ano inopfuura kungoonekwa chete. Inzira yekufunga—nezvekushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo, kugadzikana kwevanogara, kutendeseka kwezvinhu, uye kukwanisa kuchinjika kune zvinodiwa nenharaunda uye zvemagariro evanhu. Nokudaro, dhizaini yeimba yemazuva ano icharamba ichichinja kuti isangane nematambudziko matsva nemikana yeramangwana.
