Kuongorora Kushanda Kwekuvaka Kwegirinhi
Kuziva kuri kuwedzera nezvenyaya dzezvakatipoteredza uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kwakaita kuti mapato mazhinji atange kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana mukutarisira kuvaka nekuvaka. Pfungwa yezvivakwa zvegirini, inowanzonzi "zvivakwa zvegirini," yave mhinduro inoonekwa seinoshanda mukuderedza kukanganisa kwakaipa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kugadzirisa mashandiro esimba nezviwanikwa. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuongorora mashandiro ezvivakwa zvegirini kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti pfungwa idzi dzinopa mabhenefiti akatarisirwa.
Chii chinonzi Green Building?
Chivako chine ruvara rwegirinhi ichivakwa kana chivakwa chinoderedza kana kubvisa kukanganisa kwakashata nharaunda yechisikigo nevanhu. Zvivako zvine ruvara rwegirinhi zvakagadzirwa zvichitarisa zvinhu zvakati wandei, zvakaita sekushandisa simba zvakanaka, kushandiswa kwemvura, mhepo yemukati, uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisina njodzi kunharaunda. Chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru zvekuvaka chivakwa chine ruvara rwegirinhi kugadzira nzvimbo dzakanaka uye dzakanaka kune vanogaramo uku vachideredza njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza.
Maitiro Ekuongorora Maitiro Ekuvaka Zvivakwa Zvakasvibira
Kuti tiongorore mashandiro ezvivakwa zvakasvibira, pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kushandiswa, zvinosanganisira:
1. Kushanda Nesimba Nemvura Zvakanaka
Kuderedza simba remagetsi nemvura chiratidzo chikuru chekubudirira kwezvivakwa zvegirini. Kushandiswa kwemarambi echisikigo, kuisa ma solar panel, uye masisitimu ekudzokorodza mvura inongova mimwe mienzaniso yematekinoroji ari kushandiswa.
2. Hunhu hweMhepo Yemukati
Hunhu hwemhepo yemumba hunokanganisa zvakanyanya hutano nekunyaradzwa kwevanogara mairi. Kufamba zvakanaka kwemhepo, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka zvisingaburitse zvinhu zvinokachidza, uye kuvapo kweminda yemumba kunogona kuvandudza hunhu hwemhepo.
3. Kushandisa Zvinhu Zvisingakuvadzi Nharaunda
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka zvisingakuvadzi nharaunda zvakaita sezvinhu zvakadzokororwa, matanda ane magwaro epamutemo, nezvinhu zvemuno zvisingakuvadzi nharaunda ndeimwe yezviratidzo zvikuru pakuongorora zvivakwa zvakasvibira.
4. Kutarisirwa Kwenzvimbo Yepasi
Zvivako zvakasvibira zvinofanira kushandisa ivhu zvakanaka uye kwete kukanganisa nharaunda yakapoteredza. Matenga akasvibira, minda yakatwasuka, nenzvimbo dzakashama dzakasvibirira mienzaniso yeizvi.
5. Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kugadzira
Kugadzira tekinoroji uye dhizaini yezvivakwa zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinopa mukana wekuti vashandisi vagadzikane zvakanyanya zvinhu zvakakosha pakuongorora zvivakwa zvakasvibira.
6. Kutarisira Marara
Kuderedza, kushandisazve, uye kudzokorodza zvinhu panguva yekuvaka nekushanda kwezvivakwa zvinhu zvakakosha pakuongorora mashandiro ezvivakwa zvine girini.
Nzira Yekuongorora Mashandiro Ekuvaka Zvivakwa Zvakasvibira
Kuongororwa kwekushanda kwezvivakwa zvakasvibira kunogona kuitwa uchishandisa nzira dzinotevera:
1. LEED (Hutungamiriri muSimba neKugadzira Zvakatipoteredza)
Sisitimu iyi yekupa zvitupa, yakagadzirwa neUnited States Green Building Council (USGBC), inoongorora zvivakwa ichishandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzinosanganisira kushandiswa zvakanaka kwesimba, kushandiswa kwemvura, mhando yemhepo, nezvimwewo. Chitupa cheLEED chine mazinga akasiyana-siyana, kubva paChitupa, Sirivha, Goridhe, kusvika kuPlatinum.
2. BREEAM (Nzira yekuongorora zvakatipoteredza yekuvaka tsvakurudzo)
Imwe yenzira dzekare dzekuongorora zvivakwa zvakasvibira, BREEAM certification inoongororawo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira hutano hwevagari, kusvibiswa, kutakurwa kwezvinhu, nezvinhu.
3. KUGARA KWEMAHARA
Chitupa ichi chakagadzirwa muIndonesia neGreen Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), uye ndicho chinonyanya kukosha pakuongorora zvivakwa zvakasvibira muIndonesia. GREENSHIP inotarisawo tsika dzemunharaunda uye nharaunda mukuongorora kwayo.
4. Nyeredzi yeSimba
Chitupa ichi chinotarisa pakushandisa simba zvakanaka uye chakakodzera zvivakwa zvemabhizinesi nemaindasitiri. Chirongwa ichi chakatangwa neUnited States EPA neDOE.
5. EDGE (Kugona Kwazvo Mukugadzira Kuti Ubudirire)
Yakagadziriswa neIFC (International Finance Corporation), EDGE inzira yekubvumidza kuti zvinhu zvishande zvakanaka muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: simba, mvura, nezvinhu.
Mienzaniso yeChidzidzo cheZvivako zveGreen Building
Zvidzidzo zvezvivakwa zvegirinhi zvinogona kupa mufananidzo wakajeka wekuti pfungwa iyi ingashandiswa sei mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Imwe nyaya inonakidza ndeyeThe Edge, chivako chemahofisi muAmsterdam, Netherlands, chinoshandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro kuti chiwane simba rakawanda.
Yakagadzirwa nePLP Architecture, The Edge yakagamuchira chitupa cheOutstanding BREEAM. Chivako ichi chinoshandisa chiedza chechisikigo zvakanyanya, chine atrium hombe inobvumira chiedza chezuva kupinda. Uyezve, The Edge ine ma solar panels anosangana nezvinodiwa nemagetsi zvechivako, pamwe chete nesystem inoshanda yekutarisira mvura.
MuIndonesia, BCA Tower, iri pakati pebhizinesi muJakarta, muenzaniso wakanaka wemabasa ekuvaka akasvibirira. Chivako ichi chawana chitupa cheGREENSHIP Gold uye chinozivikanwa nehurongwa hwayo hwekutarisira simba zvakanaka uye kuchengetedza mvura. BCA Tower ine denga rakasvibirira nemagadheni akamira, izvo zvinosimudzira runako rwayo chete asiwo zvinobatsira kuderedza tembiricha yekunze.
Matambudziko nemikana
Pane matambudziko akati wandei mukuita nekuongorora mashandiro ezvivakwa zvegirini. Mari yepamusoro yekutanga inowanzova chipingamupinyi chikuru, kunyangwe zvichigona kuchengetedza mari yekushandisa kwenguva refu. Uyezve, kusaziva neruzivo nezvezvivakwa zvegirini pakati peveruzhinji nevanovaka dzimba idambudzikowo.
Zvisinei, nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kuziva kuri kuwedzera kukosha kwekuchengetedza nharaunda, mikana yekuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvivakwa zvegirini iri kuramba ichivhurika. Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwezvinhu zvekuvaka, simba rinodzokororwa, uye kushandurwa kwedhijitari muhurongwa hwekutarisira zvivakwa zvinhu zvikuru zvinogona kutungamira kufambiswa kukuru kwezvivakwa zvegirini.
Mhedziso
Kuongorora mashandiro ezvivakwa zvakasvibira idanho rakakosha mukuona kuti budiriro haingotarise chete pahupfumi asiwo pamativi ezvakatipoteredza nemagariro evanhu. Nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora uye zvidzidzo zvemuenzaniso zviripo, tinogona kudzidza nekushandisa nzira dzakanakisisa mukuvandudza zvivakwa zvakasvibira. Kunyange zvazvo paine matambudziko, mikana nemabhenefiti enguva refu zvinoita kuti pfungwa iyi iwedzere kukosha uye ive yakakosha kuti ishandiswe.
Kuchinja kwezvivakwa zvinochengetedza nharaunda idanho guru mukubatsira kwedu mukuwana ramangwana rakagadzikana uye rakasununguka kune wese munhu.
