Ntchito ya Transformer Polamulira Voltage ya Turbine ya Mphepo
Ma turbine a mphepo amadziwika kuti ndi ukadaulo wa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso womwe ukusintha mofulumira chifukwa amatha kusintha mphamvu ya mphepo kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi popanda kutulutsa mpweya woipa mwachindunji. Komabe, magetsi opangidwa ndi ma turbine a mphepo sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi mabanja, mafakitale, kapena kugawidwa ku gridi. Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe chimapangitsa magetsi ochokera ku ma turbine a mphepo kukhala "okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito" ndi transformer. Ntchito yayikulu ya transformer ndikuwongolera magetsi, kusintha kuchuluka kwa magetsi kuti aperekedwe bwino, ndikusunga mtundu ndi kukhazikika kwa mphamvu yotumizira kuchokera ku makina a turbine ya mphepo kupita ku katundu kapena gridi.
Makhalidwe a Voltage mu Ma Turbine a Mphepo
Musanamvetse ntchito ya ma transformer, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mtundu wa magetsi opangidwa ndi ma turbine amphepo. Ma turbine amphepo amapanga magetsi kudzera mu jenereta yolumikizidwa ku propeller shaft. Liwiro lozungulira la turbine limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa liwiro la mphepo, kotero mphamvu yamagetsi ndi ma frequency a jenereta zimatha kusinthasintha, makamaka m'ma turbine amphepo osinthasintha.
Mu makina ambiri amakono amagetsi amphepo, magetsi opangidwa ndi jenereta sagawidwa mwachindunji ngati alternating current (AC) yokhazikika ku gridi, koma kudzera m'mabwalo amagetsi amphamvu monga ma rectifier, ma inverter, ndi owongolera. Komabe, pambuyo pa kusintha, magetsi amafunikabe kusintha kwa magetsi kuti agwirizane ndi makina ogawa magetsi am'deralo. Apa ndi pomwe ma transformer amakhala ofunikira kwambiri pakulamulira kuchuluka kwa magetsi kuti atsimikizire kuti gridi ikugwirizana.
Kumvetsetsa ndi Kugwira Ntchito kwa Ma Transformers
Transformer ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chosasinthasintha chomwe chimagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo ya electromagnetic induction kuti chiwonjezere (kukwera mmwamba) kapena kuchepetsa (kutsika-pansi) magetsi a AC. Transformer imakhala ndi coil yoyamba ndi yachiwiri yozungulira pakati pa chitsulo. Pamene mphamvu ya AC ikuyenda kudzera mu coil yoyamba, mphamvu ya maginito yosintha imayambitsa magetsi mu coil yachiwiri. Chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa ma turns chimatsimikizira ngati magetsi akuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa.
Mu makina a ma turbine a mphepo, ma transformer nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma transformer owonjezera mphamvu, chifukwa magetsi ochokera ku ma jenereta nthawi zambiri amakhala pamlingo wapakati kapena wotsika wa voltage, pomwe kutumiza kwakutali kumakhala kogwira mtima kwambiri pamagetsi okwera.
Ntchito Yaikulu ya Transformer mu Wind Turbine System
1. Sinthani Voltage Kuti Igwirizane ndi Gridi Yamagetsi
Chimodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za transformer ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya turbine ya mphepo ikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya gridi. Ma turbine a mphepo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amapanga mphamvu kuyambira ma volt mazana ambiri mpaka ma kilovolt angapo. Pakadali pano, ma network ogawa ndi kutumiza magetsi amagwira ntchito pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi, monga 20 kV, 33 kV, 70 kV, kapena kupitirira apo, kutengera dongosolo lamagetsi la dzikolo.
Mwa kuwonjezera mphamvu ya magetsi, ma transformer amalola mphamvu yochokera ku ma turbine a mphepo kusamutsidwira ku gridi popanda kuyambitsa mphamvu zambiri. Popanda kuwonjezera mphamvu ya magetsi, mphamvu ya magetsi ya mphamvu yomweyo ingakhale yokwera kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kutayika kwakukulu.
2. Kuchepetsa Kutayika kwa Mphamvu mu Kutumiza
Mu makina amagetsi, kutayika kwa mphamvu mu zingwe nthawi zambiri kumakhudzidwa ndi kuyenda kwa mphamvu ndi kukana kwa kondakitala. Kutayika kwa mphamvu kumeneku kumafotokozedwa ndi fomula ya I²R, kutanthauza kuti mphamvu ikakhala yayikulu, kutayika kwa mphamvu kumasanduka kutentha kwambiri.
Ma transformer amathandiza kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi powonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikawonjezeka, mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kuchepetsedwa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikhale yofanana. Zotsatira zake, kutayika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumachepa kwambiri, zingwe zimasungidwa zofunda, ndipo mphamvu yotumizira mphamvu imawonjezeka. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri makamaka m'mafamu amphepo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo akutali ndipo amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazitali kupita ku malo olumikizirana kapena malo olumikizirana ndi gridi.
3. Imathandizira Kukhazikika kwa Ntchito ndi Ubwino wa Mphamvu
Kuwonjezera pa kukweza kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi, ma transformer nawonso amathandiza kuthandizira mphamvu yamagetsi. Ngakhale kuti kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu yamagetsi kamayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi ma inverter ndi makina owongolera, ma transformer amatha kuthandiza pakulekanitsa magetsi, kuchepetsa kusokoneza, komanso kusintha kulumikizana kwa makina (monga, mawonekedwe a nyenyezi kapena delta) kuti achepetse ma harmonics kapena kukonza nthaka.
Ma turbine amakono a mphepo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma power converter nthawi zambiri amapanga ma harmonics enaake. Kapangidwe koyenera ka transformer kangathandize kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ma harmonics ndikusunga magetsi a mbali ya grid mkati mwa malire oyenera.
4. Amapereka Kudzipatula ndi Chitetezo cha Machitidwe
Ma transformer amaperekanso galvanic lening pakati pa wind turbine ndi power grid. Kulekanitsidwa kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri pokonza chitetezo, kuteteza zida ku overvoltage, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kukwera kwa magetsi kuchokera ku mphezi kapena kuyatsa grid.
Kuteteza mphezi ndikofunikira kwambiri pa ma turbine amphepo chifukwa cha malo awo okwera kwambiri komanso malo omwe ali owonekera. Ma transformer, pamodzi ndi makina oyambira pansi ndi zida zina zotetezera, zimathandiza kuchepetsa mavuto omwe angawononge zida zobisika monga ma converter ndi zowongolera zamagetsi.
5. Zimathandiza Kugwirizanitsa Mphamvu Yaikulu ya Mphepo
M'mafamu a mphepo, mphamvu zochokera ku ma turbine ambiri zimasonkhanitsidwa mu dongosolo losonkhanitsa asanalowe mu substation. Turbine iliyonse nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi transformer yomwe imakweza voltage ya jenereta kupita ku voltage yosonkhanitsa (mwachitsanzo, 0,69 kV mpaka 33 kV). Kenako substation imakweza voltage kwambiri kuti iperekedwe kutali.
Popanda ma transformer, kuphatikiza ma megawatts mazana ambiri ochokera ku mafamu amphepo sikungakhale kothandiza komanso kungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kutayika kwa magetsi komanso kusakhazikika kwa gridi.
Mitundu Yodziwika ya Osintha mu Ma Turbine a Mphepo
Transformer yomwe ili pa turbine ya mphepo ikhoza kupezeka m'malo angapo, kutengera kapangidwe ka turbine. Mu mitundu ina, transformer imakhala mkati mwa nacelle (nyumba ya turbine pamwamba pa nsanja) kuti ichepetse kutalika kwa zingwe zamagetsi otsika. Komabe, mapangidwe ambiri amaiyika pansi pa nsanja kapena mu unit ina pafupi ndi turbine kuti ithandize kukonza ndikuchepetsa katundu pa nsanja.
Ma transformer a mphepo nthawi zambiri amakhala ma transformer ogawa omwe amazizira mafuta kapena ouma, kutengera momwe zinthu zilili komanso zofunikira pachitetezo. M'malo omwe amafunika chiopsezo chochepa cha moto, ma transformer ouma akhoza kukhala njira ina, pomwe m'malo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ma transformer oziziritsidwa ndi mafuta nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa chifukwa chotulutsa kutentha bwino.
Vuto: Kusinthasintha kwa Mphepo ndi Mmene Zimakhudzira Mphamvu ya Magetsi
Popeza mphepo siisinthasintha, mphamvu ya turbine ya mphepo imasintha nthawi zambiri. Dongosolo lowongolera turbine, chosinthira, ndi chosinthira ziyenera kukhala zokhoza kugwira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yosinthasintha ya katundu. Ma transformer adapangidwa kuti azikhala okhazikika pansi pa kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi magetsi, kuphatikizapo kukhala okhoza kuthana ndi kukwera kwadzidzidzi panthawi ya kusintha kwa liwiro la mphepo kapena pamene turbine ikuyamba ndi kuyima.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma transformer ayenera kupangidwa kuti athe kupirira nyengo monga chinyezi chambiri, chifunga cha mchere (cha ma turbine akunja), kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, ndi kugwedezeka. Zinthu zonsezi zimakhudza nthawi yogwira ntchito ya transformer komanso kudalirika kwa kutumiza mphamvu.
Mapeto
Ma transformer amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu makina a ma turbine amphepo, makamaka powongolera ndikusintha magetsi kuti magetsi opangidwa athe kugawidwa bwino komanso mosamala ku gridi yamagetsi. Ntchito zawo zazikulu zikuphatikizapo kuwonjezera magetsi kuti achepetse kutayika kwa ma transmission, kukonza kugwirizanitsa ma gridi, kuthandizira mphamvu yamagetsi, kupereka kudzipatula ndi chitetezo, komanso kulola kuti ma turbine amphepo azigwira ntchito limodzi. Popanda ma transformer, kutumiza mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku ma turbine amphepo kukanakhala kovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pa mphamvu yamphepo ndi makina amagetsi amakono.
Ngati mukufuna, nditha kuwonjezera chithunzi cha kayendedwe ka makina (jenereta-chosinthira-chosinthira-gridi) kapena kukulitsa kukambirana za kusiyana pakati pa ma transformer mu ma turbine akunja ndi akunja.
