Mfundo ya ntchito ndi mphamvu Mphamvu yosasintha Kuyenda pa ndege yopendekeka ndi kukangana - Mavuto ndi Mayankho

2 Mfundo ya ntchito ndi mphamvu Mphamvu yosasintha Kuyenda pa ndege yopendekeka ndi kukangana - Mavuto ndi Mayankho

1. Chipika chimatsika pansi pa malo opendekera ndi kukangana. Kodi liwiro la chipikacho ndi lotani pamene chipikacho chikugunda pansi? Chiŵerengero cha kukangana kwa kinetic ndi 0.4. Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka ndi 10 m/s ².

Zodziwika:

Kutalika koyambirira (h)_o) = 6 m Mfundo ya mphamvu yogwira ntchito, mphamvu yosasintha, kuyenda mozungulira mopingasa ndi kukangana - mavuto ndi mayankho 1

Kutalika komaliza (h _t ) = 0 m

Liwiro loyambirira (v _o ) = 0 (block poyamba ili pamalo opumulira)

Koyefifiti ya kukangana kwa kinetic (μ _k ) = 0.4

Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = 10 ms ^-2

cos θ = adj/hyp = 8/10

Gawo loyima la kulemera = w _y = w cos θ = mg cos θ = m (10)(8/10) = m (10)(4/5) = m (40/5) = 8 m

Mphamvu yachibadwa = N = w _y = 8 m

Mphamvu ya kukangana kwa kinetic = f _k = μ _k N = μ _k w _y = (0.4)(8 m) = 3.2 m

Akufuna: Liwiro lomaliza (v _t )

Yankho:

Mfundo ya mphamvu ya ntchito ndi makina imati ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu zosasintha zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa chinthu ndi yofanana ndi kusintha konse kwa mphamvu za kinetic ndi potential.

W_nc = ΔEM Mfundo ya mphamvu yogwira ntchito, mphamvu yosasintha, kuyenda mozungulira mopingasa ndi kukangana - mavuto ndi mayankho 2

W _nc = ΔEK + ΔEP

W _nc = Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yosasintha, Δ EM = Kusintha kwa mphamvu yamakina , Δ EK = Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kinetic, Δ EP = Kusintha kwa mphamvu yomwe ingatheke.

Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kinetic :

ΔEK = 1/2 m (v _t² – v _o² ) = 1/2 m (v _t² – 0) = 1/2 mv _t²

Kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke :

ΔEP = mg (h _t – ho ₎ = m (10)(0-6) = m (10)(-6) = – 60 m

Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu ya kinetic friction:

W _nc = – f _ks = – (3.2 m)(10) = – 32 m

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu ya kinetic friction pa block ndi yoipa.

Dziwani liwiro lomaliza (v _t ):

W _nc = ΔEK + ΔEP

- 32 m = 1/2 mv _t² - 60 m

– 32 m = m (1/2 v _t² – 60)

– 32 = 1/2 v _t² – 60

– 32 + 60 = 1/2 v _t²

28 = 1/2 v _t²

2 (28) = v _t²

56 = v _t²

v _t = √4.14

v _t = 2√14 ms ^-1

Chipika chimatsika pansi pamalo opendekeka ndi kukangana. Liwiro lomaliza la chipikacho likafika pansi ndi 10 m/s ² . Ngati mphamvu ya kukangana ndi 2 N ndipo kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka ndi 10 m/s ² . Kodi kutalika kwa h ndi kotani?

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa chipika (m) = 1 kg Mfundo ya mphamvu yogwira ntchito, mphamvu yosasintha, kuyenda mozungulira mopingasa ndi kukangana - mavuto ndi mayankho 3

Liwiro loyambirira (v _o ) = 0 (block poyamba ili pamalo opumulira)

Liwiro lomaliza (v _t ) = 10 ms ^-1

Kutalika koyambirira (h₂o₂ ₎ = h

Kutalika komaliza (h _t ) = 0

Mphamvu ya kukangana kwa kinetic (f _k ) = 2 N

Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = 10 ms ^-2

Kufunidwa: Kutalika (h)

Yankho:

Ntchitoyi imachitika ndi mphamvu ya kinetic friction:

W _nc = – f _k d = – (2)(15) = – 30

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu ya kinetic friction pa block ndi yoipa.

Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kinetic:

ΔEK = 1/2 m (v _t² – v _o² ) = 1/2 (1) (10 ² – 0) = 1/2 (10 ² ) = 1/2 (100) = 50

Kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke:

ΔEP = mg (h _t – ho ₎ = (1)(10)(0-h) = (10)(-h) = -10 h

Kuyerekeza kwa mfundo ya mphamvu ya ntchito ndi makina:

W _nc = ΔEK + ΔEP

– 30 = 50 – 10 maola

Maola 10 = 50 + 30

Maola 10 = 80

h = 80/10

h = mamita 8

Kodi mfundo ya mphamvu ndi ntchito ndi iti?
- Yankho: Mfundo ya ntchito ndi mphamvu imati ntchito yochitidwa pa chinthu ndi yofanana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yake ya kinetic. $W = Δ K E$ , kumene $W$ ntchito yatha ndipo $Δ K E$ ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kinetic.
Kodi mphamvu yosasunga malamulo imasiyana bwanji ndi mphamvu yosasunga malamulo?
- Yankho: Mphamvu yosasunga zinthu, monga kukangana, imabweretsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ya makina kuchokera ku dongosolo, nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a kutentha. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mphamvu zosunga zinthu, monga mphamvu yokoka kapena mphamvu ya masika, sizimachotsa mphamvu ya makina koma zimatha kusintha mphamvuyo pakati pa mphamvu yamphamvu ndi ya kinetic mkati mwa dongosolo.
Kodi kukangana kumakhudza bwanji ntchito yochitidwa pa chinthu chomwe chikuyenda pa ndege yopendekeka?
- Yankho: Kukangana kumagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi kayendetsedwe ka chinthucho. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kukangana kumagwira ntchito molakwika pa chinthucho, kuchepetsa mphamvu yake ya kinetic kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito yakunja yomwe ikufunika kuti isunthire pamwamba pa malo otsetsereka.
N’chifukwa chiyani mphamvu zomwe chinthu chingathe kukhala nazo sizisintha chifukwa cha mphamvu zosasintha zinthu?
- Yankho: Mphamvu zomwe zingatheke zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zosungira zinthu, ndipo kusintha kwake kumadalira malo oyamba ndi omaliza okha, osati panjira yomwe yatengedwa. Mphamvu zomwe sizisunga zinthu zitha kusintha mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka chinthu koma sizili ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke.
Kodi ngodya ya kupendekera imakhudza bwanji kayendetsedwe ka chinthu chomwe chili pamtunda wopendekera ndi kukangana?
- Yankho: Ngodya yopendekera ikakula, mphamvu yokoka yomwe imagwira ntchito motsatira ndegeyo imakulanso. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chinthucho chikhale chovuta kupumula kapena kukwera mmwamba, komanso kuti chiziyenda mofulumira pansi pa ndegeyo. Kukangana kumagwira ntchito yoletsa kuyenda kumeneku, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pamene ngodyayo ikuwonjezeka.
N’chifukwa chiyani zinthu sizithamanga kwamuyaya pamene zili patali ndi kukangana?
- Yankho: Chifukwa cha kukangana, pamene chinthucho chikuyenda, mphamvu zina zokoka zimasanduka kutentha. Pomaliza pake, mphamvu yokoka yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka yomwe ili pafupi ndi ndegeyo idzayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka, ndipo chinthucho chidzayenda ndi liwiro losalekeza kapena kupumula.
Kodi ntchito yochitidwa ndi gulu losasunga malamulo ingabwezeretsedwe?
- Yankho: Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu zosasintha nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa kukhala mitundu ya mphamvu monga kutentha, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzisintha kukhala mphamvu yothandiza yamakina. Muzochitika zambiri, mphamvu iyi imaonedwa kuti "yatayika" ku dongosolo.
Kodi nchiyani chimatsimikiza kukula kwa mphamvu yokangana pa ndege yopendekeka?
- Yankho: Mphamvu yokangana pa malo opendekeka imatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu yachibadwa (yopingasa) ndi coefficient ya kukangana pakati pa malo. Imaperekedwa ndi $f_{f r i c t i o n} = μ \times f_{n or ma l}$ , kumene $μ$ ndi coefficient ya kukangana.
Nchifukwa chiyani mphamvu yomwe ingatheke imatchedwa zero m'malo ena ofotokozera?
- Yankho: Mphamvu yothekera ndi muyeso woyerekeza. Mwa kufotokoza malo ofotokozera pomwe mphamvu yothekera ndi zero, imapereka maziko okhazikika owerengera kusintha kwa mphamvu yothekera pa malo osiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi malo ofunikirawo.
Kodi kuyenda kwa chinthu chomwe chili pa mtunda wopendekeka kungasinthe bwanji ngati palibe kukangana?

Yankho: Popanda kukangana, mphamvu yokhayo yomwe imagwira ntchito pa chinthu chomwe chili m'mphepete mwa ndegeyo ingakhale gawo la mphamvu yokoka yofanana ndi kupendekera. Zotsatira zake, chinthucho chikathamanga pansi pa ndegeyo chifukwa cha mphamvu imeneyi ndipo sichingafike pa liwiro lokhazikika pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ina yakunja ichitapo kanthu.