Ntchito yochitidwa mu njira za thermodynamics - mavuto ndi mayankho

Ntchito yochitidwa mu njira za thermodynamic - mavuto ndi mayankho

1. Mpweya woyenera umapanikizidwa kuchokera ku boma 1 kupita ku boma 2 monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa graph ili pansipa. Dziwani ntchito yomwe mpweyawo wagwira.

Anakonza

Lita imodzi = 0.001 m ³

Zodziwika: Ntchito yochitidwa mu njira za thermodynamic - mavuto ndi mayankho 1

Kupanikizika 1 (P ₁ ) = 10 kPa = 10,000 Pa = 10,000 N/m ²

Kupanikizika 2 (P ₂ ) = 20 kPa = 20,000 Pa = 20,000 N/m ²

Voliyumu 1 (V ₁ ) = malita 4 = 4 (0.001 m ³ ) = 0.004 m ³

Voliyumu 2 (V ₂ ) = malita 10 = 10 (0.001 m ³ ) = 0.010 m ³

Kufunidwa: Ntchito yochitidwa ndi gasi (W)

Yankho:

W = P (V ₂ – V ₁ ) + 1/2 (P ₂ – P ₁ )(V ₂ – V ₁ )

W = 10,000 (0.010-0.004) + 1/2 (20,000-10,000) (0.010-0.004)

W = 10,000 (0.006) + 1/2 (10,000) (0.006)

W = 10 (6) + 1/2 (10) (6)

W = 60 + 1/2 (60)

W = 60 + 30

W = 90 Joule

2. Dziwani ntchito yomwe yachitika ndi mpweya womwe ukuchitika mu abcda, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa graph pansipa.

Zodziwika:

Kupanikizika 1 (P)₁) = 1 x 10⁵ Pa = 1 x 10⁵ N / m²

Kupanikizika 2 (P ₂ ) = 3 x 10 ⁵ Pa = 3 x 10 ⁵ N/m ²

Voliyumu 1 (V ₁ ) = 2 m ³

Voliyumu 2 (V ₂ ) = 4 m ³

Akufuna: Ntchito (W)

Yankho:

Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mpweya = dera la abcd yozungulira.

W = (P ₂ – P ₁ )(V ₂ – V ₁ )

W = (3 x 10 ⁵ – 1 x 10 ⁵ )(4 – 2)

W = (2 x 10 ⁵ )(2)

W = 4 x ¹⁰⁵ Joules

W = 400,000 Joule

W = 400 kJ

3. Dziwani ntchito yomwe mpweya wa ABCA wagwira ntchito.

Zodziwika:

Kupanikizika 1 (P)₁) = 1 N/m²

Kupanikizika 2 (P ₂ ) = 7 N/m ²

Voliyumu 1 (V ₁ ) = 1 m ³

Voliyumu 2 (V ₂ ) = 5 m ³

Akufuna: Ntchito (W)

Yankho:

Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mpweya = dera la katatu ABC

W = ½ (P ₂ – P ₁ )(V ₂ – V ₁ )

W = ½ (7-1)(5-1)

W = ½ (6)(4)

W = ½ (24)

W = 12 Joule

Kodi tanthauzo la ntchito mu thermodynamics ndi chiyani?
- Yankho: Mu thermodynamics, ntchito imatanthauzidwa ngati kusamutsa mphamvu kupita kapena kuchokera ku dongosolo lomwe silikuchitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa dongosolo ndi malo ozungulira.
Kodi ntchito ikugwirizana bwanji ndi chithunzi cha pressure-volume (PV) cha thermodynamic process?
- Yankho: Mu chithunzi cha PV, ntchito yochitidwa ndi kapena pa dongosolo panthawi ya ndondomekoyi imayimiridwa ndi dera lomwe lili pansi pa curve ya ndondomekoyi. Pa njira zokhudzana ndi mpweya, ntchitoyo nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa ndi integral ya P dV, pomwe P ndi kupanikizika ndipo dV ndi kusintha kosiyana kwa voliyumu.
Kodi ntchito yotani yomwe imachitika panthawi ya isochoric process?
- Yankho: Njira ya isochoric imachitika pa voliyumu yokhazikika. Popeza palibe kusintha kwa voliyumu, ntchito yomwe yachitika panthawi ya isochoric ndi zero.
Kodi ntchito yochitidwa mu isobaric (kupanikizika kosalekeza) imasiyana bwanji ndi ntchito yochitidwa mu isothermal (kutentha kosalekeza) ya mpweya wabwino?
- Yankho: Mu expansion ya isobaric, ntchito imawerengedwa ngati $W = P \times Δ V$ , komwe P ndi kupanikizika kosalekeza komanso $Δ V$ ndi kusintha kwa voliyumu. Kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wofanana ndi kutentha, ntchito ikhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation $W = n RT ln (V ^{f/Vi})$ , pomwe n ndi chiwerengero cha ma moles, R ndiye chokhazikika cha mpweya chapadziko lonse, ndipo $V_{f}$ ndi $V_{i}$ ndi mabuku omaliza ndi oyamba, motsatana.
Kodi lamulo loyamba la thermodynamics limatanthauza chiyani pankhani ya ntchito ndi mphamvu?
- Yankho: Lamulo loyamba la thermodynamics limati kusintha kwa mphamvu yamkati mwa dongosolo ndi kofanana ndi kutentha komwe kumawonjezedwa ku dongosolo kupatula ntchito yomwe dongosololi limachita pamalo ozungulira. Limayimira mfundo yosungira mphamvu.
Pa ndondomeko yozungulira pa chithunzi cha PV, kodi dera lomwe lili mkati mwake likuyimira chiyani?
- Yankho: Pa njira yozungulira pa chithunzi cha PV, malo otsekedwawo akuyimira ntchito ya ukonde yomwe yachitika ndi kapena pa dongosololi panthawi imodzi.
Kodi ntchito yochitidwa mu njira ya adiabatic imasiyana bwanji ndi njira ya isothermal ya mpweya wabwino?
- Yankho: Mu njira ya adiabatic, palibe kusinthana kwa kutentha ndi malo ozungulira, kotero ntchito yomwe yachitika imabweretsa kusintha kwa mphamvu yamkati ya mpweya. Pa njira ya isothermal, kutentha kumakhalabe kosasintha, ndipo ntchito iliyonse yomwe yachitika imayendetsedwa ndi kutentha kofanana, kotero palibe kusintha kwa mphamvu yamkati.
N’chifukwa chiyani ntchito yochitidwa mu njira yosasinthika ingakhale yosiyana ndi njira yosinthika ngakhale kuti mikhalidwe yoyambirira ndi yomaliza ndi yofanana?
- Yankho: Mu njira yosinthika, mkhalidwe uliwonse wapakati pakati pa mikhalidwe yoyambirira ndi yomaliza umakhala wofanana. Mu njira yosasinthika, izi sizili choncho. Njira zomwe zatengedwa pa chithunzi cha PV, motero ntchito yomwe yachitika, zimatha kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya njira, ngakhale zitayamba ndi kutha pamalo omwewo.
Kodi kukhalapo kwa mpweya wosakhala wabwino (weniweni) kumakhudza bwanji mawerengedwe a ntchito mu njira za thermodynamic?
- Yankho: Pa mpweya weniweni, kusiyana ndi khalidwe labwino kungayambitse kusiyana kwa mawerengedwe a ntchito, makamaka pakakhala kupanikizika kwambiri kapena kutentha kochepa. Chiyerekezo cha Van der Waals kapena mitundu ina ya mpweya weniweni ingafunike kugwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera kusiyana kumeneku.
Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani ngati ntchito yochitidwa pa dongosolo ndi yoipa?

Yankho: Pamene ntchito yochitidwa pa makina ndi yoipa, zikutanthauza kuti makinawo akugwira ntchito pamalo ozungulira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya motsutsana ndi kupanikizika kwakunja.