Kuyenda kozungulira kofanana

Nkhani yokhudza kuyenda kozungulira kofanana

Mu moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi zinthu zomwe zimayenda mozungulira mofanana. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha chinthu chomwe chimayenda mozungulira mofanana ndi singano yachiwiri, singano ya mphindi, ndi singano ya wotchi pa wotchi ya analog. Singano yachiwiri nthawi zonse imazungulira pa ngodya ya 360 o kwa masekondi 60 (mphindi imodzi) kapena imazungulira pa ngodya ya 6 o kwa sekondi imodzi. Singano ya mphindi nthawi zonse imazungulira pa ngodya ya 360 o kwa mphindi 60 (ola limodzi) kapena imazungulira pa ngodya ya 6 o kwa mphindi imodzi. Singano ya ola nthawi zonse imazungulira 360 o kwa maola 24 (tsiku limodzi). Ngati chinthu chimayenda mozungulira monga singano yachiwiri, singano ya mphindi, kapena singano ya wotchi ndiye kuti zinthuzo zimanenedwa kuti zikuyenda mozungulira. Kodi mungaganizire zitsanzo za zinthu zomwe zimayenda mozungulira?

Tanthauzo la kuyenda kozungulira kofanana

Kuyenda kozungulira kofanana kuli ndi matanthauzo awiri. Choyamba, chinthu chimanenedwa kuti chimayenda mozungulira mosagwirizana ngati chinthucho chikuyenda mozungulira, liwiro la chinthucho nthawi zonse limakhala lokhazikika kapena liwiro la gawo lililonse la chinthucho nthawi zonse limakhala lokhazikika. Chachiwiri, chinthu chimanenedwa kuti chikuyenda mozungulira mofanana ngati liwiro la angular la chinthucho nthawi zonse limakhala lokhazikika. Kuthamanga kwa angular ndi kuchuluka kwa vector. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa angular kumakhala ndi kukula ndi malangizo a liwiro la angular. Kuti mumvetse bwino tanthauzo la kuyenda kozungulira kofanana, yang'anani chithunzi chotsatirachi.

Liwiro la angular (ω) ndi lokhazikika

Unikani singano yachiwiri pa wotchi yofanana ndi khoma. Singano yachiwiri ikazungulira, zigawo zonse za singano yachiwiri, zomwe zili kumapeto, pakati, komanso pafupi ndi mzere, zimazungulira pamodzi. Chifukwa zigawo zonse za singano yachiwiri zimazungulira pamodzi, ndiye kuti singano yachiwiri ikazungulira pa ngodya ya 360 o (kuzungulira kamodzi), zigawo zonse za dzanja lachiwiri zimazunguliranso pa ngodya ya 360 o (kuzungulira kamodzi). Singano yachiwiri ikatenga ngodya ya 36 o (kuzungulira kamodzi) kwa masekondi 60 (mphindi imodzi), zigawo zonse za singano yachiwiri zimazunguliranso ngodya ya 360 ​​o kwa masekondi 60 (mphindi imodzi).

Kuyenda kozungulira kofanana 1

Liwiro la singano yachiwiri ndi 6 o / s.

ω = liwiro la angular, θ = ngodya, t = nthawi

Liwiro la angular la singano yachiwiri nthawi zonse ndi 6 o / s ndipo njira ya angular velocity (njira yozungulira) ya singano yachiwiri nthawi zonse imakhala yofanana.

Liwiro (v) ndi lokhazikika

Pamene singano yachiwiri ikuzungulira kwa masekondi 60 (mphindi imodzi), zigawo zonse za singano yachiwiri, kaya pafupi ndi mzere kapena kutali ndi mzere, zimazunguliranso kwa masekondi 60 (mphindi imodzi). Ngakhale kuti nthawi ya magawo onse a singano yachiwiri ndi yofanana, mwachitsanzo masekondi 60, kutalika kwa njira yomwe imadutsa mbali iliyonse ya singano yachiwiri kumasiyana. Gawo la singano yachiwiri yomwe ili pafupi ndi mzere lili ndi njira yaifupi, pomwe gawo la singano yachiwiri yomwe ili kutali ndi mzere ili ndi njira yayitali.

Kuyenda kozungulira kofanana 2

v = liwiro, d = kutalika, t = nthawi yopuma, T = nthawi (nthawi yofunikira kuzungulira mozungulira), r = mtunda kuchokera ku mzere wozungulira.

Kutengera ndi njira ya liwiro, tinganene kuti liwiro la gawo lililonse la singano yachiwiri limadalira mtunda wake kuchokera ku mzere wozungulira (r). Kutalikirana ndi mzere (waukulu), ndiko kuti liwiro limakulirakulira. Ngakhale liwiro la gawo lililonse la singano ndi losiyana, liwiro la gawo lililonse la singano nthawi zonse limakhala losasintha.

Kuthamanga kwapakati

Pali mitundu iwiri ya kuthamanga mu kayendedwe kozungulira, yomwe ndi kuthamanga kwa angular ndi kuthamanga kwa mzere. Kuthamanga kwa angular kumachitika pamene liwiro la angular (kuthamanga kwa angular) kapena malangizo a liwiro la angular akusintha. M'malo mwa mzere, kuthamanga kumachitika pamene liwiro kapena malangizo a liwiro asintha. Mu kayendedwe kozungulira kofanana, liwiro la angular ndi malangizo a liwiro la angular nthawi zonse zimakhala zosasintha. Chifukwa chake, palibe kuthamanga kwa angular mu kayendedwe kozungulira kofanana. Mu kayendedwe kozungulira kofanana, liwiro lokha ndi lomwe limakhala lokhazikika nthawi zonse. Malangizo a liwiro amasintha nthawi zonse kapena sasinthasintha. Chifukwa chakuti malangizo a liwiro lolunjika amasintha nthawi zonse, payenera kukhala kuthamanga kwa mzere mu kayendedwe kozungulira kofanana.

Kuthamanga komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa liwiro kumatchedwa centripetal acceleration. Kuthamanga kwa centripetal kumatchedwanso radial acceleration. Kuthamanga kwa centripetal kapena radial acceleration ndi mtundu wa linear acceleration. Kuthamanga kwa centripetal ndi ventricle quantity. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa centripetal kumakhala ndi kukula ndi njira.

Kukula kwa kuthamanga kwa centripetal:

Kuyenda kozungulira kofanana 3Kuyenda kozungulira kofanana 4

a c = kukula kwa kuthamanga kwa centripetal

v = liwiro

r = mtunda kuchokera ku mzere

ω = liwiro la angular

Mafunso ndi mayankho okhudza kuyenda kozungulira kofanana

  1. funso: Kodi mayendedwe ozungulira ofanana amatanthauza chiyani? Yankho: Kuyenda kozungulira kofanana kumatanthauza kuyenda kwa chinthu chomwe chikuyenda pa liwiro losasintha munjira yozungulira.
  2. funso: Kodi chinthu chozungulira mofanana chimatha kuthamanga bwanji? Yankho: Chinthu chozungulira mofanana chimakumana ndi kuthamanga kwapakati komwe nthawi zonse kumalunjika pakati pa njira yozungulira.
  3. funso: Kodi liwiro la chinthu chozungulira mofanana limasintha bwanji? Yankho: Mu kayendedwe kozungulira kofanana, kukula kwa liwiro kumakhalabe kofanana, koma malangizo ake amasintha nthawi zonse, motero liwiro silikhala lofanana.
  4. funso: Fotokozani ndi kufotokoza njira ya kukula kwa kuthamanga kwa centripetal. Yankho: Fomula ya kukula kwa kuthamanga kwa centripetal ndi a = v²/r, pomwe v ndi liwiro la chinthucho ndipo r ndi radius ya njira yozungulira. Fomula iyi ikuyimira mfundo yakuti kuthamanga kumafanana mwachindunji ndi sikweya ya liwiro ndipo motsutsana ndi radius.
  5. funso: Kodi n’chiyani chimapereka mphamvu yapakati pa dziko lapansi lozungulira dzuwa? Yankho: Mphamvu yokoka pakati pa dziko lapansi ndi dzuwa imapereka mphamvu yapakati yomwe imapangitsa dziko lapansi kuyenda mozungulira.
  6. funso: Kodi chingachitike n’chiyani ndi liwiro la dziko lapansi pamene likuyandikira dzuwa mumlengalenga wake wozungulira ngati elliptical? Yankho: Malinga ndi lamulo lachiwiri la Kepler (lamulo la madera), dziko lapansi limayenda mofulumira kwambiri likayandikira dzuwa ndipo limathamanga pang'onopang'ono likatalikirana nalo.
  7. funso: Kodi mphamvu yapakati imakhala zero pa chinthu chomwe chikuyenda munjira yozungulira? Yankho: Ngati chinthucho chatulutsidwa kuchokera panjira yake yozungulira, mphamvu yapakati imakhala zero chifukwa palibe mphamvu ina iliyonse yokokera chinthucho pakati.
  8. funso: Kodi kukangana kumagwira ntchito yotani pa kayendedwe kozungulira ka galimoto komwe kamayenda mozungulira? Yankho: Galimoto ikamayenda mozungulira malo okhota, kukangana pakati pa matayala ndi msewu kumapereka mphamvu yofunikira pakati kuti galimotoyo iyende mozungulira.
  9. funso: Kodi chinthu chingakhale chofanana poyenda mozungulira? Yankho: Ayi, chinthu chozungulira mofanana sichili bwino chifukwa pali mphamvu yeniyeni yomwe imagwira ntchito pa icho (mphamvu yapakati) komanso kusintha kosalekeza kwa liwiro lake.
  10. funso: Kodi njira ya velocity vector nthawi iliyonse munjira yozungulira ndi yotani? Yankho: Nthawi iliyonse munjira yozungulira, vector ya velocity imalumikizana ndi bwalo komanso mbali ya kayendedwe.
  11. funso: Kodi mungawonjezere bwanji kuthamanga kwa chinthu pakati pa chinthu mozungulira mofanana? Yankho: Kuthamanga kwa centripetal kungawonjezeke mwa kuwonjezera liwiro la chinthucho kapena mwa kuchepetsa utali wa njira yozungulira.
  12. funso: Kodi n'zotheka kuti chinthu chikhale ndi liwiro losasintha koma chikupitirizabe kuthamanga? Fotokozani ponena za kayendedwe kozungulira kofanana. Yankho: Inde, poyenda mozungulira mofanana, chinthu chimayenda ndi liwiro losasintha koma liwiro lake silisinthasintha chifukwa chakuti komwe chikupita kumasintha nthawi zonse. Kusintha kwa liwiro kumatanthauza kuthamanga (kuthamanga kwapakati).
  13. funso: Kodi pali ntchito iliyonse yomwe yachitika ndi mphamvu yapakati pa chinthu chomwe chikuyenda mozungulira mofanana? Yankho: Ayi, ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yapakati ndi zero chifukwa mphamvuyo imakhala yolunjika ku kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe, ndipo ntchitoyo imafotokozedwa ngati gawo la mphamvu yomwe ikuyenda.
  14. funso: Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku chinthu chozungulira mofanana ngati mphamvu yapakati yatha mwadzidzidzi? Yankho: Ngati mphamvu yapakati ikatha mwadzidzidzi, chinthucho chinkayenda molunjika molunjika ku njira yozungulira, motsatira lamulo loyamba la Newton la kuyenda.
  15. funso: Kodi njira ya mphamvu yapakati ndi iti? Yankho: Fomula ya mphamvu yapakati ndi F = mv²/r, pomwe m ndi kulemera kwa chinthucho, v ndi liwiro, ndipo r ndi radius ya njira yozungulira.
  16. funso: Kodi kulemera kwa chinthu kumakhudza bwanji mphamvu yapakati pa kayendedwe kozungulira kofanana? Yankho: Mphamvu ya pakati imafanana mwachindunji ndi kulemera kwa chinthucho. Ngati kulemerako kukuwonjezeka, mphamvu ya pakati nayonso imawonjezeka, poganizira liwiro ndi utali wa radius zimakhalabe zofanana.
  17. funso: Kodi nthawi yozungulira imadalira kulemera kwa chinthucho chomwe chikuyenda mozungulira mofanana? Yankho: Ayi, nthawi yozungulira siidalira kulemera kwa chinthucho. Imangodalira liwiro la chinthucho ndi utali wa njira yozungulira.
  18. funso: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi mphamvu ya centripetal ndi kotani? Yankho: Mphamvu yapakati ndi mphamvu yeniyeni yomwe imagwira ntchito pakati pa bwalo lomwe limayambitsa kuyenda kozungulira. Koma mphamvu yapakati ndi mphamvu yongopeka yomwe imapezeka mu mawonekedwe ozungulira, yomwe imagwira ntchito kunja, kutali ndi pakati pa kuzungulira.
  19. funso: Chifukwa chiyani mphamvu yapakati sigwira ntchito iliyonse mozungulira mofanana? Yankho: Mphamvu yapakati sigwira ntchito iliyonse mozungulira mofanana chifukwa mphamvuyo nthawi zonse imakhala yolunjika ku kusuntha kwa chinthucho. Popeza ntchitoyo ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku mphamvu ndi kusuntha, ndipo cosine ya madigiri 90 ndi zero, palibe ntchito yomwe imachitika.

  20. Funso: Kodi liwiro la chinthu chozungulira mofanana lingasinthe? Yankho: Mu kuyenda kozungulira mofanana, liwiro la chinthucho limakhala lokhazikika. Komabe, ngati liwirolo lingasinthe, silingaganizidwenso kuti ndi kuyenda kozungulira kofanana. M'malo mwake lingaganizidwe kuti ndi kuyenda kozungulira kosagwirizana, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwapakati ndi kugwedezeka.

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