Kuyenda kozungulira - mavuto ndi mayankho

Kuyenda mozungulira - mavuto ndi mayankho

1. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 10 chimayenda mozungulira pa liwiro losasintha la 4 m/s. Ngati utali wa bwalolo ndi mamita 0.5, ndiye kuti:

1) Kuchuluka kwa mabwalo ndi 4/π Hz

2) kuthamanga kwapakati ndi 32 ms^-2

3) mphamvu yapakati ndi 320 N

4) Nthawi ndi 4π s.

Kodi mawu enieni ndi ati?

Zodziwika:

Misa ya chinthu (m) = 10 kg

The liwiro lolunjika (v) = 4 m/s

Utali wozungulira (r) = mamita 0.5

Yankho:

1) Kuchuluka kwa bwalo

v = 2 π rf

4 = 2 π (0.5) f

4 = π f

f = 4/π Hertz

2) Kuthamanga kwapakati

a_s =v² / r = 4² / 0,5 = 16 / 0,5 = 32 m/s²

3) Mphamvu yapakati

F = ma_s = (10)(32) = 320 N

4) Nthawi

T = 1 : f = 1 : 4/π = 1 x π/4 = π/4

2. Chinthu chimayenda mozungulira mamita 6. Ngati chinthucho chizungulira maulendo 16 mu mphindi ziwiri, kodi liwiro la chinthucho ndi lotani?

Zodziwika:

Ulalo wozungulira (r) = mamita 6

Liwiro la angular (ω) = ma revolutions 16 / mphindi 2 = ma revolutions 8 / mphindi = ma revolutions 8 / masekondi 60 = ma revolutions 0.13/sekondi.

SE basi: Liwiro lolunjika (v)?

Yankho:

v = r ω = (mamita 6)(ma revolutions 0.13/sekondi) = mamita 0.8/sekondi

Mu ma radians:

1 revolution = 2π radians = 2(3.14) = 6.28 radians

Liwiro la angular = ma radians 8 (6.28) / masekondi 60 = ma radians 50.24 / masekondi 60 = ma radians 0.84/sekondi

v = r ω = (mamita 6)(0.84 ma radians/sekondi) = 5.04 ma radians/sekondi.

3. Chinthu chokhala ndi utali wa 20/π cm chimazungulira nthawi 4 mu sekondi imodzi. Kodi liwiro la mzere wa m'mphepete mwa chinthu ndi lotani?

Zodziwika:

Ulalo wozungulira (r) = 20/π cm = 20 / 3.14 cm = 6.4 cm = 0.064 mamita

Liwiro la angular (ω) = ma revolutions 4 / sekondi imodzi = ma revolutions 4 / sekondi.

1 revolution = (2)(3.14) ma radians = 6.28 ma radians

Liwiro la angular (ω) = (4)(6.28) ma radians/sekondi = ma radians 25.12/sekondi

Akufuna: Liwiro la mzere wa m'mphepete mwa chinthu (v)

Yankho:

v = r ω = (mamita 0.064)(ma radians 25.12/sekondi) = mamita 1.6/sekondi

4. Chinthu chikuyenda mozungulira pa liwiro losasintha, liwiro la chinthucho limadalira…

Onaninso Kuthamanga kwa Linear - Mavuto ndi Mayankho

Yankho:

Kuyerekeza kwa liwiro la mzere wa kayendedwe kozungulira:

v = liwiro lolunjika

d = 2πr = kuzungulira

T = nthawi = nthawi yofunikira kuti pakhale kusintha konse.

5. Chinthu chimayenda mozungulira ngati radius mamita 50. Ngati liwiro la chinthucho ndi 120 rpm, kodi nthawi ndi liwiro la chinthucho ndi ziti?

Zodziwika:

Ulalo wozungulira (r) = 50 cm = 0.5 mamita

Liwiro la angular (ω) = 120 rpm = ma revolutions 120 / mphindi 1 = ma revolutions 120 / mphindi 60 = ma revolutions 2 / sekondi 1

1 revolution = 2π radian

Liwiro la angular (ω) = 2 (2π radians) / 1 sekondi = 4π radians/sekondi

Akufuna: Nthawi yotalikirana (T) ndi liwiro lolunjika (v)

Yankho:

Nyengo (T):

Nthawi ndi nthawi yofunikira kuti munthu asinthe zinthu zonse.

Chinthu chimazungulira maulendo awiri mu sekondi imodzi = kuzungulira kamodzi pa masekondi 0.5. Nthawi = masekondi 0.5.

Liwiro lolunjika (v):

v = r ω = (mamita 0.5)(ma radians 4π/sekondi) = 2π mamita/sekondi.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa liwiro la tangential ndi liwiro la angular mu kayendedwe kozungulira ndi kotani?
yankho: Liwiro la Tangential ndi liwiro lolunjika la mfundo pa chinthu chozungulira ndipo limasonyeza liwiro lomwe mfundoyo ikuyenda panjira yake yozungulira. Kumbali ina, liwiro la Angular limatanthauza liwiro lomwe ngodya imasinthira pamene chinthucho chikuzungulira. Liwiro la Tangential nthawi zambiri limayesedwa mu mamita pa sekondi (m/s) pomwe liwiro la Angular nthawi zambiri limayesedwa mu ma radians pa sekondi (rad/s).

Kodi kuthamanga kwa centripetal ndi chiyani ndipo kumakhudzana bwanji ndi kuyenda kozungulira?
yankho: Kuthamanga kwapakati ndi kuthamanga komwe kumachitika ndi chinthu chomwe chikuyenda munjira yozungulira. Nthawi zonse chimaloza pakati pa bwalo ndipo chimayang'anira kusunga chinthucho munjira yake yozungulira. Njira yofulumira pakati ndi iyi: $a_{c} = v ^{2 /r}$ kumene $v$ ndi liwiro la tangential ndi $r$ ndi utali wa bwalo.
N’chifukwa chiyani chinthu chozungulira mofanana chimakhala ndi liwiro ngakhale liwiro lake litakhala losasintha?
yankho: Ngakhale kukula (kapena kukula) kwa liwiro kumakhalabe kofanana mu kayendedwe kozungulira kofanana, komwe liwiro likupita kumasintha. Popeza kuthamanga kumatanthauzidwa ngati kusintha kwa liwiro, ndipo liwiro ndi kuchuluka kwa vekitala komwe kuli kukula ndi njira, kusintha kulikonse komwe kukupita kumatanthauza kuthamanga. Pankhaniyi, kuthamanga kwake ndi kuthamanga kwapakati.

Kodi mphamvu yofunikira kuti munthu asunge kuyenda kozungulira ikugwirizana bwanji ndi kulemera kwa chinthucho ndi utali wa bwalo?
yankhoMphamvu yofunikira kuti munthu asunge kuyenda kozungulira imaperekedwa ndi njira ya mphamvu yapakati: $F_{c} = m \times a_{c} = m \times v ^{2 /r}$ Monga momwe taonera mu equation, mphamvu yofunikira imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kulemera kwa chinthucho ndipo imagwirizana mosiyanasiyana ndi utali wa bwalo.
N’chifukwa chiyani mumamva ngati mukukankhidwira kunja galimoto ikatembenuka modzidzimutsa (monga kuzungulira msewu)?
yankho: Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya "yongopeka" ya centrifugal, yomwe ndi mphamvu yomwe imaoneka kuti imagwira ntchito kunja kwa thupi lomwe likuyenda munjira yozungulira. Si mphamvu yeniyeni m'lingaliro la kukankha kapena kukoka, koma m'malo mwake ndi mphamvu ya inertia. Thupi lanu limafuna kuyenda molunjika (lamulo loyamba la Newton), koma makoma a galimoto kapena lamba wachitetezo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti ikupangitseni kuyenda mozungulira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mumve ngati mukukankhidwira kunja.

Kodi kukangana kumagwira ntchito yotani poyenda mozungulira, makamaka galimoto ikazungulira msewu?
yankhoKukangana pakati pa matayala ndi msewu kumapereka mphamvu yofunikira pakati yomwe imalola galimoto kuzungulira. Popanda kukangana kokwanira, galimotoyo ingatsetsereke kapena kutsetsereka, kulephera kutsatira njira yozungulira yomwe ikufuna.

Kodi mphamvu yapakati imasinthasintha bwanji ngati utali wozungulira wa njira yozungulira wachepetsedwa pakati koma liwiro limakhalabe lomwelo?
yankho: Ngati radius yachepetsedwa pakati ndipo liwiro likhalabe lomwelo, mphamvu yapakati idzawirikiza kawiri, chifukwa mphamvu yapakati imakhala yofanana ndi radius.

Nchifukwa chiyani sitingakhale ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal popanda mphamvu ya centripetal mozungulira?
yankhoMphamvu yapakati ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito kapena "yongopeka" yomwe imawoneka mozungulira. Zikuoneka kuti imakankhira zinthu kunja kuchokera pakati pa kuzungulira. Komabe, kuti chinthu chiyende mozungulira, payenera kukhala mphamvu yeniyeni yomwe ikugwira ntchito pakati, yomwe ndi mphamvu yapakati. Popanda mphamvu yapakati, sipangakhale kuyenda kozungulira poyamba, motero, palibe kuzindikira mphamvu yapakati.
Kodi mphamvu yokoka pakati pa Dziko Lapansi ndi Mwezi ndi yomwe imayambitsa bwanji kuzungulira kozungulira kwa Mwezi?
yankho: Mphamvu yokoka pakati pa Dziko Lapansi ndi Mwezi imagwira ntchito ngati mphamvu yapakati yomwe imasunga Mwezi munjira yake yozungulira Dziko Lapansi. Popanda kukoka kumeneku, Mwezi ungayende molunjika m'malo moyenda mozungulira (kapena molondola kwambiri, mozungulira).

Ngati chingwe chomangiriridwa ku mpira chafupikitsidwa ndi theka pamene chikuzungulira mpirawo mozungulira pa liwiro lomwelo, kodi mphamvu ya chingwecho ingasinthe bwanji?

yankhoNgati kutalika kwa chingwe (komwe kukugwirizana ndi utali wa njira yozungulira) kwachepetsedwa pakati pamene liwiro likupitirirabe, mphamvu yapakati yomwe ikufunika (ndipo motero mphamvu ya chingwe) idzawirikiza kawiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mphamvu yapakati (ndipo mosiyanasiyana, mphamvu ya izi) imakhala yofanana ndi utali wapakati.