Zotsatira za Photoelectric - mavuto ndi mayankho
1. Chiganizo cholondola chokhudza mphamvu ya photoelectric ndi ...
A. Itha kufotokozedwa poganizira kuwala ngati mafunde
B. Ma electron omwe amatulutsidwa ndi pamwamba pa chitsulo adzachepa ngati kuchuluka kwa kuwala kukuwonjezeka
C. Mphamvu ya kuwala siikhudza mphamvu ya ma elekitironi omwe amatuluka pamwamba pa chitsulo
D. Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa imachitika m'dera la infrared
E. Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa chitsulo idzachitika pamene kuwala kwa chitsulocho kuli kwakukulu
Anakonza
A. Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa ingathe kufotokozedwa poganizira kuwala ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono, osati ngati mafunde. Mphamvu ya kuwala siigawidwa nthawi zonse pamene mafunde akuyenda koma ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono totchedwa ma photons omwe amatchedwanso kuwala kwa quanta (tangoganizirani ngati madzi amvula).
B. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kuwala kukuwonjezeka ndiye kuti ma elekitironi otuluka pamwamba pa chitsulo amawonjezeka. Pamene kuchuluka kwa kuwala kukuwonjezeka, mphamvu ya kuwala imawonjezeka. Mphamvu ikakula imayamwa ma elekitironi ambiri otuluka pamwamba pa chitsulo.
C. Mphamvu ya kuwala ikugwirizana ndi liwiro la kutulutsa mphamvu kapena liwiro la mphamvu ya kuwala pamwamba pa chitsulo. Mphamvu ya kuwala kokulira sikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ya kuwala yakulira. Mphamvu ya photon (E = hf) imadalira pafupipafupi (f) kapena kutalika kwa nthawi ndi nthawi ya Planck (h).
D. Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa imachitika pa mafunde kapena kutalika kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet komwe kumatchedwanso ma ultraviolet rays. Mafunde a ultraviolet ndi mafunde omwe mphamvu ya photon imatha kutulutsa ma elekitironi kuchokera pamwamba pa chitsulo. Mafunde a infrared sangakhale chifukwa ndi ochepa kwambiri, apo ayi, mafunde a x-ray ndi gamma rays amatha kukhala chifukwa cha mafunde ambiri kuposa ultraviolet.
E. Mphamvu ya kuwala sikukhudza mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
2.
(1) Mphamvu ya photoelectric ingathe kufotokozedwa poganiza kuti kuwala kuli ndi mapaketi a mphamvu
(2) Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa ingatsimikizire kuti kuwala kumatha kuchita ngati kuwomba
(3) Mphamvu ya ma elekitironi yotuluka pamwamba pa chitsulo imadalira kuchuluka kwa nthawi
(4) Mphamvu ya photoelectric imachitika pafupi ndi dera la infrared
Mawu enieni okhudza mphamvu ya photoelectric ndi…
A. (1) ndi (2)
B. (1) ndi (3)
C. (1) ndi (4)
D. (2) ndi (3)
E. (2) ndi (4)
Anakonza
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
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3.
(1) Kugawanika kwa ma elekitironi kuchokera ku chitsulo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa mafunde a kuwala komwe kukubwera.
(2) Mphamvu ya kuwala komwe kukubwera sikutanthauza kuti ma elekitironi adzachotsedwa pamwamba pa chitsulo.
(3) Pansi pa malire a pafupipafupi, ma elekitironi amakhalabe kunja kwa chitsulo pamene mphamvu ya kuwala komwe kukubwera ikukulitsidwa.
Mawu olondola okhudzana ndi mphamvu ya photoelectric ndi awa…..
Anakonza
Chiganizo (1): Chiganizochi ndi chowonadi. Ngati kutalika kwa mafunde komwe kumabwera kuli kochepa kuposa kutalika kwa mafunde a chitsulo, ndiye kuti ma elekitironi samasulidwa.
Chiganizo (2): Chiganizochi ndi chowonadi. Kutuluka kwa ma elekitironi kuchokera pamwamba pa chitsulo kumadalira ma frequency kapena mafunde kapena mphamvu ya kuwala.
Chiganizo (3): Chiganizochi ndi chabodza. Ma electron amatuluka mu chitsulo ngati ma frequency a kuwala ndi akulu kuposa ma frequency a threshold a chitsulo. Kusowa kwa ma electron kuchokera pamwamba pa chitsulo kumadalira mphamvu ya kuwala osati mphamvu ya kuwala. Mphamvu ya kuwala imadalira ma frequency kapena wavelength (E = hf). Mphamvu ya kuwala imagwirizana ndi liwiro la mphamvu ya kuwala yomwe imatulutsa.
4.
(1) Ma electron amatha kutuluka pamwamba pa zitsulo pamene chitsulo chikuwotchedwa ndi mafunde amagetsi
(2) Kugawanika kwa ma elekitironi kuchokera pamwamba pa chitsulo kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumabwera
(3) Ntchito ya chitsulo chilichonse ndi yofanana
Mawu olondola okhudzana ndi mphamvu ya photoelectric ndi awa…..
Anakonza
Chiganizo (1): Chiganizochi ndi chowona. Mafunde amagetsi amapangidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya mafunde omwe ali ndi ma frequency kapena ma wavelength osiyanasiyana. Mafunde amagetsi okha omwe ali ndi ma frequency kapena ma wavelength ochulukirapo kuposa malire kapena ma wavelength frequency ndi omwe angachotse ma electron kuchokera ku chitsulocho.
Chiganizo (2): Chiganizochi ndi chowona. Ngati ma frequency a kuwala ndi ochepa kuposa ma frequency a threshold yachitsulo ndiye kuti elekitironi silingalekanitsidwe ndi chitsulo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati ma frequency a kuwala ndi akulu kuposa ma frequency a threshold yachitsulo, ma elekitironi amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku chitsulocho.
Chiganizo (3): Chiganizochi ndi chabodza. Ntchito yogwira ntchito yachitsulo ndi ntchito yocheperako kapena mphamvu yocheperako yomwe imafunika kuti ma elekitironi achotsedwe pamwamba pachitsulo. Ntchito yogwira ntchito yachitsulo chilichonse imadalira mawonekedwe achitsulocho.
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5.
( 1) Ma electron omwe amatulutsidwa mu mphamvu ya photoelectric amatchedwa ma electron a photon
(2) Kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi komwe kumatuluka sikudalira mphamvu ya kuwala komwe kumakhudza pamwamba pa chitsulo.
(3) Mphamvu ya kinetic ya ma elekitironi otulutsidwa imadalira mphamvu ya mafunde a kuwala pamwamba pa chitsulo
(4) Kuchotsa ma elekitironi pamwamba pa chitsulo popanda kuchuluka kwa ma threshold frequency (f)o)
Mawu enieni okhudza mphamvu ya photoelectric ndi…..
Anakonza
(1) Ma electron omwe amatulutsidwa ndi radiation amatchedwa photoelectron
(2) Chiŵerengero cha ma elekitironi otulutsidwa chikugwirizana ndi chiwerengero kapena chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi otulutsidwa kwa nthawi ndithu. Chiŵerengero cha ma elekitironi otulutsidwa chimakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya kuwala, komwe mphamvu ya kuwala imakhudzana ndi liwiro la kutumiza kuwala. Mphamvu ya kuwala imakhudza kokha pamene mphamvu ya kuwala ili yaikulu kuposa mphamvu ya malire achitsulo. Ngati mphamvu ya kuwala ndi yochepa kuposa mphamvu ya malire achitsulo, mphamvu ya kuwala siigwira ntchito.
(3) Mawu awa ndi oona. Mphamvu ya kinetic ya ma elekitironi otulutsidwa imadalira mphamvu ya mafunde a kuwala pamwamba pa chitsulo. Elekitironi imatulutsidwa pamwamba pa chitsulo pokhapokha mphamvu ya kuwala ili yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya chitsulo.
(4) Mawu awa ndi abodza. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mafunde a kuwala komwe kukubwera kuli kochepa kuposa kuchuluka kwa ma threshold frequency achitsulo, ma electron samasulidwa. Chifukwa chake kutuluka kwa ma electron kumadalira kuchuluka kwa ma threshold.
6.
(1) kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumawunikira cathode kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa malire
(2) ntchito ya cathode yachitsulo ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya kuwala yomwe imawunikira cathode
(3) kutalika kwa mafunde kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kutalika kwa mafunde a kuwala komwe kumawala pa cathode
(4) mphamvu ya kinetic ya ma elekitironi otulutsidwa kuchokera ku cathode iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yoyambira
Kuti ma photoelectron akwaniritse:
Anakonza
(1) Mawu awa ndi oona. Photoelectric imachitika pamene ma frequency a kuwala komwe kumawunikira chitsulo cha cathode, ndi akulu kuposa ma frequency a limited a chitsulo cha cathode.
(2) Mawu awa ndi abodza. Ntchito ya ntchito ndi ntchito yochepa kapena mphamvu yochepa yofunikira kuti ma elekitironi atuluke. Kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kuchitike, mphamvu ya kuwala iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa ntchito ya cathode yachitsulo.
(3) Mawu awa ndi abodza. Photoelectric imachitika pamene kutalika kwa kuwala kumawunikira cathode, kuposa kutalika kwa kutalika kwa cathode yachitsulo.
(4) Mawu awa ndi oona. Kuti tipulumuke ku chitsulo, mphamvu ya kinetic ya ma elekitironi iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya threshold ya chitsulo cha cathode.
Mayankho olondola ndi (1) ndi (4).
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7. Onani chiganizo chotsatirachi:
(1) Ntchito yogwira ntchito ya chitsulo iyenera kukhala yochepa kuposa mphamvu yowunikira yomwe imawunikira cathode yachitsulo
(2) Mphamvu ya malire a cathode ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya kuwala yomwe imawunikira chitsulo cha cathode
(3) Mphamvu ya kinetic ya ma elekitironi otulutsidwa kuchokera ku cathode nthawi zonse imakhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya cathode threshold
(4) Mphamvu ya kinetic ya ma elekitironi otulutsidwa pamwamba pa cathode imagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya kuwala yomwe imawunikira cathode
Mawu enieni okhudza mphamvu ya photoelectric ndi awa…..
Anakonza
(1) Mawu awa ndi oona
(2) Mawu awa ndi abodza
(3) Mawu awa ndi oona
(4) Mawu awa ndi oona pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ya kuwala yomwe ikuwalira pa cathode ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya threshold ya chitsulo cha cathode. Ngati mphamvu ya kuwala ndi yaying'ono kuposa mphamvu ya threshold ya chitsulocho ndiye kuti ma elekitironi sangalekanitsidwe ndi pamwamba pa cathode yachitsulocho.
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