Kugundana kwa Inelastic
Kusunga lamulo la mphamvu ya kinetic sikugwira ntchito pa ngozi za inelastic. Kusunga lamulo la momentum kumagwira ntchito pa ngozi za inelastic ngati palibe mphamvu yakunja yomwe imagwira ntchito pa zinthu ziwiri zomwe zikugundana. Pa ngozi za inelastic, zinthu ziwiri zimamatirana kapena zimamatirana wina ndi mnzake pambuyo pa ngozi.
Chitsanzo cha funso 1.
Zinthu ziwiri ndi za kulemera komweko, zomwe ndi 1 kg. Chinthu choyamba chimayenda pa ndege yathyathyathya pa liwiro la 10 m/s ndipo chimagundana ndi chinthu chachiwiri chomwe chili pamalo opumulira. Pambuyo pa kugundana, zinthu ziwirizi zimamatirana. Kodi liwiro la zinthu ziwirizi ndi lotani pambuyo pa kugundana?
Zodziwika:
m 1 = 1 kg, m 2 = 1 kg, v 1 = 10 m/s, v 2 = 0
Ankafuna : v'
Yankho:
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v'
(1 kg)(10 m/s) + 0 = (1 kg + 1 kg) v'
10 kg m/s = (2 kg) v'
v' = 10 kg m/s : 2 kg = 5 m/s
Chitsanzo cha funso 2.
Mabuloko atatu amasuntha pa 3 ms -1 amagundana ndi boloko lina pamene akupuma.
Kugundanako sikulimba. Dongosolo la liwiro la block pambuyo pa kugundana, kuyambira lalikulu mpaka laling'ono kwambiri ndi…
Yankho:
Chithunzi 1:
Mphamvu yomaliza = mphamvu yoyambirira
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v
(4m)(3) + (m)(0) = (4m + m) v
12m + 0 = (5m) v
12m = 5m v
v = 12m / 5m = 12/5 = 2.4 m/s
Chithunzi 2:
Mphamvu yomaliza = Mphamvu yoyambirira
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v
(m)(3) + (3m)(0) = (m + 3m) v
3m + 0 = (4m) v
3m = 4m v
v = 3m / 4m = 3/4 = 0.75 m/s
Chithunzi 3:
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v
(m)(3) + (m)(0) = (m + m) v
3m + 0 = (2m) v
3m = 2m v
v = 3m / 2m = 3/2 = 1.5 m/s
Chitsanzo cha funso 3.
Mipira iwiri yokhala ndi kulemera kwa m 1 = 2 kg ndipo m 2 = 1 kg ikuyenda mosiyana ndi liwiro la v 1 = 2 ms -1 ndi v 2 = 4 ms -1 monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi pansipa. Ngati kugundana kuli kosalala, kodi liwiro la mipira yonse iwiri ndi lotani pambuyo pa kugundana?
Zodziwika:
Kulemera kwa mpira 1 (m1) = 2 kg
Kulemera kwa mpira 2 (m2 ) = 1 kg
Liwiro la mpira 1 musanagunde (v 1 ) = 2 m/s
Liwiro la mpira 2 musanagunde (v 2 ) = -4 m/s
Zizindikiro za Plus ndi Minus zimasonyeza kuti mipira yonse imayenda mbali zosiyana.
Kufunidwa : Kuthamanga kwa mipira pambuyo pa kugundana (v')
Yankho:
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v'
(2)(2) + (1)(-4) = (2 + 1) v'
4 – 4 = (3) v'
0 = (3) v'
v' = 0
Chitsanzo cha funso 4.
Zinthu ziwiri, A ndi B, zokhala ndi kulemera kwa chinthu chilichonse, zimayandikirana ndi 1.5-kg ndi liwiro la v A = 4 ms -1 ndi v B = 5 ms -1 . Ngati kugundana kuli kosalala, kodi liwiro la zinthu zonse ziwiri ndi lotani pambuyo pa kugundana?
Zodziwika:
Kulemera kwa chinthu A (m A ) = 1.5 kg
Kulemera kwa chinthu B (m B ) = 1.5 kg
Liwiro la chinthu A musanagunde (v A ) = 4 m/s (kuphatikiza chizindikiro, kumanja)
Liwiro la chinthu B musanagunde (v B ) = -5 m/s (kuchotsa chizindikiro, kumanzere)
Kufunidwa: Liwiro la zinthu zonse ziwiri pambuyo pa kugundana
Yankho:
Kusunga mphamvu yolunjika:
m A v A + m B v B = (m A + m B ) v'
(1.5) (4) + (1.5)(-5) = (1.5 +1.5) v'
6 – 7.5 = (3) v'
-1.5 = (3) v'
v' = -1.5 / 3
v' = -0.5 m/s
Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti zinthu zonse ziwiri zikuyenda kumanzere.
Mafunso 20 ndi mayankho okhudza kugundana kwa inelastic:
1. Funso: Kodi n’chiyani chimatanthauza kugundana kwa inelastic? Yankho: Mu kugundana kwa inelastic, mphamvu ya kinetic siisungidwa, ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya mphamvu imasungidwa. Mphamvu zina zoyambirira za kinetic zimasinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina ya mphamvu.
2. Funso: Kodi kugundana kopanda kukhuthala bwino kumasiyana bwanji ndi kugundana kopanda kukhuthala kwenikweni? Yankho: Pa kugundana kopanda kukhuthala bwino, zinthu zimamatirana pambuyo pa kugundana. Pa kugundana kopanda kukhuthala kwenikweni, zinthuzo zimapatukana, koma mphamvu ya kinetic imatayikabe.
3. Funso: Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimasungidwa mu mitundu yonse ya kugundana, kuphatikizapo kopanda kukhuthala? Yankho: Mphamvu nthawi zonse imasungidwa mu kugundana konse, mosasamala kanthu za kulimba kwawo.
4. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani mphamvu ya kinetic siisungidwa mu ngozi za inelastic? Yankho: Mphamvu ina ya kinetic imasinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina ya mphamvu, monga mphamvu yothekera, kutentha, kapena phokoso.
5. Funso: Kodi munthu angazindikire bwanji kugundana kosalimba mwa kungoyang'ana liwiro la kugundana kusanachitike komanso pambuyo pake? Yankho: Mphamvu yonse ya kinetic isanachitike kugundana idzakhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yonse ya kinetic itatha kugundana.
6. Funso: Kodi kugundana kwa inelastic kungachitike mu gawo limodzi lokha? Yankho: Ayi, kugundana kwa inelastic kungachitike mu gawo limodzi, awiri, kapena atatu. Mfundo zake zimakhalabe zomwezo, kuwerengera kwa vector kokha kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
7. Funso: Pankhani ya sayansi ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kodi zotsatira zofala za kugundana kwa inelastic ndi ziti? Yankho: Mu sayansi ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kugundana kwa inelastic nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kusintha kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagundana kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana.
8. Funso: Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zatayika pa kugundana kwa inelastic? Yankho: Powerengera kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu yonse yoyambira ya kinetic ndi mphamvu yonse yomaliza ya kinetic.
9. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani kugundana kwa inelastic sikuphwanya lamulo losunga mphamvu? Yankho: Mphamvu imasungidwabe; imangosinthidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wina (kinetic) kupita ku ina (monga kutentha kapena phokoso) m’malo mongokhala ngati mphamvu ya kinetic yokha.
10. Funso: Kodi kugundana kwambiri kwa dziko lenileni sikunapangidwe bwino? Yankho: Inde, kugundana kwambiri kwa dziko lenileni sikunapangidwe bwino chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mitundu ina.
11. Funso: Pa kugundana kosalimba, ngati zinthu ziwiri zikamamatirana, kodi tinganene chiyani za liwiro lawo lophatikizana? Yankho: Liwiro lawo lophatikizana limatsimikiziridwa ndi kusunga mphamvu. Zinthu ziwirizi zidzayenda ndi liwiro lofanana pambuyo pa kugundana.
12. Funso: Kodi coefficient of restitution ikugwirizana bwanji ndi kugundana kwa inelastic? Yankho: Coefficient of restitution, yomwe imatchedwa , imayesa "kugwedezeka" kwa kugundana. Pa kugundana kwa inelastic kotheratu, �=0 .
13. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani kugundana kosalimba kungayambitse phokoso? Yankho: Kugundanako kungayambitse kugwedezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zikugundana, zomwe zingayambitse mafunde a phokoso m’malo ozungulira.
14. Funso: Kodi mphamvu yokoka ingakhale chifukwa cha kugundana kwa inelastic? Yankho: Inde, makamaka ngati kugundanako kumabweretsa kusintha kwa kutalika kapena malo a zinthu, zomwe zimasintha mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mphamvu yokoka.
15. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani mipira ya rabara siigundana bwino ngakhale kuti ndi “yodumphadumpha”? Yankho: Mipira ya rabara imagundana ndi yotanuka kapena yofanana ndi yotanuka chifukwa nthawi zambiri imasunga mphamvu zawo zambiri za kinetic ndikubwerera m’mbuyo. Sizimamatirana, zomwe zingakhale chizindikiro cha kugundana kotanuka bwino.
16. Funso: Kodi mipira iwiri yofewa ya dongo ingasonyeze kugundana kopanda kukhuthala? Yankho: Inde, chifukwa mipira iwiri yofewa ya dongo ikagundana, imakonda kumamatirana ndipo sibwerera m'mbuyo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kugundana kopanda kukhuthala kopanda kukhuthala.
17. Funso: Kodi n'zotheka kuti kugundana kosalimba kuchitike popanda phokoso kapena kutentha kulikonse? Yankho: N'zosowa, koma n'zotheka. Mphamvuyo imatha kutayika m'njira zina zobisika kapena kusungidwa ngati mphamvu yamkati.
18. Funso: Kodi kugongana kwa inelastic kungabwezeretsedwe? Yankho: Kawirikawiri, kugongana kwa inelastic sikungabwezeretsedwe chifukwa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mitundu ina kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kubwerera ku mkhalidwe woyamba.
19. Funso: Kodi kukana kwa mpweya kumakhudzana bwanji ndi kugundana kwa inelastic? Yankho: Kukana kwa mpweya kungapangitse kugundana kukhala kopanda elastic kwambiri mwa kutaya mphamvu zina za kinetic ngati kutentha.
20. Funso: Kodi kugundana kwa inelastic kumakhudza mapangidwe achitetezo, monga madera ophwanyika a magalimoto? Yankho: Inde, madera ophwanyika m'magalimoto adapangidwa kuti akumane ndi kugundana kwa inelastic, kutenga mphamvu ya kinetic ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa okwera.
Kugundana kwa inelastic kumathandiza kwambiri kumvetsetsa malamulo osungira zachilengedwe a fizikisi ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zothandiza komanso mapangidwe achitetezo.
