Maikulosi yophatikizika - mavuto ndi mayankho

Maikulosi yophatikizika - mavuto ndi mayankho

1.

Kutengera ndi chithunzi pamwambapa, kodi kukula konsekonse ndi kotani? Tangoganizani kuti diso labwinobwino ndiye kuti mfundo yapafupi (N) = 25 cm.

Zodziwika:

Kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (fo _o ) = 2 cm

Mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi yolunjika (do _o ) = 2.2 cm

Malo oyandikira a diso labwinobwino (N) = 25 cm

Kutalika kwa lenzi ya diso (fe ₎ = 25 cm

Kufunidwa: Kukula konse (M)

Yankho:

Ngati chithunzi chomaliza chapangidwa ndi lenzi ya maso pa nthawi yosatha ndiye kuti diso limakhala lomasuka. Ngati chithunzi chomaliza sichili chosatha ndiye kuti diso silimakhala lomasuka.

Kutengera chithunzi pamwambapa, mtunda wa chithunzi chenicheni umapangidwa ndi lenzi ya diso pa infinity. Chithunzi chomaliza pa infinity kuti diso likhale lomasuka.

Choyamba, werengerani mtunda wa chithunzi kuchokera ku lenzi yolunjika (do _o '). Lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi yolumikizana kotero kuti mtunda wa chithunzi umawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya lenzi yolumikizana.

Kutalika kwa lenzi yolumikizana ndi kwabwino.

1/do _o ' = 1/fo _– 1/do _o = 1/2 – 1 / 2.2 = 11 / 22 – 10/22 = 1/22

do _o ' = 22/1 = 22 cm

Kukula konse kwa microscope :

2.

Kutengera ndi chithunzi pamwambapa, mtunda uli bwanji pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya maso ya maikulosikopu?

Yankho:

Maikulosiko ili ndi magalasi owonera zinthu molunjika komanso molunjika. Maikulosiko imagwiritsidwa ntchito poona zinthu zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri. Chithunzi chopangidwa ndi lenzi yowonera zinthu molunjika ndiye chithunzi chenicheni. Chithunzicho chimakulitsidwa ndi lenzi yowonera zinthu kukhala chithunzi chachikulu kwambiri.

Zodziwika:

Utali wa lenzi yolunjika (fo _o ) = 1.8 cm (Utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi wabwino chifukwa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi yolumikizana)

Utali wa lenzi ya maso (fe ₎ = 6 cm (Utali wa lenzi ndi wabwino chifukwa lenzi ya maso ndi lenzi yolumikizana)

Mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi yolunjika (do _o ) = 2 cm (kuphatikiza chizindikiro chikusonyeza kuti chithunzicho ndi chenicheni)

Chifunidwa: Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya diso (kutalika kwa maikulosikopu = d)

Yankho:

Mtunda pakati pa chithunzi ndi lenzi yolunjika ( do _o ') :

1/do _o + 1/do _o ' = 1/fo _o

1/do _o ' = 1/fo _– 1/do _o

1/do _' = 1 / 1.8 – 1/2 = 10/18 – 9/18 = 1/18

do _o ' = 18 cm

Chithunzi chenicheni chimapangidwa ndi lenzi yolunjika yomwe ili pamalo ofunikira a lenzi ya maso, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi pamwambapa.

Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya maso:

l = do _o ' + f _e = 18 cm + 6 cm = 24 cm

3.

Mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi yolunjika ndi 1.1 cm, kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika ndi 1 cm ndipo kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika ndi 5 cm. Kodi kukula konse kwa maikulosikopu ndi kotani?

Zodziwika:

Mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi yolunjika (do _o ) = 1.1 cm

Utali wa lenzi yolunjika (fo _o ) = 1 cm (Utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi wabwino chifukwa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi yolumikizana)

Utali wa lenzi ya maso (fe ₎ = 5 cm (Utali wa lenzi ya maso ndi wabwino chifukwa lenzi ya maso ndi lenzi yolumikizana)

Kufunidwa: Kukula konse (M)

Yankho:

Kukula konse kwa maikulosikopu kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa lenzi yolunjika (m _o ) nthawi ya kukula kwa angular (M _e ) kwa lenzi ya eyepiece.

Kukula kwa lenzi yolinga:

Kuyerekeza kwa kukula kwa mzere wa lenzi yolinga (m _ob ) :

mo ₌ ho _' /h _o = do _o '/do _o = (l – fe ₎ /do _o

kumene

h _o ' = kutalika kwa chithunzi chopangidwa ndi lenzi yolunjika

h _o = kutalika kwa chinthucho

do _o ' = mtunda pakati pa chithunzi chenicheni chopangidwa ndi lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi yolunjika

do _o = mtunda pakati pa chinthu ndi lenzi yolunjika

f _e = kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso

l = kutalika kwa maikulosikopu = mtunda pakati pa magalasi awiriwa = mtunda pakati pa chithunzi chenicheni chopangidwa ndi lenzi yolunjika (do _' ) + kutalika kwa lenzi yoyang'ana maso f _e )

Mtunda pakati pa chithunzi chenicheni chopangidwa ndi lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi yolunjika ( do _o ') :

Choyamba, dziwani mtunda pakati pa chithunzi chenicheni ndi lenzi yolunjika:

1/do _o + 1/do _o ' = 1/fo _o

1/do _o ' = 1/fo _– 1/do _o

1/d _o ' = 1/1 – 1 / 1.1 = 11/11 – 10/11 = 1/11

do _o ' = 11 cm

Chithunzi chenicheni chomwe chimapangidwa ndi lenzi yowunikira chili pamalo owonekera, monga momwe chithunzi chili pamwambapa chikusonyezera.

Kukula kwa lenzi yolinga:

m _o = do _o ' / do _o = 11 cm / 1.1 cm = 10

Kukula kwa lens ya maso:

Ngati diso lapumula, ndiye kuti kukula kwa lenzi ya maso (Me ₎ kumaonekera:

M _e = N / f _e

Kodi

N = nsonga ya diso (25 cm)

f _e = kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso = 5 cm

Kukula kwa angular kwa lens ya maso (M _e ) :

Me _e = N / f _e = 25 cm / 5 cm = 5

Kukula konse kwa microscope:

M = m _o x M _e = 10 x 5 = 50

4.

Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya maso ya maikulosikopu.

Zodziwika:

Mtunda pakati pa chinthu ndi lenzi yolunjika (do _o ) = 2 cm

Kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika (fo _o ) = 1.8 cm

Mtunda pakati pa chithunzi chenicheni ndi lenzi ya maso (de _e ) = 6 cm

Kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso (fe ₎ = 6 cm

Chifunidwa: Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya maso (kutalika kwa maikulosikopu)

Yankho:

Ngati diso lapumula, chithunzi chomaliza chopangidwa ndi lenzi ya maso chimakhala chosatha. Chithunzi chomaliza chimakhala chosatha ngati chithunzi chenicheni chopangidwa ndi lenzi yolunjika chili pakati pa lenzi ya maso.

Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya maso (l) = mtunda pakati pa chithunzi chenicheni chopangidwa ndi lenzi yolunjika (do _' ) + kutalika kwa lenzi ya maso (fe _e ).

Mtunda pakati pa chithunzi chenicheni ndi lenzi yolunjika (do _o '):

1/do _o + 1/do _o ' = 1/fo _o

1/do _o ' = 1/fo _– 1/do _o

1/do _' = 1 / 1.8 – 1/2

1/d _o ' = 10/18 – 9/18 = 1/18

do _o ' = 18 cm

Mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya maso (kutalika kwa maikulosikopu):

l = do _o ' + f _e

l = 18 cm + 6 cm

l = 24 cm

1. Kodi maikulosikopu yophatikizika ndi chiyani?
   • Yankho: Maikulosi yophatikizika ndi chida chowunikira chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito magalasi angapo kuti chikulitse zinthu zazing'ono, zomwe zimathandiza wowonera kuwona zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri kuti zisawonekere ndi maso.
2. Kodi maikulosikopu yophatikizika imasiyana bwanji ndi maikulosikopu yosavuta?
   • Yankho: Maikulosiko yosavuta imagwiritsa ntchito lenzi imodzi yokha pokulitsa (monga galasi lokulitsa), pomwe maikulosiko yophatikizana imagwiritsa ntchito magalasi awiri - lenzi yolunjika pafupi ndi chitsanzo ndi lenzi ya diso yomwe wowonera amayang'ana.
3. Kodi zigawo zazikulu za maikulosikopu yophatikizika ndi ziti, ndipo ntchito zake ndi ziti?
   • Yankho: Zigawo zazikulu zikuphatikizapo:
     • Magalasi Oyenera: Izi ndi magalasi angapo okhala ndi kukula kosiyanasiyana komwe kumayikidwa pafupi ndi chitsanzocho.
     • Lenzi ya Maso (Maso): Iyi ndi lenzi yomwe wowonera amayang'ana.
     • Gawo: Nsanja yosalala komwe chitsanzocho chimayikidwa.
     • Condenser: Imaunikira kwambiri chitsanzocho.
     • Chowunikira/Chitsime cha Kuwala: Amapereka kuwala kuti muwone chitsanzocho.
     • Ma Knobs Olimba Ndi Olunjika Bwino: Sinthani cholinga.
4. Kodi kukula konse kwa maikulosikopu yophatikizika kumatsimikiziridwa bwanji?
   • Yankho: Kukula konse kumatsimikiziridwa mwa kuchulukitsa kukula kwa lenzi yolunjika pogwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa lenzi ya diso.
5. N’chifukwa chiyani mafuta oyeretsera nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalasi amphamvu kwambiri?
   • Yankho: Mafuta oviika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mphamvu ya maikulosikopu. Ali ndi chizindikiro chofanana cha refractive monga galasi, chomwe chimachepetsa kufalikira kwa kuwala ndikulola kuwala kochulukirapo kulowa mu lens yolunjika.
6. Kodi mawu oti "resolution" amatanthauza chiyani mu microscopy?
   • Yankho: Kusasinthika kumatanthauza luso la maikulosikopu kusiyanitsa bwino mfundo ziwiri zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri. Limafotokoza momveka bwino komanso mulingo wa tsatanetsatane womwe ungawonekere.
7. Chifukwa chiyani nthawi zambiri utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana zitsanzo pansi pa maikulosikopu yophatikizika?
   • Yankho: Kupaka utoto kumawonjezera kusiyana pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za chitsanzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe ena kapena zigawo zina ziwonekere bwino pansi pa maikulosikopu.
8. Kodi dongosolo la lenzi la "parfocal" mu maikulosikopu yophatikizika ndi chiyani?
   • Yankho: Dongosolo la lenzi ya parfocal limatanthauza kuti ngati lenzi imodzi yolunjika ikuyang'ana kwambiri, lenzi zina zolunjika nazonso zimakhala zolunjika kwambiri. Zimapangitsa kuti kusinthana pakati pa lenzi yolunjika kukhale kosavuta popanda kusintha kwakukulu.
9. Kodi kusiyana pakati pa microscope ya monocular ndi binocular compound ndi kotani?
   • Yankho: Maikulosikopu yokhala ndi ma monocular compound ili ndi diso limodzi loti liwonere, pomwe maikulosikopu yokhala ndi ma binocular compound ili ndi ma eyes awiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu aziona bwino komanso aziona mozama.
10. N’chifukwa chiyani chitsanzo chingafunike kukhala choonda kwambiri chikawonedwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu yophatikizika?

• Yankho: Chitsanzo choonda chimalola kuwala kochulukirapo kudutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithunzi chiwoneke bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, zitsanzo zokhuthala sizingakhale zowoneka bwino m'kuya kwawo konse chifukwa cha kuzama kochepa kwa malo a maikulosikopu.