Mphamvu yolimba - mavuto ndi mayankho

Mphamvu yolimba - mavuto ndi mayankho

1. Chipilala cha matabwa chokhala ndi kutalika = 2.5 m, m'lifupi = 0.5 m ndipo kutalika = 0.4 m. osalimba madzi ndi 1000 kg/m2³Ngati chipikacho chaikidwa m'madzi, kodi ndi chiyani chomwe mphamvu yolimba... Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka ndi 10 N/kg.

Zodziwika:

Voliyumu ya chipika (V) = kutalika x m'lifupi x kutalika = 2.5 x 0.5 x 0.4 = 0.5 m³

Kuchuluka kwa madzi (ρ) = 1000 kg/m2³

Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = 10 N/kg

Akufuna: Ukulu wa mphamvu yothamanga

Yankho:

Fomula ya mphamvu yoyandama:

F = ρ g V

F= mphamvu yolimba, ρ = kachulukidwe madzi, g = kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka, V = voliyumu

F = (1000)(10)(0.5) = (1000)(5) = 5000 Newtons

2. Kulemera kwa chinthu chomwe chili mumlengalenga ndi 100 N. Chinthucho chimayikidwa mumadzi. Kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu ya madzi ndi 1.5 m³Ngati kulemera kwa madzi ndi 10 N/m³, kulemera kwa chinthucho mu madzi ndi kotani.

Zodziwika:

Zinthu kulemera mumlengalenga (w) = 100 Newton

Kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu ya madzi = voliyumu ya chinthucho mu madzi (V) = 1.5 m³

Kulemera kwa madzi = 10 N/m³

Akufuna: Kulemera kwa chinthucho mu madzi

Yankho:

Kulemera kwa chinthu mu madzi = Kulemera kwa chinthu mumlengalenga – mphamvu yoyandama

Kulemera kwa chinthucho mu madzi = 100 Newton – mphamvu yoyandama

Fomula ya mphamvu yoyandama:

F_A = ρ g V

F_A = mphamvu yoyandama = mphamvu yomwe madzi amatuluka pa chinthucho m'madzi

ρ = kuchuluka kwa madzi

g = kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka

V = kuchuluka kwa chinthu mu madzi

Kulemera kwake:

Kulemera kwa madzi = 10 N/m³

w / V = ​​​​10 N/m³

mg / V = ​​​​10 N/m³

m (10) / V = ​​​​10 N/m³

m / V = ​​​​1 kg/m³

ρ = 1 kg/m³

Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi 1 kg/m2³

Ukulu wa mphamvu yoyandama :

F_A = ρ g V = (1 kg/m³)(10 m/s²)(1.5 m³) = 15 kg m/s² = 15 Newton

Kulemera kwa chinthucho mu madzi:

Kulemera kwa chinthucho mu madzi = 100 Newtons – 15 Newtons

Kulemera kwa chinthucho mu madzi = 85 Newtons

3. Sitima yoyenda m'nyanja ikulowa mumtsinje waukulu komanso wozama. TKuchuluka kwa madzi a m'nyanja ndi 1100 kg/m2³, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi a mumtsinje ndi 1000 kg/m³. Kuyerekeza kwa kuchuluka kwa chinthucho kuli m'madzi a m'nyanja ndipo in madzi a mtsinje.

A. 11: 10

B. 10: 11

C. 121: 100

D. 1: 1

Zodziwika:

Kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'nyanja (ρ)₁) = 1100 kg/m³

Kuchuluka kwa madzi a mumtsinje (ρ₂) = 1000 kg/m³

SE basi: Ckufananiza kwa kuchuluka kwa chinthucho kuli m'madzi a m'nyanja ndipo in madzi a mtsinje. kufananiza kwa kuchuluka kwa chinthucho kuli m'madzi a m'nyanja ndipo in madzi a mtsinje.

Yankho:

If chinthucho ndi akuyandama tmphamvu yoyandama ya nkhuku (F)_B) = kulemera (mmwamba):

Archimedes' mfundo amanena kuti mphamvu yoyandama imagwira ntchito pa chinthu chomwe chili mu madzimadzi (madzi) ndi ofanana ndi kulemera kwa madzi (madzi) omwe amasuntha. Kuchuluka kwa chinthucho m'madzi (madzi) ndi kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi (madzi) omwe amasuntha.

Kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa chinthucho m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi m'madzi a m'nyanja madzi a mtsinje:

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

4. Golide, yemwe kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 193, ali mu palafini wokhala ndi mphamvu yoposa ma dynes 8000. Ngati kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka ndi 10 m/s² ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta a palafini ndi 0.8 gr/cm³, ndiye anatsimikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa golide.

A. 1.93 gr/cm³

B. 8.65 gr/cm³

C. 19.3 gr/cm³

D. 193 gr/cm³

Zodziwika:

Uzito wa golide (m_golidi) = magalamu 193 = 0.193 kg

Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = 10 m/s²

Mphamvu yolimba (F)_A) = 8000 dynes = 8 x 10³ dyne = (8 x 10³)(10)^-5 N) = 8 x 10^-2 N = 0.08 Newton

Kuchuluka kwa mafuta a palafini (ρ) = 0.8 gr/cm³ = 800kg/m³

Akufuna: Kuchuluka kwa golide

Yankho:

Kulemera kwa golide mumlengalenga:

w = mg = ρ_b V g —– Chiyerekezo 1

V ndi kuchuluka kwa golide mu palafini.

Mphamvu yolimba (F)_B) yofanana ndi kulemera kwa golide mumlengalenga (w) kupatula kulemera kwa golide mu palafini (w'):

w – w' = F_A

w – w' = ρ_f V g —– Chiyerekezo 2

V ndi kuchuluka kwa golide mu palafini.

Ma equation onse awiri pamwambapa akhoza kulembedwanso pansipa:

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

1. Kodi mfundo yaikulu ya mphamvu yothamanga ndi iti?
   • yankho: Mfundo yaikulu ya mphamvu yoyandama ndi mfundo ya Archimedes. Imati chinthu chomwe chili m'madzi chimakumana ndi mphamvu yokwera yomwe imatchedwa mphamvu yoyandama yomwe ndi yofanana ndi kulemera kwa madzi omwe achotsedwa ndi chinthucho.
2. N’chifukwa chiyani chinthu chimaoneka chopepuka chikamizidwa m’madzi?
   • yankho: Chinthu chikamizidwa m'madzi, chimasuntha madzi enaake m'malo mwake. Kulemera kwa madzi osunthikawa kumapereka mphamvu yokwera pamwamba pa chinthucho, zomwe zimaletsa kulemera kwa chinthucho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizimveka chopepuka.
3. Ngati chinthu chikuyandama pamadzi, kodi kulemera kwa chinthucho kumafanana bwanji ndi mphamvu yoyandama yomwe imagwira ntchito pa icho?
   • yankhoNgati chinthu chikuyandama, mphamvu yoyandama yomwe imagwira ntchito pa icho imakhala yofanana ndi kulemera kwa chinthucho. Ndicho chifukwa chake chinthucho chimakhalabe pamalo ofanana popanda kumira kapena kukwera.
4. Kodi mphamvu yoyandama imagwira ntchito pa zinthu zomwe zili mlengalenga?
   • yankhoInde, mphamvu yoyandama imagwira ntchito pa zinthu zomwe zili mumadzimadzi aliwonse, kuphatikizapo mpweya. Komabe, chifukwa mpweya ndi wochepa kwambiri kuposa madzi monga madzi, mphamvu yoyandama mumlengalenga ndi yochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa poyerekeza ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
5. N’chifukwa chiyani zinthu zina zimamira m’madzi pomwe zina zimayandama?
   • yankhoKaya chinthu chikumira kapena chikuyandama zimadalira ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kulemera kwake ndi mphamvu yoyandama. Ngati mphamvu yoyandama (chifukwa cha madzi osunthika) ndi yayikulu kuposa kulemera kwa chinthucho, chimayandama. Ngati kulemera kwake kuli kwakukulu, chimayandama.
6. Ngati mutatenga mpira wachitsulo wopanda kanthu ndi mpira wachitsulo wolimba wofanana ndi chinthu chomwecho, ndikuumiza m'madzi, ndi uti womwe ungakumane ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri?
   • yankhoMphamvu yoyandama imadalira kuchuluka kwa madzi osunthika osati kulemera kwa chinthucho. Popeza mipira yonse iwiri imachotsa kuchuluka komweko kwa madzi, imakumana ndi mphamvu yoyandama yomweyi.
7. N’chifukwa chiyani zombo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo, zomwe zimakhala zolemera kwambiri kuposa madzi, zimayandama?
   • yankho: Zombo zimapangidwa ndi malo akuluakulu opanda kanthu mkati, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwawo konsekonse ndi kochepa kuposa madzi. Madzi omwe sitimayo imasuntha amakhala ndi mphamvu yoyandama yomwe imatha kuthandizira kulemera kwa sitimayo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikwere.
8. Ngati muikankhira mpira woyandama m'madzi mozama kenako nkuumasula, chidzachitike n'chiyani?
   • yankho: Ngati muikankhira mpira woyandama mozama m'madzi, mukuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amasuntha, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu yoyandama. Mukaumasula, mphamvu yoyandama yowonjezereka idzaukweza mmwamba mpaka utabwerera pamalo ake ofanana.
9. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi mphamvu yoyandama pa chinthu chomira m'madzi ngati mutachisuntha kuchoka pa madzi abwino kupita ku madzi amchere?
   • yankhoMadzi amchere ndi okhuthala kuposa madzi abwino. Chifukwa chake, pa kuchuluka komweko komweko komwe kwasinthidwa, mphamvu yoyandama m'madzi amchere imakhala yayikulu kuposa madzi abwino. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chingayandama kwambiri m'madzi amchere kuposa madzi abwino.
10. Kodi n'zotheka kuti chinthu chikhale chokhazikika pa malo amodzi (monga choyima) koma chosakhazikika pa malo ena (monga chopingasa) pamene chikuyandama m'madzi?

• yankhoInde, kukhazikika kwa chinthu choyandama kumadalira kufalikira kwa kulemera kwake poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yoyandama. Ngati pakati pa mphamvu yokoka pali pamwamba pa pakati pa kuyandama, chinthucho chidzakhala chokhazikika. Komabe, ngati musintha momwe zinthu zilili, ubale pakati pa malo oyambira ungasinthe, zomwe zingachititse kuti zinthuzo zisayende bwino.