Njira Zothirira Manyowa a Orchids
Maluwa a orchid amadziwika kuti ndi zomera zokongoletsera zokongola kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi "osasangalatsa" kusamalira. Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe chimatsimikizira thanzi ndi kuthekera kwa maluwa a orchid kuphuka ndi feteleza. Feteleza si "vitamini" yokha, koma ndi gwero la michere yomwe imathandiza maluwa a orchid kukhala ndi mizu yolimba, masamba athanzi, ndi maluwa okhalitsa . Komabe, njira yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza pa maluwa a orchid imasiyana ndi ya zomera wamba zomwe zimayikidwa m'miphika chifukwa maluwa a orchid nthawi zambiri amamera pamodzi (epiphytic), malo awo okulirapo amakhala ndi mabowo, ndipo mizu yawo imakhudzidwa ndi mchere wa feteleza. Chifukwa chake, feteleza iyenera kuchitika pamlingo woyenera, panthawi yoyenera, komanso m'njira yoyenera.
Kumvetsetsa zosowa za michere ya orchid
Kawirikawiri, maluwa a orchid amafuna michere yambiri monga nayitrogeni (N), phosphorous (P), ndi potaziyamu (K), komanso michere ina monga calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, ndi zinc. Nayitrogeni imagwira ntchito pakukula kwa masamba ndi mphukira zatsopano, phosphorous imathandizira kupangika kwa mizu ndi maluwa, pomwe potaziyamu imathandiza kulimba kwa zomera, ubwino wa maluwa, ndi mphamvu ya minofu. Kusowa kwa michere nthawi zambiri kumaonekera chifukwa cha zizindikiro monga kukula pang'onopang'ono, masamba otuwa, mizu yochepa, kapena kuvutika kutulutsa maluwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, feteleza wochuluka ungayambitse nsonga za masamba akuda, "kutentha," kwa mizu, komanso kuwonongeka kwa msanga kwa masamba chifukwa cha mchere wochuluka.
Dziwani mitundu ya feteleza ya ma orchid
Njira zopangira feteleza zimayamba ndi kusankha feteleza woyenera. Pali njira zingapo zopangira feteleza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa maluwa a orchid :
1. Feteleza wa mankhwala (zosasinthika) zosungunuka m'madzi
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa amalowa mosavuta ndipo mlingo wake ukhoza kulamulidwa. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a kristalo kapena ufa, monga NPK yokhala ndi mitundu ina.
2. Feteleza wamadzimadzi wachilengedwe
Feteleza wamadzimadzi wachilengedwe angathandize kukonza malo obiriwira ndikuwonjezera michere, koma muyenera kusankha yomwe yakhwima bwino komanso yopanda fungo lamphamvu kuti isayambitse bowa kapena mabakiteriya.
3. Feteleza wotulutsa pang'onopang'ono
Yoyenera anthu omwe Mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito? Feteleza iyi imatulutsa michere pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, kusamala kumafunikabe, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri chingayambitse kutulutsa mwachangu kuposa momwe amayembekezera.
4. Feteleza wapadera wa gawo lokulira
Anthu ambiri okonda zinthu zobiriwira amagwiritsa ntchito NPK yokhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri (monga 30-10-10) pa gawo la zomera, NPK yolinganizidwa (monga 20-20-20) yosamalira, ndi NPK yokhala ndi phosphorous/potassium yambiri (monga 10-30-20 kapena 6-30-30) yolimbikitsa maluwa. Komabe, njira yosankhidwayo iyenera kusinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi momwe chomera chilili komanso malo ake.
Mfundo yaikulu: "pang'ono koma kawirikawiri"
Cholakwika chofala poika feteleza ku maluwa a orchid ndi kuwaika pa mlingo wopitirira muyeso pofuna kuwapangitsa kuphuka msanga . Komabe, maluwa a orchid amachita bwino ndi feteleza wochepetsedwa madzi pafupipafupi. Mfundo yodziwika bwino ndi yakuti "mlungu uliwonse amaika feteleza pang'ono," zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mlungu uliwonse pamlingo wochepa. Njira imeneyi imachepetsa chiopsezo cha kupsa kwa mizu ndikusunga michere yokhazikika. Ngati mungasankhe kuyika feteleza mlungu uliwonse, kuchuluka kwake kungawonjezeke pang'ono, koma musapitirire.
Njira zokonzekera njira zothirira feteleza
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosungunuka m'madzi, chepetsani motsatira malangizo omwe ali pa phukusi, kenako chepetsani mlingowo kufika pa 1/4 mpaka 1/2 wa mlingo wa zomera wamba, makamaka za maluwa a orchid omwe ali m'miphika yaying'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyera—makamaka madzi amvula, madzi a m'chitsime omwe si olimba kwambiri, kapena madzi okhazikika. Madzi omwe ali ndi "calcium" yambiri amatha kusokoneza kuyamwa kwa michere ndikulimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa mchere m'malo osungira.
Musanagwiritse ntchito, sakanizani yankho mpaka litasungunuka kwathunthu. Ngati kuli kofunikira, sefani kuti muchotse matope omwe angatseke chopopera. Kwa ma orchid, kukhazikika kwa yankho ndikofunikira chifukwa mizu yawo imakhala yolimba ikasintha kuchuluka kwa madzi.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza: kuthirirani madzi, kupopera masamba, kapena kuviika m'madzi
Pali njira zingapo zopangira feteleza ma orchid, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi cholinga chake ndi ubwino wake:
1. Kuthirira mwachindunji mu malo obzalamo
Iyi ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri. Feteleza imathiridwa mpaka chisakanizo cha mphika chikhale chonyowa mofanana ndipo china chake chimatuluka m'mabowo a mphika. Izi zimathandiza mizu kuyamwa michere ndikuletsa kusonkhana kwa mchere chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi. Njirayi ndi yoyenera miphika yokhala ndi fern, makala, coco chips, kapena zosakaniza za pine bark.
2. Kupopera (kudyetsa masamba) pa masamba ndi mizu ya mlengalenga
Njira yopopera mbewuyi imalimbikitsa kuyamwa mwachangu, makamaka michere yochepa. Thirani pang'ono pansi pa masamba (komwe stomata imakhala yambiri) komanso pa mizu ya mlengalenga. Komabe, pewani kulola kuti yankholo lizisonkhana m'mbali mwa masamba, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kuvunda. Kupopera mbewu kuyenera kuchitika m'mawa kuti kuume msanga.
3. Kunyowetsa mphika
Ilowetseni mphika mu feteleza kwa mphindi 5-15, kenako ichotseni madzi. Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza pa zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kunyowetsa mofanana. Komabe, pewani kusiya chisakanizo cha mphikawo chili chonyowa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa zinthu zonyowa kwambiri zingayambitse nkhungu ndi kuvunda kwa mizu, makamaka m'maluwa a orchid omwe amafuna mpweya wambiri.
Nthawi yabwino yothirira ma orchid
Nthawi yothira feteleza imakhudza kwambiri zokolola. Mwabwino, kuthira feteleza kumachitika m'mawa pamene kutentha kudakali kozizira ndipo zomera zili zokonzeka kupanga photosynthesis. Pewani kuthira feteleza nthawi ya kutentha kwa masana, chifukwa madziwo amasanduka nthunzi mwachangu ndipo angayambitse mawanga a masamba. Pewani kuthira feteleza usiku, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri komanso kuuma pang'onopang'ono kungayambitse matenda.
Kuphatikiza apo, samalani ndi momwe chomera chilili. Maluwa a orchid omwe akumera mwachangu (akukula mizu yatsopano kapena masamba) amayankha bwino feteleza. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maluwa a orchid omwe angobzalidwa kumene, omwe ali ndi nkhawa, kapena omwe akudwala, ayenera kukonzedwanso kaye: kusintha madzi, kuwala, ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya, kenako pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuthirira feteleza ndi mlingo wofatsa.
Kutsuka: kutsuka feteleza nthawi ndi nthawi
Njira imodzi yofunika yomwe nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa ndi kutsuka chidebecho. Masabata atatu mpaka anayi aliwonse (kapena mobwerezabwereza ngati mukuthira feteleza nthawi zonse), tsukani chidebecho ndi madzi ambiri oyera mpaka madziwo atatuluka momasuka kuchokera pansi pa mphika. Izi zimachotsa mchere wochuluka wa feteleza womwe ungalepheretse kuyamwa kwa mizu. Zizindikiro za chidebe "chamchere" nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati kutumphuka koyera pamwamba pa chidebecho kapena mphika, komanso mizu yakuda.
Kusintha kwa feteleza kutengera gawo
Kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri, feteleza ikhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi gawo la kukula:
– Gawo la zomera (kukula kwa masamba ndi mizu): gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wochuluka mu nayitrogeni, koma musasungunuke kwambiri.
– Gawo lopanga tsinde/mphukira za maluwa: kuchepetsa nayitrogeni, kuwonjezera phosphorous ndi potaziyamu pang'onopang'ono.
– Gawo lotulutsa maluwa: Pewani feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni kuti maluwa asagwe msanga. Yang'anani kwambiri potaziyamu ndi michere ina kuti maluwa akhale okongola komanso azitha kukhala nthawi yayitali.
– Gawo lopumula (mitundu ina ya maluwa a orchid): kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza, kungokhala kosamalira pang'ono.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti si maluwa onse a orchid omwe ali ndi nthawi yopuma. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa ena a Dendrobium angafunike njira zosiyanasiyana zowasamalira kuposa Phalaenopsis kapena Cattleyas. Chifukwa chake, dziwani mtundu wa maluwa omwe mukusamalira.
Zolakwa zoyenera kupewa
Zolakwika zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha feteleza zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a maluwa a orchid ndi izi: kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wochuluka kwambiri, kuyika feteleza pamene chomeracho chauma kenako n’kuika mlingo waukulu nthawi yomweyo (ndi bwino kuchinyowetsa kaye), kulola kuti yankholo lizisonkhana pamwamba pa masamba, ndi kuyika feteleza mosalekeza popanda kutsuka. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika feteleza sikungathandize ngati palibe kuwala kokwanira, mizu yawola, kapena chomeracho chikuwola. Feteleza ndi chowonjezera, osati cholowa m'malo mwa chisamaliro choyambira.
Kutseka
Kuthira feteleza ku orchid kumafuna kulondola, koma sikuyenera kukhala kovuta. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusankha feteleza woyenera, kuugwiritsa ntchito pamlingo wochepa koma wokhazikika, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezeka zogwiritsira ntchito (kuthirira, kupopera, kapena kunyowetsa), kusamala nthawi yothira feteleza, ndikuchita kutsuka mchere nthawi zonse. Ndi njira yoyenera, orchid imakula bwino, imakhala ndi mizu yogwira ntchito, masamba obiriwira atsopano, ndipo pamapeto pake imapanga maluwa okongola komanso okhalitsa. Ngati muli okhazikika komanso ofunitsitsa kuyang'anira momwe zomera zanu zimayankhira, kuthira feteleza kudzakhala chida chanu chachikulu polimbikitsa orchid kuti iphuke maluwa nthawi zonse kunyumba.
