Kufotokozera za Kontinenti ya Asia
Pendauluan
Asia ndi dziko lalikulu komanso lokhala ndi anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Dziko la Asia lili ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, zilankhulo, ndi mbiri yakale yolemera, ndipo lili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zachilengedwe, kuyambira zipululu mpaka nkhalango zamvula komanso mapiri akuluakulu monga Himalaya. Nkhaniyi ifufuza za malo, chiwerengero cha anthu, chikhalidwe, chuma, ndi mavuto omwe Asia ikukumana nawo.
Dziko la Asia
Asia ili ndi malo okwana makilomita 44,58 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale pafupifupi 30% ya malo onse a dziko lapansi. Ili yozunguliridwa ndi nyanja zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Nyanja ya Pacific kum'mawa, Nyanja ya Indian kum'mwera, ndi Nyanja ya Arctic kumpoto. Imagawananso malire a dziko lapansi ndi nyanja ndi Europe ndi Africa, komanso Australia kudzera mu Nyanja ya Timor ndi Nyanja ya Arafura.
Asia yagawidwa m'madera angapo, kuphatikizapo East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, ndi West Asia. Chigawo chilichonse chili ndi mawonekedwe apadera a malo. Mwachitsanzo, East Asia imadziwika ndi mapiri ake ndi zigwa zake, pomwe Southeast Asia imadziwika bwino ndi zilumba zake ndi nkhalango zamvula.
Chiwerengero cha Anthu ndi Chiwerengero cha Anthu
Asia ili ndi anthu opitilira 4,5 biliyoni, omwe akuyimira oposa 60% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko monga China ndi India ali ndi anthu ambiri, lililonse likuyandikira kapena kupitirira biliyoni imodzi. Mayiko awiriwa amadziwikanso kuti "zimphona zazikulu" chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso momwe amakhudzira dziko lonse lapansi.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa mafuko ndi zilankhulo ku Asia n'kodabwitsa. Mafuko ndi zilankhulo zambirimbiri zimalankhulidwa, kuphatikizapo Chimandarini ku China, Chihindi ku India, ndi Chiarabu ku Middle East. Kuphatikiza apo, zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Chihindu, Chisilamu, Chibuda, Chikhristu, ndi zina zambiri, zimachokera ku Asia, zomwe zikusonyeza kusiyanasiyana ndi zovuta za kontinentiyi.
Chikhalidwe ndi Mbiri
Asia ili ndi mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cholemera komanso chosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kum'mawa kwa Asia ndi komwe kunabadwira zikhalidwe zingapo zakale, monga China, Japan, ndi Korea. Mafumu a Qin ndi Han aku China, ndi nthawi ya Edo ndi Samurai ku Japan, ndi zitsanzo za mbiri yolemera ya chigawochi.
Ku South Asia, India ndi malo odziwika bwino a chikhalidwe ndi nzeru zakale, komwe kunabadwira zipembedzo zazikulu monga Chihindu ndi Chibuda. Taj Mahal, imodzi mwa zodabwitsa za dziko lapansi, ili ku India ndipo ndi chizindikiro cha chikondi ndi zomangamanga zodabwitsa za Mughal.
Kumadzulo kwa Asia, kapena komwe kumadziwika kuti Middle East, kuli pakati pa zipembedzo zitatu zazikulu zokhulupirira Mulungu m'modzi: Chiyuda, Chikhristu, ndi Chisilamu. Derali lili ndi mbiri yayitali ya kubuka kwa maufumu akuluakulu monga Byzantium, Umayyad Caliphate ndi Abbasid.
Pakadali pano, Southeast Asia imadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chake champhamvu cha panyanja komanso maufumu akale monga Srivijaya ndi Majapahit ku Indonesia, ndi Angkor Wat ku Cambodia. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zikhalidwe, magule achikhalidwe ndi masewera, ndi zakudya zapadera kuchokera kudera lililonse zimapangitsa Asia kukhala kontinenti yolemera ndi cholowa cha chikhalidwe.
Chuma cha ku Asia
Asia ndi imodzi mwa mphamvu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chuma cha padziko lonse chikhale cholimba. China ndi India ndi mayiko achiwiri ndi achisanu padziko lonse lapansi, motsatana, chizindikiro chachikulu cha mphamvu zachuma za Asia. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko ena aku Asia monga Japan, South Korea, ndi Indonesia nawonso ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupambana kwachuma ku Asia kwakhala chifukwa cha kukula kwa mafakitale mwachangu, malonda amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, komanso luso lamakono. Mwachitsanzo, China yasintha kuchoka pa chuma chozikidwa pa ulimi kukhala kampani yayikulu yopanga zinthu ndi ukadaulo m'zaka zaposachedwa. Japan, yodziwika ndi zinthu zake zatsopano monga magalimoto ndi zamagetsi, ili ndi imodzi mwa GDP yapamwamba kwambiri pa munthu aliyense padziko lapansi.
Gawo la ukadaulo ku Asia likukulanso mofulumira. Madera monga Bangalore ku India amadziwika kuti "Silicon Valley of India" chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa makampani apamwamba komanso luso lochuluka la IT. Ku East Asia, South Korea ndi mtsogoleri pakukula kwa ukadaulo wa kulumikizana, zosangalatsa, ndi zida zapakhomo.
Komabe, chitukuko chachuma chofulumirachi chimabweretsanso mavuto. Kusiyana kwachuma pakati pa mayiko olemera ndi osauka ku Asia kukupitirirabe. Mayiko monga Laos, Myanmar, ndi Cambodia ali ndi umphawi wambiri komanso zomangamanga zosakhazikika poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka monga Japan, South Korea, kapena Singapore.
Mavuto ndi Tsogolo la Asia
Kontinenti ya Asia ikukumana ndi mavuto ambiri omwe ayenera kuthetsedwa kuti tsogolo likhale lolimba. Vuto lalikulu ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Asia ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo, kuphatikizapo kukwera kwa madzi a m'nyanja, mphepo zamkuntho za m'madera otentha zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi, komanso kusintha kwa mvula komwe kumakhudza ulimi ndi madzi.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'mizinda ku Asia kumabweretsanso mavuto aakulu. Kukula kwa mizinda ikuluikulu nthawi zambiri sikukonzedwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchulukana kwa anthu, nyumba zosakwanira, komanso kuipitsidwa kwambiri kwa mpweya . Mizinda monga Jakarta, Mumbai, ndi Beijing ikukumana ndi mavuto aakulu okhudza kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya omwe amakhudza thanzi la anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.
Vuto lina ndi kusalingana kwa chikhalidwe ndi zachuma. Ngakhale kuti mayiko ena ku Asia akukumana ndi kukula kwachuma mofulumira, anthu ambiri akukhalabe pansi pa mzere wa umphawi. Kusalingana kwa mwayi wopeza maphunziro, chisamaliro chaumoyo, ndi mwayi wazachuma kumawonjezera kusalingana kumeneku.
Mikangano ya pakati pa mayiko ndi mayiko imabweretsanso mavuto akuluakulu. Madera monga Middle East, Korea Peninsula, ndi Kashmir ndi malo omwe anthu ambiri amakhala ndi mikangano yandale. Izi zimakhudza bata la dziko lonse ndipo zimafuna khama lokhazikika la zandale kuti lithetsedwe.
Mapeto
Kontinenti ya ku Asia ndi malo ovuta kwambiri komanso osiyanasiyana, anthu, komanso chikhalidwe. Popeza ili ndi anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwachuma, Asia imachita gawo lofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, chitukuko chofulumirachi chimabweretsanso mavuto angapo omwe ayenera kuthetsedwa kuti chitukuko chikhale chokhazikika komanso chophatikizana.
Asia ndi kontinenti yodzaza ndi zosiyana ndi mwayi. Chikhalidwe chake cholemera ndi mbiri yake, pamodzi ndi chuma chake chosinthasintha, zimapereka zopereka zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mwa kuyang'ana kwambiri pa chitukuko chokhazikika ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, Asia ikhoza kuthana ndi mavutowa ndikupitilizabe kukhala mtsogoleri wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka za zana la 21.
