Njira zamagetsi mu Geophysics
Pendauluan
Njira zamagetsi zamagetsi mu geophysics ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza kapangidwe ka pansi pa Dziko Lapansi. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuyeza minda yamagetsi yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndi maginito a zinthu zapansi pa nthaka. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi ndi kosiyanasiyana ndipo kumaphatikizapo kufufuza mchere , ma hydrocarbon, madzi apansi panthaka, komanso pazinthu za geotechnical monga kufufuza malo osankha zomangamanga. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mfundo zoyambira za njira zamagetsi zamagetsi , mitundu ya njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndi ubwino wake poyerekeza ndi njira zina za geophysical.
Mfundo Zoyambira za Njira Zamagetsi
Njira zamagetsi zimadalira mfundo yakuti minda yamagetsi imatha kukhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya zinthu zapansi pa nthaka. Minda yamagetsi ikalowa m'dziko lapansi, kusintha kwa mindayo kumatha kuzindikirika ndikuwunikidwa kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kapangidwe ka pansi pa nthaka.
Kuyambitsa Magetsi
Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za njira zamagetsi ndi kulowetsa magetsi mu electromagnetic. Pamene mphamvu yosinthira (AC) ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa waya kapena kuzungulira kwa waya, mphamvu zamagetsi zimayambitsidwa. Kenako mphamvu imeneyi imalowa m'nthaka ndikuyambitsa mphamvu zamagetsi kapena mphamvu zamagetsi, makamaka m'zinthu zoyendetsera magetsi monga mchere, madzi apansi panthaka omwe ali ndi ayoni, kapena miyala yonyowa. Minda yachiwiri iyi imapanga zizindikiro zomwe zimatha kuzindikirika ndi zida zomwe zili pamwamba kapena m'mabowo.
Kukana kwa Magetsi
Kukana kwa magetsi ndi kuthekera kwa chinthu kukana kuyenda kwa magetsi. Kuyeza kukana kwa magetsi kumapereka chidziwitso chokhudza kapangidwe ka pansi pa Dziko Lapansi. Zipangizo zoyendetsera magetsi monga madzi apansi panthaka kapena mchere wachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kukana kochepa, pomwe zinthu zosayendetsa magetsi monga miyala youma zimakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu.
Mitundu ya Njira Zamagetsi
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu geophysics, iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake, ndipo kufotokozera kwake kumadalira momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kuzama komwe kukufunika. Zina mwa njirazi ndi izi:
Magnetotelluric (MT)
Magnetotellurics ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito minda yachilengedwe yamagetsi ya mlengalenga ndi ionosphere ya Dziko Lapansi. Kuyeza kwa MT kumachitika pozindikira zigawo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri pakufufuza mozama ndipo imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa kukana kwa pansi pa nthaka mpaka kuzama kwa makilomita angapo. Ubwino waukulu wa MT ndi kuthekera kwake kujambula mapangidwe akuya a geology ndikupeza madera okhala ndi mchere kapena malo osungiramo madzi a hydrocarbon.
Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM)
Njira ya Time-Domain Electromagnetic imaphatikizapo kutumiza pulse yamagetsi pansi ndikuyesa yankho la electromagnetic field mu nthawi. TDEM nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zinthu zosaya kwambiri (mpaka mamita mazana angapo) ndipo imagwira ntchito makamaka pofufuza madzi apansi panthaka ndi mchere m'madzi akuya apakati. Chizindikiro choyankhira chimayesedwa pakapita nthawi pulse yamagetsi itatha, kupereka chidziwitso chokhudza kapangidwe ka resistivity ya pansi pa nthaka.
Ma Electromagnetic a Domain a Frequency-Domain (FDEM)
Mosiyana ndi TDEM, njira ya Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic imaphatikizapo kutumiza chizindikiro cha pafupipafupi m'nthaka ndikuyesa yankho la mphamvu yamagetsi m'dera la pafupipafupi. FDEM imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakufufuza kosazama ndipo ndi yothandiza kwambiri pakufufuza zachilengedwe, monga kuzindikira kuipitsidwa kapena kupanga mapu a kuipitsidwa kwa madzi apansi panthaka. Ma frequency osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amalola kuyeza kukana kwa madzi pa kuya kosiyanasiyana.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
Radar Yolowa Pansi imagwiritsa ntchito ma radar pulses apamwamba kwambiri pojambula mapangidwe a pansi pa nthaka. GPR ndi yothandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zosaya kwambiri (mpaka mamita ochepa) monga kafukufuku wa zinthu zakale, kujambula mapangidwe a zomangamanga za pansi pa nthaka, ndi kuzindikira zinthu monga zingwe kapena mapaipi. GPR ili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba ndipo imatha kupereka zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za zigawo ndi mapangidwe obisika.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwanzeru
Njira zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana mu geophysics ndi mafakitale ena ofanana. Ntchito zina zothandiza ndi izi:
Kufufuza kwa Mineral ndi Hydrocarbon
Chimodzi mwa njira zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito njira zamagetsi ndi kufufuza mchere ndi hydrocarbon . Njira monga magnetotellurics ndi TDEM zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zigawo za mchere kapena malo osungiramo hydrocarbon pa kuya kwakukulu. Chidziwitsochi n'chofunika kwambiri ku mafakitale a migodi ndi mafuta ndi gasi, kuchepetsa zoopsa zofufuzira ndikuwonjezera kupambana kwa kubowola.
Hydrology ndi Madzi a Pansi pa Dziko
Njira zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu maphunziro a hydrology ndi pansi pa nthaka . TDEM ndi FDEM zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula malo osungira madzi, kuzindikira magwero a pansi pa nthaka, ndikuwunika kuipitsidwa kwa madzi a pansi pa nthaka. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa kasamalidwe ka madzi kokhazikika , makamaka m'madera omwe madzi ali ndi vuto la kusowa kwa madzi kapena chilala.
Uinjiniya wa Geotechnical ndi Civil Engineering
Mu geotechnical ndi civil engineering, njira zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza nthaka ndi kuzindikira mavuto omwe angakhalepo monga maenje otsetsereka, mabowo apansi pa nthaka, kapena zigawo zosakhazikika za nthaka. Radar yolowera pansi, makamaka, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zinthu zapansi pa nthaka isanayambe kumanga kuti ipeze zomangamanga zapansi pa nthaka zomwe zingafunike kupewedwa panthawi yomanga.
Zakale Zakale
Mu kafukufuku wa zinthu zakale, Radar Yolowera Pansi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula malo ofukula zinthu zakale popanda kufukula kwambiri. GPR imatha kuzindikira zinthu monga kumanga makoma, manda, ndi zinthu zakale zobisika, zomwe zimathandiza akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale kukonzekera bwino kufukula.
Ubwino wa Njira ya Magnetic
Njira zamagetsi zili ndi ubwino wambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zina za geophysics. Ubwino uwu ndi monga:
Osawononga
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa njira yamagetsi ndichakuti siiwononga. Njirayi siifuna kuboola kapena kufukula, kotero siiwononga chilengedwe kapena malo omwe akufufuzidwa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nthawi ndi Mtengo Mwanzeru
Njira zamagetsi zamagetsi ndizofulumira komanso zotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zobowola kapena kufukula. Kafukufuku wamagetsi amatha kuphimba madera akuluakulu nthawi yochepa, zomwe zingapereke deta yofunika kwambiri kuti iwunikidwenso.
Luso Lolowera
Pogwiritsa ntchito minda yamagetsi, njira imeneyi imatha kulowa pansi mpaka pansi kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kufufuza mozama ndikupereka chithunzi chokwanira cha kapangidwe ka pansi pa nthaka.
Kusinthasintha
Njira zamagetsi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso m'nthaka. Kuyambira m'nkhalango zowirira mpaka m'zipululu zouma, njira iyi ndi yosinthasintha yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Mapeto
Njira zamagetsi mu geophysics ndi zida zothandiza kwambiri pakufufuza pansi pa nthaka. Kutengera mfundo zoyambira za kuyeza kwa maginito ndi kukana kwa magetsi, njirazi zitha kupereka deta yofunika kwambiri ya mchere, hydrocarbon, kufufuza madzi apansi panthaka, ndi ntchito zina zambiri. Njira monga Magnetotellurics, TDEM, FDEM, ndi GPR iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake komanso ntchito zake. Popeza siziwononga, zimagwira ntchito bwino, komanso zimasinthasintha, njira zamagetsi ndiye chisankho chachikulu mu kafukufuku wamakono wa geophysical.
