Zomangamanga Poganizira Mbiri ya Zaluso
Kapangidwe ka nyumba, komwe nthawi zambiri kamatchedwa luso ndi sayansi yopangira ndi kumanga nyumba, kwakhala kofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha anthu. Kupatula ntchito yake yothandiza yopereka malo ogona, chitetezo, ndi malo ochitira zinthu za anthu, kapangidwe ka nyumba kamathandizanso kuwonetsa chikhalidwe, luso la zaluso, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. Kuyanjana kumeneku kumayika zomangamanga m'nkhani yonse ya mbiri ya zaluso.
Zoyambira Zakale
Mbiri ya zomangamanga imayambira m'nyumba zakale kwambiri za anthu. Kuyambira nyumba zakale monga Stonehenge mpaka ziggurat za ku Mesopotamia wakale, zomangamanga zoyambirira zinali ndi kufunika kwauzimu komanso kwa anthu onse. Mapiramidi a ku Egypt, omwe anamangidwa cha m'ma 2570-2150 BCE, ndi umboni wa luso lakale la uinjiniya komanso kudzipereka kwachipembedzo. Nyumbazi sizinali manda a mafumu okha komanso mawu a ulamuliro waumulungu ndi makhalidwe abwino a anthu.
Zakale Zakale: Greece ndi Roma
Nthawi yakale ya ku Girisi ndi Roma inasonyeza kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakupanga mapulani ndi njira zomangira. Kapangidwe ka nyumba zakale zachi Greek, makamaka akachisi ake, zimasonyeza kufunika kwa kufanana, kufanana, ndi mgwirizano. Parthenon, yoperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Athena, imasonyeza malingaliro awa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mizati ya Doric, Ionic, ndi Corinthian kunakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka nyumba zakale, zomwe zinakhudza mapangidwe a zaka zikwi zambiri.
Kapangidwe ka nyumba za Aroma kanachokera kwambiri ku zinthu zakale zachi Greek koma kanayambitsanso zinthu zatsopano monga chipilala, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakale, ndi konkire. Nyumba ya Colosseum ndi Pantheon ku Roma zimasonyeza zodabwitsa za uinjiniya wa Aroma komanso kuyang'ana kwawo pa ntchito za anthu onse komanso ukulu. Nyumba zimenezi zinapangidwa kuti ziwonetse mphamvu ndi kufikira kwa Ufumu wa Roma.
Zodabwitsa Zakale
Pamene Roma inagwa, zomangamanga za ku Ulaya zinasintha kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages. Kalembedwe ka Romanesque kanayamba, komwe kamadziwika ndi ma arches ozungulira pang'ono, makoma okhuthala, ndi mawindo ang'onoang'ono, monga momwe zimaonekera ku abbey ya Cluny. Komabe, kalembedwe ka Gothic ndi komwe kanasintha kwambiri zomangamanga za m'zaka za m'ma 500. Ma cathedral a Gothic monga Notre-Dame de Paris ndi Chartres Cathedral anali ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a kuimirira ndi kuwala. Nyumbazi sizinali zomangidwa zokha koma masomphenya akumwamba omwe adapangidwa kuti alimbikitse mantha ndi ulemu.
Kubadwanso kwatsopano ndi Humanism
Chiyambi cha Renaissance, chomwe chinayamba m'zaka za m'ma 14, chinali nthawi yatsopano yosangalatsidwa ndi zaluso ndi zomangamanga zakale. Nthawi imeneyi inagogomezera zaumunthu, kufanana, ndi mgwirizano. Kapangidwe ka Filippo Brunelleschi ka dome la Florence Cathedral kanasintha maziko atsopano mu uinjiniya ndi kukongola. Ntchito za akatswiri omanga nyumba monga Leon Battista Alberti ndi Andrea Palladio zinaphatikizaponso malingaliro a Renaissance okhudza kuyanjana, kulinganiza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zamasamu popanga mapangidwe. Zolemba za zomangamanga za Palladio zimakhudza kwambiri zomangamanga zakumadzulo, mpaka m'zaka za m'ma 18.
Kutchuka kwa Baroque ndi Rococo
Nthawi ya Baroque (zaka za m'ma 17 mpaka 18) inayambitsa kalembedwe kochititsa chidwi, kokongola, komanso kawirikawiri ka sewero. Kapangidwe ka Baroque kanali ndi cholinga chodzutsa malingaliro ndi ukulu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Tchalitchi cha Katolika poyankha kusintha kwa Chiprotestanti. Nyumba monga Tchalitchi cha St. Peter ku Vatican City, yokhala ndi makoma ake akuluakulu komanso mawonekedwe osinthika, zimasonyeza kalembedwe kameneka. Nthawi ya Rococo inatsatira, kubweretsa mawonekedwe opepuka, okongola komanso tsatanetsatane wokongoletsa, wowoneka m'nyumba monga Nyumba yachifumu ya Versailles.
Chidziwitso ndi Neoclassicism
Chidziwitso chinabweretsa kubwerera ku kudziletsa kwachikale ndi kuphweka, kulimbana ndi kupitirira muyeso kwa Baroque ndi Rococo. Kapangidwe ka Neoclassical, kouziridwa ndi malamulo akale ndi zomwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza ku Greece ndi Roma akale, kunagogomezera nzeru ndi mawonekedwe. Ku France, Petit Trianon ndi Madeleine Church ndi zitsanzo zodziwika bwino, pomwe ku United States, Thomas Jefferson's Monticello ndi nyumba ya US Capitol zikuwonetsa mfundo za neoclassical.
Chisinthiko ndi Zaka za m'ma 20
Zaka za m'ma 20 zinali nthawi ya kusintha kwakukulu mu zomangamanga, monga momwe zinalili m'mitundu ina yambiri ya zaluso. Kapangidwe kamakono kanasiya kalembedwe ka mbiri yakale m'malo mwa ntchito, kuphweka, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano ndi ukadaulo. Mawu akuti "mawonekedwe amatsatira ntchito" otsogolera omanga nyumba monga Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, ndi Walter Gropius. Mapangidwe atsopano a Frank Lloyd Wright adagwirizana ndi chilengedwe, pomwe sukulu ya Bauhaus ku Germany idaphatikiza zaluso, zaluso, ndi ukadaulo.
Postmodernism ndi Zochitika Zamakono
Postmodernism inayamba ngati yankho la kuuma mtima kwa Modernism komanso kusowa kwa zokongoletsera. Kapangidwe ka nyumba za Postmodern kanayambitsanso maumboni akale, kusewera, komanso kusinthasintha, monga momwe zawonedwera mu Nyumba ya Michael Graves ya Portland ndi Nyumba ya Philip Johnson ya AT&T. Kalembedwe aka kanakayikira ziphunzitso zolimba za Modernism ndipo kanakondwerera kubwerera ku zokongoletsera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kapangidwe ka zomangamanga kamakono ndi kosiyanasiyana komanso kosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kukhazikika, ukadaulo, komanso kusakaniza zinthu zachikhalidwe ndi zamakono. Ntchito za Zaha Hadid, ndi mawonekedwe awo oyenda bwino, achilengedwe, komanso mapangidwe atsopano okhazikika a Norman Foster zikuwonetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira zomangamanga zamakono.
Kutsiliza
Ulendo wa zomangamanga m'mbiri ukuwonetsa kukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa kufunika kwa ntchito, luso la ukadaulo, ndi chikhumbo cha zaluso. Kuyambira mapiramidi akuluakulu a ku Igupto wakale mpaka nyumba zazitali zokhazikika za masiku ano, zomangamanga zimaphatikiza njira ya kupita patsogolo kwa anthu ndi kuwonetsa zaluso. Monga gawo lofunikira la mbiri ya zaluso, limapereka lingaliro lomvetsetsa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe, kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, ndi zomwe anthu akukumana nazo. Motero, kuphunzira za zomangamanga mkati mwa mbiri ya zaluso kumavumbula zambiri zokhudza anthu omwe adazipanga monga momwe zimachitira ndi zomwe munthu aliyense wakwaniritsa pakukongola kwake.
